This dissertation investigates how Japanese-language literature by Korean writers both emerged out of and stood in opposition to discourses of national language, literature, and identity. The project is twofold in nature. First, I examine the rise of Japanese-language literature by Korean colonial subjects in the late 1930s and early 1940s, reassessing the sociopolitical factors involved in the production and consumption of these texts. Second, I trace how postwar reconstructions of ethnic nationality gave rise to the specific genre of zainichi (lit. "residing in Japan") literature. By situating these two valences together, I attempt to highlight the continuities among the established fields of colonial-period literature, modern Japanese literature, and modern Korean literature. Included in my analyses is a consideration of literature written by Japanese writers in Korea, transnational media and publishing culture in East Asia, the gender politics of national language, and the ways in which kominka (imperialization) policies were neither limited to the colonized alone nor completely erased after 1945. Rather than view the boundaries between "Japanese" and "Korean" literature as fixed or self-evident, this study examines the historical construction of these categories as generative discourses embedded in specific social, material, and political conditions. I do this through close analytical readings of a wide variety of primary texts written in Japanese by both Korean and Japanese writers, while contextualizing these readings in relation to the materiality of the literary journal. I also include a consideration of the canonization process over time, and the role literary criticism has played in actively shaping national canons. Chapter 1 centers around the 1940s "Korean boom," a term that refers to the marked rise in Japanese-language works published in the metropole on Korea and its culture, written by Japanese and Korean authors alike. Through broad intertextual analyses of major Japanese literary journals and influential texts by Korean writers produced during the "Korean boom," I examine the role played by the Japanese publishing industry in promoting the inclusion of Koreans in the empire while simultaneously excluding them from the privileged space of the nation. I also deconstruct the myth of a single "Korean" people, and consider how an individual's position within the uneven playing field of colonialism may shift according to gender and class.Chapter 2 deals with the ideologies of kokugo (national language; here, Japanese) and kokumin bungaku (national literature) during the latter years of Japan's imperial rule. The major texts I introduce in this chapter include Obi Juzo's "Tohan" (Ascent, 1944), first printed in the Japanese-language journal Kokumin bungaku based in Keijo (present-day Seoul); a comparison of the kominka essays written by Yi Kwangsu in Korean and Japanese; and the short story "Aikoku kodomo tai" (Patriotic Children's Squad, 1941), written by a Korean schoolgirl named Yi Chongnae. Through these texts, I show how kokumin bungaku depended upon the inclusion of colonial writers but simultaneously denied them an autonomy outside the strictures of the Japanese language, or kokugo. In Chapter 3, I move to Occupation-period Japan and the writings of Kim Talsu, Miyamoto Yuriko, and Nakano Shigeharu. While Koreans celebrated Japan's defeat as a day of independence from colonial rule, the political status of Koreans in Korea and in Japan remained far from independent under Allied policy. I outline the complicated factors that led to the creation of a stateless Korean diaspora in Japan and highlight the responses of Korean and Japanese writers who saw these political conditions as a sign of an imperialist system still insidiously intact. In looking at Kim Talsu's fiction in particular, I am able to examine both the continuities and discontinuities in definitions of national language, literature, and ethnicity that occurred across 1945 and map out the evolving position of Koreans in Japan. Chapter 4 compares the collaboration debates that occurred in post-1945 Korea with the arguments over war responsibility that occurred in Japan in the same period, focusing on the writings of Chang Hyokchu and Tanaka Hidemitsu. Although the works of both individuals have been neglected in contemporary literary scholarship, I argue that their postwar writings reveal how Korean collaboration (ch'inilp'a) and Japanese war responsibility (senso sekinin) emerged as mutually constitutive discourses that embodied - rather than healed - the traumas of colonialism and empire. Finally, in the epilogue of this dissertation, I introduce the writings of the self-identified zainichi author Yi Yangji in order to consider how all of the historical developments outlined in the previous chapters still exist as lived realities for many zainichi Koreans even today.

This dissertation traces the discourse of emotion embodied in the lineage novel (kamun sosŏl 家門小說), a genre that circulated from the late seventeenth until the early twentieth century and was intimately related to the flourishing women’s culture of Chosŏn Korea (1392-1910). Sagas in hundreds of manuscript volumes, lineage novels trace the lives of multiple generations of established civil lineages. Comprised of stories of rise and fall of family fortunes, foreign expeditions, court intrigues, and personal confrontations that often reach cataclysmic dimension, the lineage novel is an encyclopedia of human experience and a literary form that developed in parallel to the establishment of Korea’s patriarchal lineage structure in the seventeenth century. Just as it valorizes the fundamental premises of the patriarchal lineage, the lineage novel affirms private feelings as inalienable ingredient of authentic personal histories and the fabric of domestic life. While sharing its origin with other genres of writing lineage, such as genealogies, family histories, and commemorative texts, the material shape of the lineage novel, which circulated exclusively in manuscript form, is embedded in women’s practice of vernacular calligraphy: manuscript inscriptions reveal the untiring work of female scribers who reproduced these massive texts. The novels themselves create a sophisticated conception, in which the patriarchal vision of people’s relationships is extended to account for intimacies and passions that are omitted from the Confucian norm. The early-twentieth-century chapter of the lineage novel’s history, moreover, tells us of the curious metamorphoses of literary genres and reading audiences of the time, while also providing a comparative hermeneutic angle upon the discourse of emotion in “modern” Korean literature and particularly its harbinger, Yi Kwangsu’s 1917 novel The Heartless (Mujŏng).

Although the incidence of heroin addiction among women may be rising, knowledge concerning the rates by which use is initiated and terminated remains sparse. In response to this gap, a secondary analysis has been conducted on a sample of Black methadone-maintained addicts. As the individuals included in this study are clearly self-selected, it is not possible to investigate the etiology of their addiction. Hirschi, Matza, Sutherland and Cloward provide the theoretical framework for a descriptive analysis of gender-related differentials. Bivariate and multiple discriminant analysis show significant differences between male and female clients in ties to conventional society, associates cultivated and patterns of drug use. Women in this sample develop stronger ties to the family while men are more likely to participate in the labor force. Men have more extensive criminal histories and are involved in violent and property-related crimes at greater levels than women. However, women report more extensive exposure to heroin use within the family. As anticipated, women in this sample first tried heroin at an older age and have been addicted for a shorter period of time before attempting methadone maintenance. A further series of regression and multiple discriminant analyses identifies several different patterns of experiences, centered around the clients' current living arrangements and labor force participation. These patterns may be suggestive of what can be expected while a client is maintained on methadone. The first pattern identified appears to fit into the framework provided by Hirschi. Men and women not living with family at entry to treatment, in the "fast life", have fewer ties to family and the labor force prior to addiction. They are more involved in crime. Although not indicated in the data, this pattern most likely preceeds an earlier age of addiction. Their socialization is truncated. Further ties to conventional society are not established or cultivated and criminal activity remains extensive. These clients appear to use treatment as a respite from the rigors of "hustling" and purchasing drugs. Once this life is viable again, they leave. A second set of patterns may be closer to Matza's conceptualization of drift, characterized by relatively conventional behavior along with the intermittent commission of deviant acts. Men living with their family attempt to fulfill the traditional role assigned to males, despite the difficulties faced by minority group members living in the inner city. These men have the strongest employment histories and are relatively uninvolved with the criminal justice system, both before and during addiction. They are most successful in treatment. Women who head their households apparently establish a pattern of behavior reminiscent of traditional gender-role expectations. They typically marry prior to addiction, drop out of the labor force and remain relatively removed from crime. These women appear to leave treatment only when another program offers a higher level of maintenance, perhaps due to their limited legal and illegal options. Female clients living with their spouse at entry to treatment are not clearly distinguishable from those living with children, but evidence a few distinctive aspects worth exploring. With one exception, these women have not expanded their families to include children. Their employment history is more extensive, and their marriage more likely to be established after addiction. Their higher levels of heroin use while remaining in treatment may indicate ambivalence. Several theoretical and programmatic implications can be drawn from the findings presented above. (1) The distribution by sex of the lifestyles described suggests that they "fast life" might be less accessible to women. As hypothesized by Cloward and Piven, the manner in which an addiction career is carried out may be molded by widely held expectations associated with gender. (2) While the findings indicate that female clients may have special needs, the similarities among males and females choosing a specific lifestyle could indicate specialized programs might not be the answer. Clearly, female clients in this sample have a greater need for assistance with children and may wish to train for different jobs compared with men. Yet, if program counselors are properly sensitive, these clients may be as well served within a heterosexual environment. The needs of clients in this sample to create and strengthen ties to family and the labor force go beyond sex. Given current fiscal constraints, it might be prudent to strengthen existing programs, especially in the area of vocational training, rather than establish separate facilities.

The gender order in urban India is changing rapidly. Several economic, political and sociocultural shifts have brought with them new opportunities and challenges for Indian men and women. This thesis attempts to understand some of these social and cultural changes from the perspective of a group of affluent young men in Delhi. By ethnographically studying young men and their masculinities in urban public spaces of leisure and consumption, this thesis explores some of their relatively new practices of consumption and embodied performances of gender, as well as its consequences on gendering a city space. Through focusing on newly commodified spaces like gyms, shopping malls, night clubs, bars, metro trains and cruising parks in Delhi, I argue that a politics of space, age, gender and class come together to mark men's identities, bodies as well as urban spaces, creating forms of belonging and exclusions in a neoliberal India. Within this context, I explore how ideas of what it means to be a young man are changing in a consumerist India and how this in turn shapes young men's relationships with other men, women, families and changing city spaces. Using ethnographic data collected over fourteen months of fieldwork in Delhi, along with visual and cultural analysis, this thesis lays bare the layers of masculine performances and reveals the everyday attempts at embedding and reproducing a heterosexist patriarchal social order under the guise of a 'new Indian man' and his 'new' India. In the process, I critically but empathetically explore the gendered hierarchies and anxieties that emerge in contemporary India and its consequences on various bodies and city spaces. The chief arguments are presented in five empirical chapters: 1) A 'New' Indian Man, 2) A Masculine Body, 3) Desexing a Masculine Body, 4) A Smart and Masculine City, and 5) A Safe/Unsafe City.

This thesis provides a theological reading of Judith Butler's gender theory. In dialogue with ancient and modern writers, theologians, and philosophers, I argue that Butler's gender theory is a protological theory. Butler enters the originary scene to recreate the human so that gender and sex can be perpetually reconceived in ways that reflect mundane desire. I argue that Butler's gender theory is therefore susceptible to the theological criticisms of coveting and idolatry. However, the methodological decision to structure the engagement with Butler as a dialogue does not permit unilateral criticism. The criticism levelled at Butler's thought is reversed to query a traditional theology of gender. The critique and countercritique reveal two laws in operation that result in death in life: (1) the law of desire and (2) the law of Adam and Eve. Drawing on the Apostle Paul's New Testament letter to the Romans, I offer an alternative—the law of God—that does not jettison desire or the originary creation of humanity. The ethical implications of this thesis emerge from reflecting theologically upon these three laws. I conclude by developing a chastened Christian ethics of gender that relies on a fresh understanding of gender as man-and-woman in the world, which considers human existence as good regardless of its location (pre- or post-lapsarian), while at the same time recognising that human existence is troubled by the fall. This protological grounding of man-and-woman in the world enables the theological concept of the imago Dei to be explored in relation to Christ's redemptive work, rather than the generally accepted originary terms that frame what is right or wrong gendered existence. Butler's desire of desire is not repudiated, but acknowledged theologically as fundamental to humanity's God-given vocation: one desires God's desire, which is to desire righteousness or the originary human vocation to image Jesus Christ. A Christian ethics of gender is therefore chastened as gender is reconceived theologically as a vocation of becoming like Christ—discipleship. Those who hear and are claimed by the originary divine performative utterance that man-and-woman in the world is very good are called to receive their embodied existence as (created) good, yet troubled (by the fall), yet with the hope of one's final embodied glorification in Christ.

Cao, Lida. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-141). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction: Background and Purpose of the Research --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Prostitution/sex work in China: Upsurge in an era of HIV/AIDS --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Rationale and significance of research --- p.4 / Chapter 3. --- Research framework --- p.5 / Chapter 4. --- Layout of thesis --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review: Female Sex Workers and Identity --- p.10 / Chapter 1. --- Multiple contexts locating sex workers' identities --- p.11 / Chapter 1) --- Medical discourse: identity as a byproduct of health researches on sex workers --- p.11 / Chapter 2) --- Work discourse: rising rofessionalism --- p.13 / Chapter 3) --- Gender talk: Female sex workers as women --- p.16 / Chapter 4) --- Identity conflicts & management: the arise of multiple identities --- p.18 / Chapter 2. --- Management of Stigma: Theories and empirical works --- p.21 / Chapter 3. --- A review of rostitution/sex work studies in China --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methodology --- p.31 / Chapter 1. --- Qualitative interviewing --- p.31 / Chapter 1) --- Nature and Distinctiveness --- p.32 / Chapter 2) --- Data production --- p.33 / Chapter 3) --- "The relationship, validity of data, and ethnic issues" --- p.34 / Chapter 4) --- Limitation and Weakness --- p.37 / Chapter 2. --- On-site research work --- p.38 / Chapter 1) --- Sampling --- p.39 / Chapter 2) --- Access and interview process --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- Analysis: Grounded theory approach --- p.42 / Chapter 1) --- Coding --- p.44 / Chapter 2) --- Memos --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- "Rethinking Stigma on Sex Workers: Experience, Consequences and Management" --- p.47 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter 1) --- Theoretical Framework --- p.49 / Chapter 2) --- Stigmatization of sex work in China --- p.50 / Chapter 2. --- The experience of stigmatization --- p.52 / Chapter 1) --- Role-based interaction --- p.53 / Chapter 2) --- Close interaction --- p.54 / Chapter 3) --- Casual encounters --- p.56 / Chapter 3. --- Consequences of stigmatization --- p.57 / Chapter 1) --- Depreciative self-reflection --- p.57 / Chapter 2) --- Distancing from the normal --- p.59 / Chapter 3) --- Psycho burden of disclosure --- p.60 / Chapter 4. --- Managing the Stigma --- p.61 / Chapter 1) --- Information management --- p.62 / Chapter 2) --- Normalization techniques --- p.65 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- "Exploring the “Work Identity"": Sex Workers' Identity Management in the World of Work" --- p.72 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter 1) --- "Workers, sex workers and migrant workers in China" --- p.75 / Chapter 2) --- Analytical Framework --- p.77 / Chapter 2. --- Sex work in the eyes of sex workers --- p.79 / Chapter 3. --- Managing relationships --- p.80 / Chapter 1) --- With clients --- p.80 / Chapter 2) --- With co-workers --- p.85 / Chapter 3) --- With bosses --- p.87 / Chapter 4. --- Managing the working self --- p.88 / Chapter 1) --- The health R --- p.88 / Chapter 2) --- The emotions --- p.90 / Chapter 5. --- Career Crisis and Planning Exit --- p.91 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.94 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- "“Being women"": Sex Workers' Gender Identity Construction" --- p.96 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.96 / Chapter 1) --- Theoretical framework --- p.99 / Chapter 2) --- Women' status in China --- p.101 / Chapter 2. --- Reflecting over being a woman --- p.103 / Chapter 1) --- Ideal woman imagination --- p.103 / Chapter 2) --- Ideal husband imagination --- p.105 / Chapter 3) --- Reflecting gender equality --- p.106 / Chapter 3. --- Doing gender within relations --- p.108 / Chapter 1) --- As daughters --- p.109 / Chapter 2) --- As wives --- p.112 / Chapter 3) --- As mothers --- p.116 / Chapter 4. --- The gendered self --- p.118 / Chapter 1) --- The body --- p.119 / Chapter 2) --- The soul --- p.120 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.122 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Bibliography --- p.129

This thesis identifies the price inconstancies between male and female consumer personal care products, such as razors and deodorants. Economic research suggests consumers purchase products based on their willingness to pay, which depends upon satisfaction granted from the product. If this is true, the question must be asked: what grants these consumers high satisfaction from product purchasing? To answer this question, this thesis investigates the rhetorical effect that stems from product design. Using a rhetorical criticism technique, I analyze how product design allows consumers to project their gender identity. I assert that consumers are interpellated to choose products based on their gender. Once this interpellation takes place, a constitutive rhetoric formed by the product’s design already assumes the consumer’s wants by embedding masculine or feminine ideologies. The analysis shows product design perpetuates clear gender dichotomy and fortifies the belief of gender binaries. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This dissertation takes a deep look at a first-person narrative from a man who develops complete impotence following androgen-deprivation treatment for prostate cancer. After feeling depressed for some time about what he imagined to be the permanent loss of his sexual life, the man, pseudonymously called Michael in this dissertation, tried using a strap-on dildo. Michael was surprised and pleased to find that using the dildo for sex brings him sexual satisfaction including orgasm. The dildo transforms "from object to organ" as Michael gradually comes to experience the dildo as a part of his own body. He also experiences a shift in his gendered and sexual identity, discovering that the dildo is neither a prosthetic penis nor a medical device, but a post-gendered object subject to playful interpretation. This dissertation aims to elaborate how the phenomenon presented in the case study narrative takes place, to discuss the implications this phenomenon has in a number of theoretical domains, and to apply these findings to clinical practice. It uses phenomenological elaboration and hermeneutic narrative analysis to explore the case study phenomenon. Then, the case study phenomenon is interrogated from various theoretical approaches in order to elaborate the implications of this phenomenon regarding the relationships between physical body morphology, lived embodied experience, and gender identity, the relationship between the body and sensorium-expanding technology, and the breadth and range of human sexuality. The case study narrative serves as a locus for dialogue between feminist phenomenological and feminist poststructural thought on the question of the relationship between the material body and identity, and also includes discussions of transsexuality and male lesbian identities in terms of how the case study phenomenon is related to the embodied experiences of people in these groups. The dissertation also explores how Michael's partner contributes to Michael's change in embodied experience and identity and contributes to the creation of an imaginative and playful space for sexuality to emerge, suggesting that sexuality is created in an interpersonal context rather than being located in a single person or having a particular aim or trajectory. Dissertation findings suggest that conceptual and technical playfulness, including the creation of an imaginative and playful space, may be beneficial in the clinical treatment of sexual "dysfunctions," persons with non-binary or flexible gender identities, transsexual persons, and for clinical conceptualization of sexuality and embodiment in general. Dissertation findings imply that there exists great complexity and variability in embodied experience, that the body is deeply significant for developing identity and that bodily changes may alter identity, and that sexuality is an event that emerges with others. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts / Clinical Psychology / PhD / Dissertation

Identifying factors related to adolescent sexual activity is an important issue for health care, education, and public policy. This research explores the idea that sexual identity relates to adolescent sexual activity and the riskiness of the behavior. Sexual identity is composed of many factors, including self-esteem, sexual self-efficacy, body image, and social isolation. As well, the development of sexual identity is related to age and familial relations. From a symbolic interaction perspective, the formation of sexual identity occurs through the creation of highly subjective symbols or meanings assigned to sexuality. Riskier sexual behaviors seem to occur predominantly in adolescence, and understanding the meanings associated with sexual identity may help to explain why. It was hypothesized that adolescent sexual identity would be related to whether or not adolescents had participated in sexual activity and if they had, whether such activity was safer or riskier. The data, collected from 2,373 7th through 12th graders, were part of a community-based program in a rural northwest community. Participants were divided into three groups based upon their sexual activity status of abstaining behavior, safer behavior, or riskier behavior. Group membership was determined utilizing measures of birth control use, sexually transmitted disease history, and pregnancy experience. Discriminating variables included self-esteem, sexual self-efficacy, body image, social isolation, parental monitoring, and age. Analysis revealed significant sex differences on all six discriminating variables. Stepwise discriminant function analysis found age, parental monitoring, and sexual self-efficacy to be significant contributors to the model for both sexes. The discriminant function classification, utilizing all six variables, correctly classified 93% of both females and males, illuminating the significance of sexual identity in discriminating among the groups. Older adolescents with an increased sense of sexual identity and parents who monitor their behavior, may be more inclined to participate in safer sexual behaviors. The development of sexual identity is a culmination of cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes that together help the individual see her/himself as a sexual person. The research presented here provides insight into the sexual identity of adolescents. Such knowledge may be beneficial in designing sexuality education programs designed to facilitate positive, well-developed sexual identity. / Graduation date: 1995

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Also available online.