The critically endangered grayling (Hipparchia hermione, syn.: alcyone) is one of the rapidly declining diurnal butterfly species which occupies only few remaining localities in the Czech Republic. Currently, its remaining local populations can be found in the central Povltavi area where they inhabit mostly sparse light oak forests with low cover of the herb layer. As a diploma thesis, the study was conducted during the season 2015. The populations of H. alcyone were researched around the Orlik water reservoir. The occurrence was confirmed at six localities out of which two had been unknown until then. Within four dense populations have been using the capture-recapture method evaluated the mobility and dispersal abilities of the species. The populations differed in their dispersal abilities. Various average long distances across localities and sexes were detected. The average long distances varied (males 142to300 m, females 78to261 m) across all locations. The flight probability were ascertained with two methods: the inverse power function (IPF) and the negative exponential function (NEF). The NEF method fitted better the flight probability at all localities. The interchanges of individuals between localities were noted only in a case of two closest populations. These one-way interchanges (three males and two females) were always directed from dense to smaller population. The adults of H. alcyone were typical by very low dispersions between separate populations, probably due to lower densities of populations and innapropriate structure of migration paths. Three overflights of males and two overflights of females to the neighbouring location were recorded. With respect to the size of local population and the structure of migration routes, the individuals expand with difficulties. In order to maintain and support habitats of new H. alcyone biotopes, the more open canopies and creation of a larger number of small clearings in the neighbourhood of the H. alcyone localities is necessary.

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This thesis deals with the evaluation of the effectiveness of comprehensive land consolidation in Karlovy Vary and Hradec Králové regions. It provides a summary overview about finished comprehensive land consolidation in the regions, including main parameters of the land consolidation. The subjects of research are parameters entering into the land consolidation and changes of these parameters after that, for example number of parcels, the plan of common measures, etc. Then a success of the land consolidation is evaluated (especially the effect of unification). Land consolidation is also evaluated depending on regional, natural characteristics of the regions. The effectiveness of land consolidation in Karlovy Vary and Hradec Králové regions has not been evaluated yet, so this is the reason for this thesis.

In the first part of my thesis I focus on the historical development of real estate records from the Middle Ages to the present land register of Czech Republic. I focus mainly on description of the land terriers, recording system and individual registers. The second part documents and clearly defines the ownership structure and other in rem laws to the land since the second half of 19th century until 1950, according to the individual library insertions of land terriers kept in the cadastral Solopysky at Třebnice. Moreover, it also allows comparison of data collected from the land terriers and the current state of ownership and land fragmentation.

Mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization is an excellent method for structural analysis of coordination compounds with outstanding sensitivity and selectivity. However, it fails to detect some low-polar rhenium complexes. This master thesis describes derivatization method of non-ionizable rhenium complexes with 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and 2,3- dihydroxytoluenene. Fragmentation mechanisms and structure of prepared complexes was studied using high resolution mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation (CID). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) computational method was used for prediction of bond cleavage based on bond lengthening.

Parallel double-station video observations paired with spectroscopic video observations are a good way to study millimetre-sized meteoroids. Almost two decades of video observations of meteors at the Ondřejov observatory give us broad database to study large quantities of meteoroids and their properties. In this work we combined spectral video observations and results of the modelling of the fragmentation of meteoroids. Along with complex infor- mation about meteoroid's trajectories and orbits, this can give us better understanding about origin, internal structure etc. of these millimetre-sized interplanetary bodies. Meteoroids that contained small grains tend to release the sodium early. Since there is a smaller amount of sodium for Na depleted meteoroids, the sodium was released earlier than it was released for meteoroids with same grain sizes and without the sodium depletion. Overall, meteoroids with sodium depletion showed different composition: they were composed of stronger material without very small grains and they did not showed very bright wakes. Two iron meteoroids on Halley type orbits were observed. They are probably remnants of complicated early years of our solar system. The dis- tribution of grain sizes of Jupiter-family members was in a good agreements with results from the COSIMA...

This thesis deals with the fragmentation of the landscape as a result of highway infrastructure and human settlement. The aim is to analyze the current level of fragmentation and permeability of the landscape for large mammals in the region of Moravska Brana, which is a significant migration area between the West Carpathian and Hercynian sub-provinces. The results confirm the increased degree of fragmentation in this area due to the accumulation of several line barriers from the Northeast to the Southwest, and it particularly shows the negative impact of Highway D1. By comparing the degree of fragmentation with supra- regional corridors, this thesis evaluates the Territorial system of ecological stability (TSES) and the habitat model of large carnivores. This thesis shows that the current migration corridors provide only a fragmented landscape with unsuitable habitat. While making a comprehensive analysis of the permeability of the D1 motorway, the effectiveness of the migration corridor between Klimkovice and Dolni Ujezd was evaluated with an emphasis on monitoring the ecoduct of Suchdol nad Odrou, which is used primarily by medium-sized mammals. The results show that large mammals in this area have found the most appropriate migration corridor a long elevated road through the river valleys. Key...

Landscape fragmentation by line barriers in the Czech Republic - development, state of the art and priorities of territorial protection Abstract This paper deals with the problem of landscape fragmentation by linear structures and changes in land cover printed in Europe and the Czech Republic. The development of the fragmentation geometry consisting of transport infrastructure and urban areas is described in detail in the years 1920-2020. In this time boundary the development of measure of landscape fragmentation in the Czech Republic is evaluated. This paper examines also the quality of the current unfragmented landscape. The degree of landscape fragmentation refills the value of ecological integrity (according to Burkhard et al., 2009). The results of gap analysis define the most valuable areas of the Czech countryside, which are not covered by existing special protection area (NP, CHKO, Natura 2000). The resulting areas are also compared to the territorial system of ecological stability and migration important area for the large mammals. Keywords landscape fragmentation - landscape connectivity - ecological integrity - gap analysis of landscape protection

Landscape permeability is currently significantly decreasing mainly due to anthropogenic barriers - transportation infrastructure and sub/urban development. The construction of these barriers has various environmental impacts on animals that differ among taxa. Ensuring a certain degree of permeability of the landscape is crucial for the survival of many species of organisms. Effective tools for the planning protection and restoration of the permeability of the landscape are series of models, whose theoretical framework and practical use are described in this thesis. The practical part deals with the modeling of changes in landscape permeability in the southern hinterlands of Prague. The effectiveness of the implemeted mitigation measures is also evaluated. Keywords: landscape fragmentation, landscape permeability, ecoducts, mitigation measures, suburbanization

This thesis focuses on the history, current state, and conservation of butterfly diversity in the Submediterranean grasslands and Palaearctic steppes. The thesis is introduced with the summary of Cenozoic history of the steppe biome in Eurasia. Then it consists of three studies. The first study describes butterfly communities and microhabitat selection of a steppe specialist butterfly Proterebia afra in two relic grassland areas in the Balkans. Based on genetic markers and samples covering the whole distribution ranges, the second and third studies assess the phylogeography of two steppe butterflies, P. afra and Pseudophilotes bavius, distributed in the Irano-Anatolian region, the Balkans, as well as the northern Palaearctic steppes.