Foundation is one of the most important part of construction. Is it a connection between the a structure and a ground that support it. Even in ancient times it was known that most carefully designed structure will fail if the foundationi do not give sufficient support. Thus the proper design of foundation and selection of adequate kind of foundation allow to avoid later constructional problems. Early foundation design was based mostly in intuition and common sense. Builders developed rules for sizing and constructing foundation through trial-and-error method.

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No description available.

Thesis (D.Ed.)--University of Delaware, 2009. / Principal faculty advisor: Dennis L. Loftus, School of Education. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-231).

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Karen A. Curtis, School of Urban Affairs & Public Policy. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in accordance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in education in the Department of Foundations of Education, at the University of Zululand, 2018. / The aim of the study was to investigate the teaching strategies being used by teachers teaching literacy competencies in overcrowded classrooms of Mamaila Circuit primary schools. The study followed a qualitative approach. The design was a case study. The literacy competences were in the home language Sepedi and first additional language English. The grades covered by the study were grade 4 and grade 6. At grade 4 the learners enter the Intermediate Phase after they finish the Foundation Phase at grade 3. At grade 6 the learners exit the Intermediate Phase. The sample comprising 12 teachers was drawn from three primary schools. In-depth interviews were conducted using an interview guide whose questions were formulated from the research questions. Data were analysed thematically. The least overcrowded classroom in the sample had 51 learners and the most overcrowded classroom had 139 learners out of a recommended 1:40 teacher to pupil ratio for primary schools. One of the findings was that the most common teaching strategy amongst others was that of grouping learners according to mixed abilities and appointing group leaders from amongst the learners adjudged to be more capable in terms of reading skills. There were learners with learning barriers who did not benefit from any of the strategies in place. These learners were disadvantaged as there were no education psychologists at school, circuit and district education offices to attend to their needs. These learners were kept in the conventional schools for lack of special schools that could cater for them. The study has recommended on teaching strategies that the grouping method must have rotational group leadership so that the initially most ‘capable’ learners do not feel entitled to leading other learners. The most common method for assessing the effectiveness of the mixed ability grouping strategy was to keep numbers of learners who at beginning of the each term had reading and writing challenges. The teachers claim that the numbers of poorly literate learners decreased from first to fourth term of the year. While the teachers found the grouping method effective the study warned the over-reliance by teachers on shedding off their responsibilities to group leaders could be interpreted as abusing the learners. The study made suggestions for further studies at the end of the report.

Purpose: This study aims to identify three different types of house foundation. These house foundations are so called full basement foundation, crawlspace foundation and concrete slab foundation. When beginning a new construction, no matter if the house is small or large, there are many decisions that must be made. Including which foundation method is most suitable for the existing area. The house foundation must be able to stand firm for many years to come without suffering problems such as cracks and frost heave. It is important to choose at an early stage the foundation method that is most cost-effective and the ability to minimize the risks of frost heave. Method: The work is built up of two different methods; a literature study and a case study which contains several interviews with construction officials in Västerås region. Results: shows that concrete slab foundation is the primary construction that is chosen when choosing a house foundation for a new project aiming to build multiple single-family houses in Barkarö in Västerås city. All representatives decided that this construction has many advantages compared to the other house foundation methods, such as basement foundation and crawl space. It is the most proven basic method for this new construction of single-family houses. Conclusion: The conclusion of the thesis is that many of the representatives which works in the construction area choose concrete slab over other house foundations when there is no requirement for a specific house foundation from the customer.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 1. THE PROBLEM OF THE DISSERTATION The problem of this dissertation is to discover the origin of "The Wesley Foundation Idea," to trace its development, and to show how through "The Wesley Foundation Idea" The Methodist Church has expressed its concern for the students on the state university campus from the year 1886 to 1960. 2. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study shows how the early concept of religious student work by the Methodist Episcopal Church on three representative state campuses was the forerunner of the Wesley Foundation Movement in The Methodist Church today. The study points up those distinctive events within the organization of three early foundations, at the University of Michigan, the University of Illinois, and the University of Wisconsin, that had to do with the growth and the development of the foundation "Idea." It also provides the first reasonably comprehensive history of The Wesley Foundation Movement from its founding to 1960. 3. THE METHODOLOGY USED IN THIS STUDY The historical method of research is employed in this study. The primary, as well as the secondary, sources of historical information regarding the early beginnings of The Wesley Foundation Idea are used in writing the history. The procedure followed has been: a. Each of the three foundations that formed the basis for this study was visited. All available records, minutes of meetings, letters, local publications and historical records were critically examined. b. Interviews were held with some of the persons who are still living and who were on these campuses during the early years of the foundations. c. The Daily Christian Advocate, The Journal of the General Conference and The Doctrines and Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1900 - 1936 and The Doctrines and Discipline of The Methodist Church, 1940 - 1960 were examined, tracing legislation and subsequent action of the Church. The records of the General Board of Education on Wesley Foundations were also examined. 4. CONCLUSIONS First, "The Wesley Foundation Idea" started at the University of Michigan in 1886 under the name "The Wesleyan Guild." Second, the name "Wesley Foundation" was first officially used at the University of Illinois in 1913 under James c. Baker nearly thirteen years after student work was started at this campus. Third, The Methodist Church first recognized its responsibility to the students with the shift in attitude, (1916-1924) when it ceased to regard the state university as a "Godless institution." Fourth, lack of adequate financial support has plagued the Wesley Foundation since its inception in 1886. Not until 1956 did The Methodist Church undertake a major financial campaign supporting the Wesley Foundations. Fifth, the "campus minister" must be as thoroughly prepared in his own field as are his faculty and administrative counterparts. Sixth, the program emphasis has changed since the beginning of the "Idea" from one of providing a social center for the students to that of study and serious confrontation with the role of the Church and the Christians in the world today. Seventh, the students were frequently found to be ahead of the Church in such matters as social concern, social action, and ecumenical commitments. Eighth, the strength of "The Wesley Foundation Idea" has been in the linking of the resources of the larger church with the needs of the local campus. The Wesley Foundation Idea as originally conceived was too narrow. The shift from "following the students," to "being with the students," to the "total campus ministry" was a historical, philosophical and educational necessity. The ideal of the total campus ministry is as yet unfulfilled. However, "The Wesley Foundation Idea" is still emerging, involving continuing attention to the needs of the whole campus. / 2999-01-01