<p>Based on laboratory studies with lysimeters, the concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus</p><p>(DRP) and particulate phosphorus, which is the main part of other P (OVRP), has been studied in</p><p>percolating water. The experiment was conducted through irrigation of small soil columns</p><p>containing clay topsoil from an experimental field in Västergötland. Three rain simulations were</p><p>consecutively performed. DRP concentrations in the percolating water ranged between 0.2 - 0.3</p><p>mg·L</p><p>clearly related to the phosphorus concentration in the soil, measured in a soil extract of</p><p>ammonium lactate (P-AL). Concentrations of OVRP were relatively low and ranged between</p><p>0.12 and 0.16 mg·L</p><p>was not proven and the experiment may reflect how a relatively slow percolation of water may</p><p>release DRP. In contrast, from observed fields with drainage systems quite high concentrations of</p><p>OVRP are typically recorded. This is generally explained by fast flows through macropores in the</p><p>soil and through the drain tile systems.</p><p>Solid manure was applied to the lysimeters equal to a normal agricultural load (30 tons per ha),</p><p>and thereafter another three rainfall were simulated. The load of manure increased the leaching of</p><p>DRP approx. 7 times. The largest increase was observed from the soils with the highest P-ALnumbers.</p><p>The relative boosts of DRP after manure application increased linearly relative to the PAL</p><p>number of the soil and with a high correlation coefficient. Thus the results from the manure</p><p>addition indicated that the soil with highest phosphorus concentrations released proportionally</p><p>more phosphorus than soils with low P-AL numbers. The studies demonstrate the importance of</p><p>adjusting the load of manure to the soil phosphorus content. Presently the spreading of manure is</p><p>only restricted by the number of cattle/cultivated land, not to the P-AL number of the soil.</p><p>-1. The amount of DRP percolating from four soils with different fertilization history was-1 in the percolating water passing through the topsoil. Any macropore flow</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2010. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2010. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The task of my thesis was to investigate the influence of the exogenous phytase on phytate phosphorus retention. The work describes the importance of phosphotus, its digestion and absorption, phosphorus sources, what the need for phosphorus is and what it affects, and its division phosphorus digestibility and the phytase is described in the conclusion. Phytase is added because of poorer utilization of phosphorus from vegetable feed for poultry. The supplement of phytase significantly increases the utilization of phosphorus. In the case of lack of phosphorus or its excess various diseases can develop, and moreover the level of phosphorus affects other minerals in the body. That's why the standards of nutrient requirements for poultry are processed. The function of phosphorus is closely related to calcium, therefore it is important to keep their proportion in the feed balanced. The effects of adding phytase on the use, storage and excretion of phosphorus were monitored through the collection and analysis of droppings and the collection and assessment of the quality of the eggs. In the droppings was monitored how much phosphorus was not used, and in egg's case was monitored the quality egg shell, which also affects the economics of egg production.

The representation fraction of crude protein in forage legumes significantly influences nitrogen utilization by ruminants. Similar researches were not previously realized. The aim of this thesis is valorizing of long-term fertilization on vegetation structure and representation fraction of crude protein in forage alfalfa. Experimental measurements were carried out at the Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Ruzyne. The crop of alfalfa was in the context of long-term fertilization experiment established in the spring of 2013. An attempt with a sown variety Moravia is arranged in the scheme of split-plot. Samples were taken only from the first cut in 2015, each of one line of 50 cm in every block. In the experiment are evaluated four contrasting versions of fertilization (unfertilized control crop, growth fertilized by organic, by mineral and by combination both types of fertilizers). Each variant was repeated for three times. This thesis showed that long-term fertilization influences the parameters of the structure stands of alfalfa. We observed a greater proportion of L/m2 in fertilized variants, an also these stems were higher. Additionally, we observed higher profits, which were in correlation with the sinking share of representation leaves in the growth. Analysis showed that the behalf of nitrogenous substances and individual crude protein fractions is not constant, but is changeable during different variants of fertilization. Unfertilized crop contained on the average 221 g/kg dry matter of nitrogenous substances. The highest protein coken were at crops fertilized organically, 248 g/kg. In the control variant was detected on the average of 328 g/kg of fraction A. This fraction was most abundantly represented in growths with mineral fertilizers, 418 g/kg. On the contrary variant fertilized by combination had the lowest contents of fraction A, 307 g/kg. The highest concentration of B1 was found in mineral fertilized crops, 75 g/kg. For nitrogenous fraction B2 was detected the highest concentration in crop fertilized by combination of mineral and organic fertilizers, 531 g/kg. For nitrogenous fraction B3 was found the highest concentrations in mineral-fertilized growths (NPK). This value is 24 g/kg. By nitrogenous fraction C was found highest concentration in control growth and crop fertilized with mineral, 80 g/kg. On the contrary, in crops fertilized organically was measured lowest value, 67 g/kg. We can conclude from the results, that the best profile fraction of crude protein has variant fertilized with a combined manner.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The aim of the dissertation was to determine the effect of exogenous phytase on the retention and ileal digestibility of phosphorus and calcium from the feed mixture with low level of inorganic phosphorus source and on the quality of egg shells in hens of the final hybrids of the carrier type. The dissertation work has been divided into two experiments. In the first part, the effect of phytase at level 150, 200, 250 and 300 FTU / kg on phosphorus and calcium retention without the use of phosphorus inorganic sources and on the weight of eggs, shell strength, shell weight, shell thickness and egg weight was evaluated. Phosphorus retention was positively influenced by the addition of exogenous phytase enzyme to the feed mixture at the indicated concentrations. Exogenous phytase did not have a definite effect on calcium retention. The egg shell quality, strength and thickness were positively influenced by the addition of exogenous phytase to the feed mixture at level 300 FTU / kg of the mixture. In the second part, the effect of exogenous phytase with activity of 300 FTU / kg on ileal digestibility of phosphorus and calcium from feed mixtures using inorganic sources of phosphorus in suboptimal doses (1.58 and 2.03 g / kg of non-phytate phosphorus, ie 2.6 and 3.0 g / kg of available phosphorus) and with different levels of calcium was evaluated. Phytase at 300 FTU / kg did not have a conclusive effect on the ileal digestibility of phosphorus and calcium. Higher ileal digestibility of phosphorus was found with a lower content of non-phosphate phosphorus in feed mixtures.