Over the past several years, there has been significant development in the field of applications for piezoelectric materials. This thesis focuses on using these materials in a piezohydraulic pump system. Piezopump systems typically operate by pushing fluid through check valves to produce positive fluid flow. The accompanying hydraulic system utilizes a control valve, hydraulic accumulator, and hydraulic actuator. The function of the piezopump is to convert the very small displacements of the piezoelectric stack actuators into useful work. This paper details the design, construction, and testing of four such possible pumping systems. The first system was a thin diaphragm piezo pump which utilized conventional check valves to rectify the flow. This pump was the next generation system in a series of piezopumps designed at Georgia Tech. Its peak performance with a driving voltage of 150V was a flowrate of 140 cc/min with a blocked pressure of 1.38 MPa (200 psi.). The key features of this system were its aluminum construction and ease of assembly. A new technology was developed which used a resonant fluid cavity to build usable pressure for a pumping system. Two half wave resonators were build to operate at frequencies of 20 kHz and 1 kHz. These systems produced good pressure during resonance, but attempts to rectify these high frequency pulses were unsuccessful. Rectification methods such as reed valves, vortex fluid diodes, and nozzle/ diffuser arrangements were discussed. A reed valve system was developed and tested. A fourth piezoelectric system was developed which used the driving elements and the reed valves originally designed for the resonant systems. This non resonant reed valve pump produced good results. This pump systems produced 338cc/min at a frequency of 400 Hz. It also produced a blocked pressure of 250 psi. There are many applications for these miniature high flow pumping systems. The technology in the reed valve pump is scalable, and the size of this particular system may be reduced dramatically to offer even more space saving potential.

Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) utilize Time Division multiple Access with Zero-padding under ultra-wideband¡Ait can improve Inter-Block Interference(IBI) and Multi-Access Interference(MAI) to get good performance¡AThis system even can eliminate multi-access interference. Concept of TDMA can avoid the same time to transmit different user¡¦s data with zero-padding algorithm. This method can efficiency to solve multi-access interference. In this thesis, we will utilize property of two dimension to solve multi-access interference between each others. Zero-padding have good capability the same to Cyclic prefix and can save transmitter power. In this thesis, we will not use CDMA of method because it do not need to much analysis of mathematics, moreover, we can provide low cost and low complexity for system to get low error rate. Finally we to be aimed at improve IBI and MAI to simulation under ultra-wideband, then simulation will show thesis of method is high performance than traditional of method.

Differ from previous research which mainly focus on irrational decision making, using economical principle to consider how to get the maximum profit, and often say they have abilities to use each criteria for evaluating every option. They can solve their problem through analytical, rational and logical thinking. This study aim to discusses how emotional could influence on decision-making process, and people would have emotional involvement in the information selection. They would use the moment of emotion to predict and expect for future circumstances with positive emotional involvement, which the relationship is an emotional expression, and the event significant or not, depends on how important the incident to people (expected relationship would be frequency and strength). This study can improve the relationship in the decision-making play an important role.

In this thesis, a joint symbol timing and carrier frequency offset estimator is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The estimator exploits both redundancy in the cyclic prefix and pilot symbols for channel estimation. The proposed scheme includes a transparent sequence that is added to the OFDM symbol in frequency domain. Comparing with conventional methods, the proposed architecture has the advantage of better bandwidth usage since it does not require extra sub-carriers. The PAPR problem can be suppressed due to constant envelope property of the added sequence in time domain. Moreover, the optimal power allocation ratio of the transparent sequence is determined by minimizing the bit error rate of the system using simulation experiments.

The incidence rate of Chronic Kidney Disease¡]CKD¡^ in Taiwan is the highest among the world. This burden of disease is paralleled by enormous healthcare spending and society¡¦s pressure. Healthy People 2010 started to promote education program for the prevention of chronic kidney disease. A program has started in Taiwan since 2003 in order to control CKD progresses to end stage renal disease¡]ESRD¡^. However, few studies evaluated the effects of such program. This research will focus on the importance and outcome for the intervention of CKD education program and the impact on frequency for nephrology outpatient follow-up visit. Methods: 299 CKD patients were collected for their personal information, history of disease, and clinical values from hospitals in southern part of Taiwan. Results: The result indicated that early intervention for CKD had reduced the execration of clinical value. CKD patients with comorbidities have higher disease severity and inpatient utilization compare with those who without comorbidities. Although CKD education intervention has no significant difference on the change of clinical value, it is significant on the frequency of nephrology outpatient follow-up visit. Conclusion: Early intervention for patient with CKD has great impact on the progression of kidney failure. Effective CKD education program will increase nephrology follow-up visit so that patient could update the education plan and meet individual needs for the decrease of kidney function.

In mobile radio systems, the bandwidth of spread spectrum signals for CDMA system is very wide. If the bandwidth exceeds the coherence bandwidth of the channel, the signal is seriously distorted by the multiple propagation paths. The available bandwidth is divided into a lot of small parts in Multi-carrier-CDMA system. Selecting the number of subcarriers according to the environment of channel will make the bandwidth of spread spectrum signals smaller than the coherence bandwidth of channel. And then the system can overcome the question of multiple propagation paths. The performance of Multi-carrier CDMA system is sensitive to frequency offset. Frequency offset results from Doppler shift due to mobile movement, as well as from a mismatch between the carrier frequency of local oscillators at the transmitter and receiver. Consequently, the subcarriers¡¦ orthogonality are lost, causing Inter-carrier Interference (ICI). The interference of other subcarriers will make the error of estimated channel coefficients. Effect of frequency offset will lower the performance of the combing detector that needing channel estimated. In this thesis, we propose a method to correct the frequency offset. Using the relation of two continuous received signals to estimate the frequency and compensate it. We will analysis and compare this method in different condition. Simulation results will demonstrate the performance of this proposed method.

This research investigates the performance of an existing structural damage detection method (SDIM) when only experimentally-obtained measurement information can be used to calculate the frequency response functions used to detect damage. The development of a SDIM that can accurately identify damage while processing measurements containing realistic noise levels and overcoming experimental modeling errors would provide a robust method for identifying damage in the larger, more complex structures found in practice. The existing SDIM program, GaDamDet, uses an advanced genetic algorithm, along with a two-dimensional finite element model of the structure, to identify the location and the severity of damage using the linear vibration information contained in frequency response functions (FRF) as response signatures. Datagen is a Matlab program that simulates the three-dimensional dynamic response of the four-story, two-bay by two-bay UBC test structure built at the University of British Columbia. The dynamic response of the structure can be obtained for a range of preset damage cases or for any user-defined damage case. Datagen can be used to provide the FRF measurement information for the three-dimensional test structure. Therefore, using the FRF measurements obtained from the UBC test structure allows for a more realistic evaluation of the performance of the SDIM provided by GaDamDet as the impact on performance of more realistic noise and model errors can be investigated. Previous studies evaluated the performance of the SDIM using only simulated FRF measurements obtained from a two-dimensional structural model. In addition, the disparity between the two-dimensional model used by the SDIM used to identify damage and the measurements obtained from the three-dimensional test structure is analyzed. The research results indicate that the SDIM is able to accurately detect structural damage to individually damaged members or to within a damaged floor, with few false damages identified. The SDIM provides an easy to use, visual, and accurate algorithm and its performance compares favorably to performance of the various damage detection algorithms that have been proposed by researchers to detect damage in the three-dimensional structural benchmark problem.

In frequency-hopping (FH) system, the signal is not only impaired by receiver thermal noise, but also impaired by jamming, interference or multipath fading. Therefore, diversity techniques are used to reduce these impairments. Two systems are considered in this thesis, the first one is fast frequency-hopping/M-ary frequency-shift-keying (FFH/MFSK) System and the second one is fast frequency-hopping multiple access/M-ary frequency-shift-keying system (FFHMA/MFSK) System. In the first system, we consider three cases, multitone jamming (MTJ), broad-band noise jamming (BBN) and partial-band noise jamming (PBN).In the second system, we consider multiuser cases with multiple access interference, frequency-selective fading, and AWGN channels. In this thesis, two modified diversity combining methods are proposed. These methods are modified product and Order Statistics-Normalized Envelope Detection (OSNED) methods by adding the reliable order statistics. From simulation results, these methods can effectively combat multitone jamming and partial-band noise jamming. When comparing with product and OSNED in multiple access interference channel and frequency-selective fading channels, the proposed methods have better performance at high SNR. The proposed methods also do not need the additional side information as hard limiting majority vote (HLMV) and soft limiting combiner (SLC) needed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Lithoprinted. "Reprinted from the Annals of Mathematical Statistics, November, 1933."

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: thermal effects, MEMS switches, RF switches. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127).