Existem diversos tipos de práticas de manejo recomendadas para melhorar a qualidade dos frutos de videira. Porém, nem sempre os produtores as adotam pela demanda de mão de obra, o que pode prejudicar todo pomar. Assim, é necessário adotar práticas que permitam produzir frutos de qualidade sem exigência maior de mão de obra. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de materiais refletivos e de práticas de manejo sobre a qualidade fitossanitária, fisico-química, bioquímica e fisiológica da uva Merlot. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em fatorial 3 x 2 (tipo de material x prática de manejo), com 4 repetições e 4 plantas por parcela. O fator prática de manejo foi dividido em dois níveis, com e sem a mesma. Para o tipo de material, foram testados dois filmes refletivos sobre o solo: plástico de ráfia branco (polipropileno) (filme refletivo 1), plástico de ráfia metalizado (filme refletivo 2) e sem uso de material refletivo, terceiro nível desse fator. Os frutos após atingirem o ponto de colheita foram submetidos às avaliações fitossanitárias, físico-químicas e bioquímicas de qualidade. Foram realizadas também avaliações fisiológicas da planta e análises microbiológicas do solo. O uso de material refletivo no solo reduziu o degrane, aumentando consequentemente a produção por planta. As práticas culturais não tiveram influência sobre as características organolépticas e bioquímicas dos frutos de videira, proporcionando somente maior número de bagas por cacho. O uso de filmes refletivos proporcionou maior atividade microbiana no solo. / There are several types of cultural practices adopted on the grape plant orchard to improve fruit quality. However, this cultural practices demand for labor, which does not encourage farmers to adopt them. However, it is necessary to adopt practices that can produce quality fruits without increased demand for labor. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reflective film use and cultural practices in the pathology, physical-chemical, biochemical quality and physiologic Merlot grape. The experimental design was in blocks completely randomized, in factorial 3 x 2 (material type x cultural practices), with four replications, considering four plants by plot. The cultural practices factor was divided in two levels, with and without it. In the material type factor were tested two reflective film in the soil, white raffia plastic (polypropylene) (reflective film 1) and metalized raffia plastic (reflective film 2). The pathology, physical-chemical and biochemical quality characteristics were evaluated in harvest fruit moment. The physiologic plants aspects and microbiological soil activity were evaluated, too. The reflective material use in the soil reduced fruit lost, what it increase the yield per plant. Cultural practices had no influence on the organoleptic and biochemical grape characteristics, it providing only a greater number of berries per cluster. The use of reflective films showed higher microbial activity in soil.

An investigation was carried out in order to evaluate some of the factors which influence the use of dwarf and semi-dwarf apple trees in commercial orchards in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Three determining factors were found to be of prime importance: the planting density of the trees in the orchard, the tree form as determined by the pruning and training system carried out and the nature of the rootstock used. In the Doornberg Orchards at Okanagan Centre where the experiments were conducted, semi-dwarf trees on Malling VII rootstock trained as hedgerows and planted at a high density per acre gave the optimum earliest and total yields and returns. The experiments were carried out from planting time up to the end of the sixth growing season. The variety of apple used in the experiment was Golden Delicious. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

The methods of valuation that are available for real property in general have not been fully adapted to the particular problem of farm land assessment for taxation purposes. The main method upon which the assessment of farms is based is an analysis of the prices received for comparable properties in the market. Although this method is widely used for property other than farm land, because of several inherent weaknesses in the method it is usually supplemented by, if not subordinate to, the income capitalization method which bases value on the income producing ability of the property. This method, however, has found limited use in farm valuations. The present study is concerned with the adaptation of the income capitalization method to farm lands as a basis for tax assessment with a detailed analysis of the specific problem of orchard assessment. A review is made of the basic concepts of value and the underlying principles of property valuation which have been influential in the development of the present valuation methods. The application of these methods as they are found in various countries is also reviewed. The analysis involves the construction of yield, price and cost schedules for two main apple varieties, Red Delicious and McIntosh. Prom these schedules the annual net incomes of a tree are calculated; these in turn are capitalized to obtain the present value of a tree at different ages in its life cycle. The present level of prices for McIntosh apples is found to be too low to realize a positive net income from these trees. Under these circumstances the only value of such an orchard lies in its basic site value for alternative uses. For the Red Delicious variety positive net incomes are obtained after the trees reach fourteen years of age. The annual net incomes are discounted back from forty years of age to the various age groups within which the trees are commonly placed. This procedure provides a level of values based upon the earning power of the trees. In order to apply these values it is necessary to adjust them for variations in the physical characteristics of the orchards such as soil types, topography, erosion and frost. The use of this method of valuation as a basis for tax assessment would provide a more sensitive reflection of the real differences in value between varieties and kinds of fruit as well as those attributable to the variations in the physical characteristics of the orchard. This would result in a more equitable distribution of the property tax. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

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No description available.

This study is the second in a series of rural sociological studies relevant to the adoption of innovations by farmers in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. The adoption performance of strawberry growers, as measured by an adoption score computed for each respondent, was used for classifying the individuals into adopter categories. This classification was then used as the basis for further analysis of: (1) the relationship between adoption and socio-economic characteristics, (2) the relationship between ethnicity and adoption, (3) the differential use of information sources, (4) the innovation response state, (5) reasons for delay in the adoption process and for rejection. The level of adoption, as indicated by four adopter categories, correlated positively and significantly with social participation, size of farm, acreage in strawberry, gross income from agriculture, strawberry, and from other agricultural enterprises; the amount of farm labour employed for harvesting, and estimated farm value. Age was negatively correlated with adoption. There was no significant relationship with a number of other variables studied. Extension contact was the most important single variable which showed a significant positive association with adoption. The relationship was strongest for personal contact with the District Horticulturist. A relatively high level of practice adoption is indicated by an average of 4.12 adoptions from the total of 6 innovations studied. Characteristics of the innovation accounted for almost one-half of the reasons for delay, and about one-third for rejection. Situational factors, relevant to the particular circumstances of the respondents, were the reasons given most frequently, especially among the early adopters. Ethnic groupings included Mennonites, Japanese and "Other" respondents. Differences were significant for 16 socio-economic characteristics, besides differential levels of extension contact. Japanese, who were the most experienced growers, were characterized by the lowest levels of adoption performance and extension contact. Mennonite growers were the least educated and were intermediate in practice adoption. Information sources were classified into two categories and personal sources were the most frequently used by all adopter categories in both. When classified by Origin, Government sources were second in importance, followed by Commercial and Farm Organization. When classified by the Nature of the Activity, on the other hand, the order of importance was individual instructional, instructional group and mass media. The study included an analysis of the patterns of interpersonal communication among the growers, both in their search for advice and in informal visiting on a friendship basis. Opinion leaders, identified by sociometric procedures, were mostly early adopters. Sociometric choices extended predominantly to growers in higher adopter categories, or to others at the same level of adoption. There were no dyadic relationships extending from Japanese respondents to other ethnic groups. Selection by other ethnic groups among themselves also did not exceed 30 per cent in any instance. The distribution of sociometric choices either by adopter category or ethnic origin were statistically significant. Interpersonal communication among growers was also largely confined to growers in the community network. Opinion leadership was positively associated with high socio-economic status, including high social participation, and the ability to keep informed on aspects of their commercial enterprise from sources close to the origin of new information. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

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Thesis. 1975. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Bibliography: leaves 72-76. / by John G. Bemis. / M.Arch.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

No description available.