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Engineered nanomaterials and nanoparticles are, due to their convinient properties, becoming common in many fields of human activity. According to this, there is growing concern about their impact on the environment. The plant kingdom is an essential component of all ecosystems and it is also an important human food source. This dissertation thesis summarizes existing knowledge about impact of nanoparticles/nanomaterials on different plant species (mainly cultural crops) and about mechanism of uptake, translocation, accumulation, metabolism and phytotoxicity of nanoparticles. In the experimental part, the transport of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was observed. The impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on sunflower was compared to zinc sulfate and evaluated via physiological and biochemical parameters. The effect of ZnO NPs on microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was also observed. The study of mobility of CdTe QDs in sunflower showed the plants’ abillity to transport and accumulate CdTe QDs in vascular bundles. ZnO NPs were toxic for plants and negatively affected their germination and growth. This fact correlated with the change of stress markers activity, and the phytotoxic effect was even more intense in comparison to ZnSO4. On the other hand, the better uptake of zinc ions was observed under influence of ZnO NPs, than under the influence ZnSO4. This fact offers the consideration of ZnO NPs as potential fertilizer. The ZnO NPs also negatively affected growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and changed its levels of some stress metabolites.

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The thesis aims to determine the actual degradability or biodegradability of selected samples of plastic bags in a controlled composting environment as well as the impact of biodegradable plastics on the final quality of compost. The theoretical part of the work describes the characteristics of synthetic polymers. The following chapter is devoted to biodegradable plastics and outlines their types, certification options as well as the normative support in the Czech Republic. In addition, it briefly characterizes the composting process itself and defines phytotoxicity. The practical part evaluates the experiment carried out on samples of plastic bags during the composting process and summarises the result of compost quality obtained by phytotoxicity testing.

The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the behavior of herbicides in the growth of kohlrabi. The theoretical and general information on pesticides and herbicides on their behavior in the soil, phytotoxicity (plant injury) and vegetables, are presented in the beginning of the thesis. A central part deals with the differences in behavior of herbicides in soil with active ingredients metazachlor and pendimethalin, their interaction when applied in a combination and how they behave in the soil when applied separately. It also deals with the results of half-life of applied herbicides. Whether among them was a significant difference in the use of adjuvants, and what kind of effect have the irrigation influenced the experiment. It also evaluates the effect of active substances on the expression of phytotoxicity kohlrabi. The closing part is focused on the statistical evaluation of the particular options of the applied herbicides. Based on the results the hypothesis has been confirmed. The behavior of the active substances in the soil, which have been applied in the form of mixtures, was differed from the applied herbicides separately. It was found that the applied substance in the mixture have a greater effect on weed control in the crop kohlrabi , longer half-life and their effect on the crop plants is manifested phytotoxic. The significant impact on the overall evaluation has have the irrigation, which should be an integral part of the application process herbicidal compositions and a follow-up care of a vegetation.

Master s thesis deals with a topic Evaluation of compost produced at the landfill Kuchyňky in the literary section deal composting and other methods of disposal of biodegradable waste. The practical part is described Zdounky composting plant, which is located at the closed part of the body waste dump in the municipality Kitchens. Following evaluation of compost samples collected in the months of April to September 2015. The experiment was carried out according to the modified standard DIN EN 13432 Appendix E, which deals with the determination of ecotoxicological effects on higher plants. The conclusion contains a discussion, which compares the results.

This diploma thesis deals with the landfill and seepage waters from municipal landfill site. The first part is focused on theoretical description of landfill - description of landfill, division of landfills, landfill legislative requirements. In more details there is described the ecotoxicology and bisorption. The second part contains information about the landfill site Kuchyňky, description of the natural conditions of the area, the methodology that has been applied when determining the toxicity of leachate from the landfill and use of oyster mushrooms to reduce the toxicity of the leachate from the landfill. In the conclusion we evaluated the influence of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on the phytotoxicity of leachate from the landfill. We compared results of the experiment before applying of oyster mushrooms and after its application on the leachate waters.

The thesis is focused on measuring of water quality and phytotoxicity of sediments. In first part is described legislation related with water and ponds and also is determined the terms associated with this topic. Furthermore is characterized location and described places of taking samples. Samples were taken in quarterly periods and then evaluated in laboratory of Mendel university Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology. In following part are specified procedures of evaluation taken samples and evaluation results monitored parameters (amount of dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, conducti-vity, chemical oxygen demand, quantity of nitrates, nitrogen and phosphor). Phytotoxicity was evaluated by test phytotoxicity through the Phytotoxkit.

This thesis deals with measuring of water quality and phytotoxicity of sediments in the Opatovice reservoir which is situated in Vyškov, in the South Moravian Region. The first part of thesis is literary research and it is focused on related legislation, types of water, protect of water, reservoirs of water, sediments, water quality and ekotoxikology. The second part is focused on Opatovice reservoir. There is a destription of nature conditions of reservoir and its technical specifications. Last part is evaluation of selected indicators of water quality and evaluation of phytotoxicity of a sediment sample. The results of thesis shows that Opatovice reservoir has not problems with water quality and its sediment is not phytotoxic.

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of decomposition of biodegradable plastics in the conditions of domestic composting. It describes the waste management general characteristics and basic legislation. It deals with the general characteristics of plastics, focusing on biodegradable plastics and their standards. The characteristics of the composting process and phytotoxicity issues are also presented. The practical part of the diploma thesis contains the description of realization composting experiment at domestic conditions with selected samples and monitoring the experimental process. The following parameters were measured: temperature, humidity, pH of compost and meteorological data. Further, the calculation of the decay degree of the test samples and the determination of phytotoxicity by the Phytotoxkit in the composts produced during the experiment.