This thesis is concerned with the determination of Internal Stress Resultants produced in different structural elements of framed structures due to harmonic disturbances. The analysis of frames under vibrating loads has so far been dealt with with physical lumping of the structural mass at the node points where the stiffness influence coefficients are defined. To improve the accuracy of the results, a consistent mass matrix approach is dealt with in few of the latest solutions giving higher degree of precision compared with the results of problems solved by lumped mass system. Keeping in mind the criteria of efficiency for solving any structural dynamic response problem, a stiffness matrix is generated which depends upon the distributed mass of the member and the frequency of vibrations of the impressed force. The stiffness influence coefficients are derived for a plane frame member of uniformly distributed mass from the general differential equation of motion under longitudinal and lateral vibrations. This concept is then extended to generate a stiffness matrix for a space frame member including torsional vibrations. The effects of rotary inertia and shear deformations being predominant for framed structures such as turbine foundations, are also included. The generated stiffness matrix is called the "Frequency and Mass Dependent Stiffness Matrix" (F.M.) which is used for the dynamic analysis of some structural problems and the results are compared with those of lumped mass and consistent mass matrix approaches. The F. M. Stiffness Matrix approach is then applied to the dynamic analysis of full size turbine foundations in comparison with other methods of solution. In this thesis major emphasis is stressed upon the dynamic analysis of turbine foundations. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The theory underlying the design of minimum volume space frameworks is reviewed. Fundamental theorems and relations proposed and developed by Maxwell, Michell, Cox, Chan, Hemp, Johnson and Barnett are discussed and examined from a practical viewpoint. Two dimensional frames, which are close geometric approximations to the theoretical concepts of Michell, are defined and formulas established for their design and complete solution. Computer programmes are established for the analysis of pin jointed trusses having a wide range of parameters. The effect of changing parameters on the structural properties is discussed. Rigid frames are analyzed by the use of STRUDL, [STRUctural Design Language], a multi-purpose computer programme for the calculation of forces and displacements in rigid structures. The effects of biaxial stress in the joints and other deviations from the theoretical concept are examined. Comparison is made with other structural designs to establish the superiority and economy of the Michell design. Birefringent models are made, using a numerically controlled milling machine, and tested under load in a polariscope, to confirm the predicted stress levels in the members and stress concentrations in the joints. Examples are given of practical application of Michell space frames. The design of a high tension transmission tower and of a lightweight astronomical mirror support are considered. Alternative solutions to both problems are suggested to provide a basis for more detailed design. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mechanical Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The sensitivity of a structural system to initial imperfections is known to be largely determined by the post-buckling behaviour of the ideal system and further the rate at which the load capacity of the ideal system changes near the critical load. A general non-linear stiffness matrix capable of predicting the post-buckling behaviour of structural systems is developed and tested. A procedure is formulated for predicting the stable equilibrium zones of structural systems and examples are investigated to verify the correctness of the method. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

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Frames have been useful in signal transmission due to the built in redundancy. In recent years, the erasure problem in data transmission has been the focus of considerable research in the case the error estimate is measured by operator (or matrix) norm. Sample results include the characterization of one-erasure optimal Parseval frames, the connection between two-erasure optimal Parseval frames and equiangular frames, and some characterization of optimal dual frames. If iterations are allowed in the reconstruction process of the signal vector, then spectral radius measurement for the error operators is more appropriate then the operator norm measurement. We obtain a complete characterization of spectrally one-uniform frames (i.e., one-erasure optimal frames with respect to the spectral radius measurement) in terms of the redundancy distribution of the frame. Our characterization relies on the connection between spectrally optimal frames and the linear connectivity property of the frame. We prove that the linear connectivity property is equivalent to the intersection dependence property, and is also closely related to the well-known concept of k-independent set. For spectrally two-uniform frames, it is necessary that the frame must be linearly connected. We conjecture that it is also necessary that a two-uniform frame must be n-independent. We confirmed this conjecture for the case when N = n+1, n+2, where N is the number of vectors in a frame for an n-dimensional Hilbert space. Additionally we also establish several necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an alternate dual frame to make the iii iterated reconstruction to work.

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One of the most important practical problems in conducting sample surveys is the list that can be used for selecting the sample is generally incomplete or out of date. Therefore, sample surveys can produce seriously biased estimates of the population parameters. On the other hand updating a list is a difficult and very expensive operation. Multiple-frame sampling refers to surveys where two or more frames are used and independent samples are taken respectively from each of the frames. It is assumed that the union of the different frames covers the whole population. There are two major reasons for the use of multiple-frame sampling method. One is that, using two or more frames can cover most of the target population and therefore reduces biases due to coverage error. The second is that multipleframe sampling design may result in considerable cost savings over a single frame design.

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This study offers the framing analysis of local and foreign-based media on the coverage of "Rohingya: Gambia files case against Myanmar at ICJ" for over nine months period and examines the bias in their new contents and attention to the case. Evaluation of the number of coverage published by each media shows that local media do not pay as much attention as foreign-based media, and undermines the seriousness of the issue. Moreover, the finding highlights that the news representation of local media is evidently in favor of the Myanmar government in support of iconic national leader - Aung San Suu Kyi while abetting in covering up the violent action of the Myanmar military. Findings also suggest that foreign- based media covered the case most with genocide frame whereas self-defense frame was the most popular one in the coverage of local media. This study employed comparative content analysis to detect the bias and observe the different framings of media. Keywords: Bias, Frames, media frames, Framing theory, Myanmar, Rakhine, Bangladesh.

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