Diploma thesis "Leaving of Czechoslovak democracy giants; comparison of media images of Tomas Garrigue Masaryk's and Vaclav Havel's death and funeral in Czech Press" aims to compare the media images of the presidents' death and funeral in broadsheet and tabloid newspapers of that time. In this matter, media analyzed the lives of these great personalities, their work, political views, their acceptance and renown abroad, their merits and their critical reception as well. The study itself is divided into two main parts. The first one being the theoretical part informs about the political and social context of the time in which Tomas Garrigue Masaryk and Vaclav Havel lived and worked and it discusses their personalities in more details. Furthermore, the methodology used in the thesis is included in this section as well, representing and explaining the method of the media research. In the second practical part, the thesis provides the characteristics of the chosen broadsheet and tabloid newspapers - Lidove noviny, Poledni list and Blesk. By using qualitative analysis the thesis seeks to determine how media presented the presidents at that time. On one hand it attempts to illustrate the parallels that linked these two personalities, on the other hand it endeavours to describe how their images differed....

Mon travail de thèse s'est attaché à étudier les effets de la diversité des litières et de la macrofaune du sol sur les communautés microbienne, sous contrainte hydrique. Dans une première partie, le suivi des communautés microbiennes associées aux feuilles de la litière (feuilles mortes) et de la phyllosphère (feuilles vivantes), pendant un an en conditions naturelles, a montré des différences marquées selon l'état physiologique de la feuille, l'importance de l'espèce végétale hôte sur les communautés microbiennes ainsi que l'évolution des communautés au cours de l'année. Une deuxième partie présente les résultats d'une expérience de décomposition en microcosmes selon deux modalités d'humidité, un gradient de dissimilarité fonctionnelle des espèces de litière, et la présence/absence d'une macrofaune détritivore. Nos résultats confortent l'importance de l'espèce végétale sur les communautés microbiennes et montrent que la présence de détritivores favorise la diversité microbienne. Enfin, une dernière partie évalue l'impact d'une diminution des précipitations et de la diversité des litières sur les communautés microbiennes lors d'une expérience de décomposition d'un an in situ, à l'aide de dispositifs d'exclusion de pluie. La composition des mélanges de litières a une influence plus marquée sur les communautés microbiennes que la baisse des précipitations. En conclusion, les résultats de mes travaux ont tendance à minorer l'effet d'une diminution des précipitations sur les communautés microbiennes, mais soulignent la sensibilité des interactions entre communauté végétale, macrofaune et microorganismes face au changement climatique. / My PhD work focused on studying the effects of litter diversity and soil macrofauna on microbial communities under water stress. In the first part, the monitoring of microbial communities associated with leaf litter (dead leaves) and phyllosphere (living leaves) for one year under natural conditions, showed marked differences depending on the physiological state of leaves, the importance of the host plant species on microbial communities and the changes of communities during the year. A second part presents the results of a microcosms decomposition experience under two humidity conditions, a functional dissimilarity gradient of litter species and the presence / absence of a detritivorous macrofauna. Our results reinforce the importance of the plant species on microbial communities and show that the presence of scavengers encourages microbial diversity. A final section assesses the impact of a decrease in precipitation and litter diversity on microbial communities in an in situ decomposition experiment during one year, using rain excluder devices . The composition of litter mixtures has a stronger influence on the microbial communities than lower rainfall. In conclusion, the results of my work tend to underestimate the effect of a decrease in precipitation on microbial communities, but emphasize the sensitivity of the interactions between plant community, macro- and micro-organisms to climate change.

The doctoral thesis deals with comparative analysis of historical examples in the search for national identity in texts of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937) and Roman Dmowski (1864-1939). Both Masaryk and Dmowski belonged to prominent representatives of public and political life in their countries at the end of the 19th and in first decades of the 20th centuries. The question of national identity is a theme often associates with their life and work. Masaryk and Dmowski influenced Czech and Polish politics, political and intellectual thought before 1914. During the First World War, they were leaders of Czechoslovak and Polish politics in West European emigration (Masaryk as the president of the Czechoslovak National Committee, Dmowski as the president of the Polish National Committee). Nevertheless, in the postwar period, their career diverged. Masaryk became president of Czechoslovakia and symbol of the Czechoslovak identity, Dmowski represented rather the opposition against mainstream development in postwar Poland. The first and the second parts of the thesis deal with Masaryk's (first part) and Dmowski's (second part) concept of historical examples in search of national identity in context of their thought and life. Therefore, these parts are organized chronologically and pay attention to...

The introductory chapters describe the reasons for the economic, social and political crisis, resulting in the unrest in Europe in the early 15th century and is shown activity Hus's predecessors Konrad Walhauser, John Milíč of Kromeriz, Matthew of Janov, Vojtech Raňkův from Ježov, Thomas Štítný of Štítné. The diploma thesis is also engaged in the work of John Wycliffe, who influenced the thinking of scholars throughout Europe, including Bohemia, where from his thoughts and opinions drew Jan Hus. The core diploma thesis is to analyze the life and the work of Jan Hus, its importance for the development of Czech history. Hus, influenced by his predecessors, became a leading critic of the Church and its influence goes beyond the 15th century. The diploma thesis shows the influence Hus's thoughts and actions in education and elementary education in the 15th and 16 century. Hus influenced the development of the Czech language and spelling. The ideas of Jan Hus had affected the brotherly unity, that followed the Hussite movement intellectually and spiritual legacy of Jan Hus thanks to John Blahoslav and John Amos Comenius. The diploma thesis deals with the reflection of Master Jan Hus and his work with prominent personalities such as František Martin Pelcl, Josef Dobrovský, Karel Havlicek Borovsky,...

The thesis Dr. Jan Herben - Journalist and Politician (1857-1936) maps the life of this distinguished journalist and politician of the late 19th and early 20th centuries from his studies till the end of his professional career. It is based on literature about Jan Herben or about the period of turn of the century, on periodicals of that time, and archive materials found in the Museum of Czech Literature in Prague and in Herben's summer house in Hostišov. It focuses mainly on the period of publishing the Čas periodical which under Dr. Jan Herben became the main daily of the Realist Party of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, on affairs linked to the publication of Čas, including the disputes over the authenticity of two ostensible early medieval Czech manuscripts, a wave of protests following publication of the first editorial Our Two Questions by Hubert Gordon Shauer, the Hilsner affair, or Dr. Jan Herben's accusation of embezzlement of funds collected for orphans in the town of Most. The thesis also briefly describes Herben's post-war journalistic career in Lidové noviny daily, in the humour weekly Nebojsa and in Národní práce daily, his career as a writer as well as a politician, MP and Senator. The introduction describes the period in which Dr. Herben lived and worked, the media situation and media...

in English The following work is about Matěj Procházka (1811-1889), an important figure of national and ecclesiastical life in Moravia in 19th century and a member of the circle around Professor František Sušil, the-so-called Sušilova družina. The detailed biography presented here is the result of historical research into resource materials from several different archives in Moravia. This work examines three main periods of Procházka's life. He spent his childhood and student years, firstly, in his native town of Brtnice, then in Jihlava and Brno. After ordination, he served as a priest for sixteen years in different parishes of Brno diocese. Then he lived in Brno for nearly forty years while working as a secondary grammar school teacher and catechist and being involved in different activities, such as the Czech national revival, Catholic associations, education, and especially, publishing. This work maps the importance of the personage of Matěj Procházka as seen by his contemporaries and by following generations up to the present. It also brings out the overall characteristics of this priest. A part of this study is a new and enlarged bibliography of Procházka's works, as writer, journalist, translator, reviewer, poet, and author of scientific and scholarly treatises. In his works, he covered a...