In turbulent water flows, large quantities of air bubbles are entrained at the free-surfaces. Practical applications of gas-liquid bubbly flows are found in Chemical, Civil, Environmental, Mechanical, Mining and Nuclear Engineering. Air-water flows are observed in small-scale as well as large-scale flow situations. Typical examples include thin circular jets used as mixing devices in chemical plants (Qw = 0.001 L/s, diameter = 1 mm) and spillway flows (Qw larger than 10,000 m3/s, flow thickness over 10 m). In each case, however, the interactions between the entrained air bubbles and the turbulence field are significant. The present manuscript regroups a collection of one book and 43 articles on the study of air bubble entrainment in turbulent flows. The work aims to gain a better understanding of the basic mechanisms of gas entrainment and the nteractions between entrained gas bubbles and the turbulence. It has been the purpose of the research work to assess critically the overall state of this field, to present new analysis and experimental results, to compare these with existing data, and to present new compelling conclusions regarding momentum and void fraction development of air-water gas-liquid bubbly flows. The manuscript presents a comprehensive analysis of the air entrainment processes in free-surface turbulent flows. The air-water flows are investigated as homogeneous mixtures with variable density. The variations of fluid density result from the non-uniform air bubble distributions and the turbulent diffusion process. Several types of air-water free-surface flows are studied : plunging jet flows, open channel flows, and turbulent water jets discharging into air.