The recent disaster of Fukushima in Japan combined with the high demand to enhance nuclear safety and to minimize personal exposure to radioactive materials has a significant impact on research and development of radiation detection instrumentation. Currently, there is ample effort worldwide in the pursuit of radiation detection to maximize the accuracy and meet international standards in terms of size and specifications to enable radiation protection decision making. Among the requirements is the development of a portable, light-weight gamma-ray isotope identifier to be used by first responders in nuclear accidents as well as for radiation security and identification of illicit material isotopes. From nuclear security perspective, research into advanced screening technologies has become a high priority in all aspects, while for occupational safety, and environmental radiation protection, the regulatory authorities are requiring specific performance of radiation detection and measuring devices. At the applied radiation laboratory of the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, UOIT, the development of a high resolution spectrometer for medium and high energy gamma ray has been conducted. The spectrometer used a newly developed scintillator based on a LaBr3(Ce) crystal. The detector has been modeled using advanced Monte Carlo code (MCNP/X code) for the response function simulation and parameter characterization. The simulation results have been validated by experimental investigations using a wide range of gamma radiation energies. The developed spectrometer has been characterized in terms of resolution and response in different fields. It has also been compared with other crystals such as NaI(TI) and LiI(Eu). / UOIT

This study is engaged in express emergency methods to monitor internal contamination of people in the event of the radiological emergency.

<p>Испитана је тачност методе мерења<br />апсолутне активности гама емитера помоћу једног<br />гама спектрометра на већим брзинама бројања. У<br />оквиру истраживања нађен је једноставан<br />поступак за корекцију спектралних података на<br />случајне коинциденције.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Принцип коинцидентне технике и корекције<br />сумарног врха и врхова пуне енергије помоћу<br />врхова у спектру насталим само услед случајних<br />коинциденција примењен је на радиоизотопе са<br />једноставном и веома сложеном шемом. Изведене<br />су једноставне формуле за мерења активности са и<br />без корекције на ефективне угаоне корелације у<br />којима фигуришу подаци само из једног гама<br />спектра чиме је постигнута знатна једноставност у<br />техници мерења.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Резултати овог истраживања показали су да<br />се активност двофотонских гама емитера може<br />измерити помоћу HPGe детектора и дигиталне<br />спектроскопске јединице са тачношћу испод 1% на<br />разним брзинама бројања само помоћу једног<br />спектра. Резултати за изотопе са сложеном шемом<br />добијени једноставном техником указују да се<br />техника може применити на рутинска мерења где<br />грешка не превазилази 10%</p> / <p>Ispitana je tačnost metode merenja<br />apsolutne aktivnosti gama emitera pomoću jednog<br />gama spektrometra na većim brzinama brojanja. U<br />okviru istraživanja nađen je jednostavan<br />postupak za korekciju spektralnih podataka na<br />slučajne koincidencije.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Princip koincidentne tehnike i korekcije<br />sumarnog vrha i vrhova pune energije pomoću<br />vrhova u spektru nastalim samo usled slučajnih<br />koincidencija primenjen je na radioizotope sa<br />jednostavnom i veoma složenom šemom. Izvedene<br />su jednostavne formule za merenja aktivnosti sa i<br />bez korekcije na efektivne ugaone korelacije u<br />kojima figurišu podaci samo iz jednog gama<br />spektra čime je postignuta znatna jednostavnost u<br />tehnici merenja.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da<br />se aktivnost dvofotonskih gama emitera može<br />izmeriti pomoću HPGe detektora i digitalne<br />spektroskopske jedinice sa tačnošću ispod 1% na<br />raznim brzinama brojanja samo pomoću jednog<br />spektra. Rezultati za izotope sa složenom šemom<br />dobijeni jednostavnom tehnikom ukazuju da se<br />tehnika može primeniti na rutinska merenja gde<br />greška ne prevazilazi 10%</p> / <p>It has been investigated the accuracy of absolute<br />activity measurement of gamma emitters with a single<br />gamma spectrometer at higher count rates. In this<br />research it has been found relatively simple procedure<br />for random summing correction of spectral data.<br />Principle of coincidence technique and random<br />summing correction of sum peaks and full energy<br />peaks using pile up peaks is applied to measure<br />absolute activity of simple and complicated decay<br />scheme radioisotopes. Simple equations were deduced<br />for absolute activity measurements with and without<br />correction for effective angular correlations. Variables<br />in these equations are spectral data only. Great<br />simplicity is achieved in coincidence technique of<br />absolute activity measurement.<br />It was shown that absolute activity of<br />radioisotopes emitting simultaneously two gamma<br />photons can be measured with accuracy below 1% at<br />high count rates using HPGe detector and DSP<br />spectroscopy unit. Measurements of complicated<br />decay scheme radioisotopes shown that simple<br />technique is able to bring satisfactory results with<br />accuracies below 10%</p>

This research deals with equivalent dose rate (EDR) in the ground level air caused by gamma radiation. Weighting factor for gamma radiation is equal one, so EDR in the ground air is identical absorbed ionic radiation dose. Highways A6 Kaunas-Zarasai and A11 Panevėžys-Šiauliai-Palanga were investigated. In this research the main parameters determining the level of equivalent dose rate in the ground air by the Lithuanian highways have been defined and analyzed. The objective of this research is to measure EDR in the ground air by the Lithuanian highways and compare to adequate average regional and with reference to modulation values evaluate variation reasons. In the expeditions EDR in the ground air was measured in winter and in summer. Samples of soil and asphalt were examined with gamma spectrometer and analyze presented. There was determined the dependence of EDR in the ground air from soil composition, floral or snow cover and distance to the asphalt cover. Cosmic radiation impact on EDR formation is equal to all locations. Natural origin radionuclides in soil gamma radiation have the main influence to EDR formation in the ground air. Modeling program VISIPLAN was used to define impact of radionuclides radiation in asphalt cover to EDR formation in the roadside zone. Modeling program InterRAS was used to define EDR in the ground air formation from gamma radiation of radionuclide in soil.