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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008." / Advisor(s): Nussbaum, Daniel ; Franck, Raymond. "December 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86). Also available in print.

<p>In the society of today it’s very hard for companies to succeed with mergers. (A.L.Pablo, M.Javidan:2004) This study intends to elucidate the importance of internal marketing and internal communication with mergers. The intention with this essay is to study and analyse the merger between the two companies Astra and Zeneca and study the employers at the time when the merger took place in 1999.</p><p>I have chosen to do this study on the basis of an employer’s perspective. I have used existing theories as internal communication, internal marketing and mergers and acquisition. The empirical data is based on a questionnaire focusing on how the employers handled the merger AstraZeneca. The questionnaire was responded by 60 employers from AstraZeneca.</p><p>The conclusion in this study is that internal marketing and internal communication are really important for mergers to succeed and that the internal marketing and communication in AstraZeneca was well organised. That was the main reason for AstraZeneca’s success. Companies should understand the importance of internal cooperation especially with mergers, when a lot of knowledge and information is vital for succeed.</p>

In the society of today it’s very hard for companies to succeed with mergers. (A.L.Pablo, M.Javidan:2004) This study intends to elucidate the importance of internal marketing and internal communication with mergers. The intention with this essay is to study and analyse the merger between the two companies Astra and Zeneca and study the employers at the time when the merger took place in 1999. I have chosen to do this study on the basis of an employer’s perspective. I have used existing theories as internal communication, internal marketing and mergers and acquisition. The empirical data is based on a questionnaire focusing on how the employers handled the merger AstraZeneca. The questionnaire was responded by 60 employers from AstraZeneca. The conclusion in this study is that internal marketing and internal communication are really important for mergers to succeed and that the internal marketing and communication in AstraZeneca was well organised. That was the main reason for AstraZeneca’s success. Companies should understand the importance of internal cooperation especially with mergers, when a lot of knowledge and information is vital for succeed.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-99). Also available via the Internet.

Foram medidas as funções de excitação de fusão de 14N+ 27Al, 14N + 28Si e 14N + 29Si por detecção dos resíduos de evaporação com um telescópio proporcional E-E. Com o objetivo de determinar se a origem da limitação da seção de choque total de fusão em energias intermediárias era devido a propriedades do núcleo composto ou do canal de entrada os resultados experimentais foram interpretados do ponto de vista do: modelo de Horn-Ferguson, modelo de Lozano-Madurga, modelo de Glas-Mosel, modelo da linha de yrast, modelo da linha estatística de yrast, modelo da superposição de níveis, modelo das etapas intermediárias. Foi feita uma discussão da origem destes modelos e um estudo comparativo dos valores que seus parâmetros assumem numa larga faixa de massa inclusive os calculados neste trabalho. Para estes concluímos que existem indicações de que o canal de entrada pode ter influência na limitação da seção de choque de fusão, mas que é necessário medir as reações periféricas nos três sistemas para assegurar esta hipótese. / Fusion excitation functions were measured for the systems 14N + 27Al, 14N + 28Si and 14N + 29Si by detecting the evaporation residues with a E-E proportional telescope. Since the principal objective of this work was to determine the roles which the formation of the compound nucleus and the specific properties of entrance channel play in the observed limitations of the total fusion cross section, the experimental results were analyzed in the light of the following models: Horn-Ferguson, Lozano-Madurga, Glas-Mosel, Yrast Line, Statistical Yrast Line, Superposition of Levels, Intermediate Step. The results of these theoretical analyses indicate that the entrance channel exerts some influence on the fusion cross section, but to secure this conclusion it is suggested that measurements on direct reaction mechanisms for these systems be made.

“ Lorsqu'on utilise des données provenant d'une seule source,C'est du plagiat;Lorsqu'on utilise plusieurs sources,C'est de la fusion de données ”Ces travaux présentent une approche de fusion de données collaborative innovante pour l'égo-localisation de véhicules routiers. Cette approche appelée filtre de Kalman optimisé à essaim de particules (Optimized Kalman Particle Swarm) est une méthode de fusion de données et de filtrage optimisé. La fusion de données est faite en utilisant les données d'un GPS à faible coût, une centrale inertielle, un compteur odométrique et un codeur d'angle au volant. Ce travail montre que cette approche est à la fois plus robuste et plus appropriée que les méthodes plus classiques d'égo-localisation aux situations de conduite urbaine. Cette constatation apparait clairement dans le cas de dégradations des signaux capteurs ou des situations à fortes non linéarités. Les méthodes d'égo-localisation de véhicules les plus utilisées sont les approches bayésiennes représentées par le filtre de Kalman étendu (Extended Kalman Filter) et ses variantes (UKF, DD1, DD2). Les méthodes bayésiennes souffrent de sensibilité aux bruits et d'instabilité pour les cas fortement non linéaires. Proposées pour couvrir les limitations des méthodes bayésiennes, les approches multi-hypothèses (à base de particules) sont aussi utilisées pour la localisation égo-véhiculaire. Inspiré des méthodes de simulation de Monte-Carlo, les performances du filtre à particules (Particle Filter) sont fortement dépendantes des ressources en matière de calcul. Tirant avantage des techniques de localisation existantes et en intégrant les avantages de l'optimisation méta heuristique, l'OKPS est conçu pour faire face aux bruits, aux fortes dynamiques, aux données non linéaires et aux besoins d'exécution en temps réel. Pour l'égo-localisation d'un véhicule, en particulier pour les manœuvres très dynamiques sur route, un filtre doit être robuste et réactif en même temps. Le filtre OKPS est conçu sur un nouvel algorithme de localisation coopérative-réactive et dynamique inspirée par l'Optimisation par Essaim de Particules (Particle Swarm Optimization) qui est une méthode méta heuristique. Cette nouvelle approche combine les avantages de la PSO et des deux autres filtres: Le filtre à particules (PF) et le filtre de Kalman étendu (EKF). L'OKPS est testé en utilisant des données réelles recueillies à l'aide d'un véhicule équipé de capteurs embarqués. Ses performances sont testées en comparaison avec l'EKF, le PF et le filtre par essaim de particules (Swarm Particle Filter). Le filtre SPF est un filtre à particules hybride intéressant combinant les avantages de la PSO et du filtrage à particules; Il représente la première étape de la conception de l'OKPS. Les résultats montrent l'efficacité de l'OKPS pour un scénario de conduite à dynamique élevée avec des données GPS endommagés et/ou de qualité faible. / “ When we use information from one source,it's plagiarism;Wen we use information from many,it's information fusion ”This work presents an innovative collaborative data fusion approach for ego-vehicle localization. This approach called the Optimized Kalman Particle Swarm (OKPS) is a data fusion and an optimized filtering method. Data fusion is made using data from a low cost GPS, INS, Odometer and a Steering wheel angle encoder. This work proved that this approach is both more appropriate and more efficient for vehicle ego-localization in degraded sensors performance and highly nonlinear situations. The most widely used vehicle localization methods are the Bayesian approaches represented by the EKF and its variants (UKF, DD1, DD2). The Bayesian methods suffer from sensitivity to noises and instability for the highly non-linear cases. Proposed for covering the Bayesian methods limitations, the Multi-hypothesis (particle based) approaches are used for ego-vehicle localization. Inspired from monte-carlo simulation methods, the Particle Filter (PF) performances are strongly dependent on computational resources. Taking advantages of existing localization techniques and integrating metaheuristic optimization benefits, the OKPS is designed to deal with vehicles high nonlinear dynamic, data noises and real time requirement. For ego-vehicle localization, especially for highly dynamic on-road maneuvers, a filter needs to be robust and reactive at the same time. The OKPS filter is a new cooperative-reactive localization algorithm inspired by dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) metaheuristic methods. It combines advantages of the PSO and two other filters: The Particle Filter (PF) and the Extended Kalman filter (EKF). The OKPS is tested using real data collected using a vehicle equipped with embedded sensors. Its performances are tested in comparison with the EKF, the PF and the Swarm Particle Filter (SPF). The SPF is an interesting particle based hybrid filter combining PSO and particle filtering advantages; It represents the first step of the OKPS development. The results show the efficiency of the OKPS for a high dynamic driving scenario with damaged and low quality GPS data.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Foram medidas as funções de excitação de fusão de 14N+ 27Al, 14N + 28Si e 14N + 29Si por detecção dos resíduos de evaporação com um telescópio proporcional E-E. Com o objetivo de determinar se a origem da limitação da seção de choque total de fusão em energias intermediárias era devido a propriedades do núcleo composto ou do canal de entrada os resultados experimentais foram interpretados do ponto de vista do: modelo de Horn-Ferguson, modelo de Lozano-Madurga, modelo de Glas-Mosel, modelo da linha de yrast, modelo da linha estatística de yrast, modelo da superposição de níveis, modelo das etapas intermediárias. Foi feita uma discussão da origem destes modelos e um estudo comparativo dos valores que seus parâmetros assumem numa larga faixa de massa inclusive os calculados neste trabalho. Para estes concluímos que existem indicações de que o canal de entrada pode ter influência na limitação da seção de choque de fusão, mas que é necessário medir as reações periféricas nos três sistemas para assegurar esta hipótese. / Fusion excitation functions were measured for the systems 14N + 27Al, 14N + 28Si and 14N + 29Si by detecting the evaporation residues with a E-E proportional telescope. Since the principal objective of this work was to determine the roles which the formation of the compound nucleus and the specific properties of entrance channel play in the observed limitations of the total fusion cross section, the experimental results were analyzed in the light of the following models: Horn-Ferguson, Lozano-Madurga, Glas-Mosel, Yrast Line, Statistical Yrast Line, Superposition of Levels, Intermediate Step. The results of these theoretical analyses indicate that the entrance channel exerts some influence on the fusion cross section, but to secure this conclusion it is suggested that measurements on direct reaction mechanisms for these systems be made.

La spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (SRM) est une technique d'analyse noninvasive des informations biochimiques des tissus du corps humain. L'un des éléments essentiels des examens SRM in vivo est la quantification des données SRM, qui consiste à retrouver les amplitudes ou surfaces des pics de chacun des métabolites en présence.Toutefois, cette tâche est encore difficile en raison du recouvrement important entre les différents pics, de la présence d'un bruit de fond qui chevauche tous les pics et du faible rapport signal sur bruit des spectres observés.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux nouvelles méthodes de quantification SRM dans le domaine fréquentiel. A partir d'un dictionnaire construit selon des connaissances a priori sur le modèle mathématique des pics des métabolites, nos deux méthodes estiment correctement les pics d'intérêt, en utilisant les représentations parcimonieuses des signaux.Les expériences de simulation menées montrent les excellents résultats de nos méthodes par rapport à l'état de l'art actuel. De plus, les quantifications de spectres SRM in vivo du cerveau pour le suivi au cours du temps de tumeurs sur des patients, ainsi que de spectres SRM in vivo de la prostate, démontrent la pertinence de nos méthodes.Dans cette thèse, nous avons également étudié la fusion des signaux SRM et des images IRM (imagerie par résonance magnétique). Les spectres SRM délivrent des informations biochimiques sur les tissus humains, tandis que les images IRM donnent des informations anatomiques. Quelques publications ont démontré récemment que la combinaison des deux informations SRM et IRM peuvent améliorer de façon critique la détection des cancers de la prostate. Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé d'utiliser une technique de fusion d'informations floues de données SRM et IRM, afin d'automatiser la localisation de tissus cancéreux de la prostate. Dans cette étude préliminaire, nous avons montré les résultats encourageants obtenus par notre technique. / MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) has proved to be an important non invasive technique for analyzing biochemical information about the tissues of the human body. One oft he essential elements of an in vivo MRS examination is the quantification of MRS data,which concerns the calculation of the amplitude or areas of the spectral peaks of individual metabolites. However, it is a challenging problem, because of the strongly overlapping metabolites peaks, the presence of a broad background (baseline) which overlaps the metabolites peaks, and the low signal to noise ratio.In this thesis, we have proposed two new MRS quantification methods in the frequency domain. The proposed methods achieved the accurate estimations of the spectral peaks of interest by finding their sparse representations with respect to a dictionary constructed based on their mathematical models and some a priori knowledge about these model parameters.Simulation experiments show the superiority of the proposed methods for MRS quantifications, compared with other methods. Moreover, the quantifications of in vivo brain MR spectra from tumor patients in different stages of progression, as well as in vivo prostate MR spectra, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.Another research in this thesis is the fusion of information about MRS spectra and MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) images. MRS spectra provide biochemical information about human tissues while MRI images provide anatomical information. Some clinical researches inthe literature have shown that the combination of the information of MRS spectra and MRI images can ameliorate significantly the detection of prostate tumors. In this context, we proposed a technique using fuzzy information fusion of MRS data and MRI data for the automatic localization of the cancerous tissues of the prostate. As a preliminary research, we have shown the encouraging results obtained with the proposed technique.