Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [95]-102).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2006. / [School of Medicine] Department of Pathology. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006. / Prepared for: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology. Bibliography: leaves 159-173. Also available online.

Drosophila melanoqaster individuals trisomic for an entire chromosome arm can survive to late stages of pupal development. To examine gene expression in these hyperploids, the levels of five enzymes whose structural genes are located on the left arm of chromosome two have been examined both in aneuploid and in diploid strains. Elevated levels of enzyme activity were observed in larvae possessing small segmental duplications for these genes. However, in 2L trisomies, the three distally mapping loci showed compensated levels of expression close to that observed in the diploid strains. Analysis of electrophoretic variants revealed that for one of these compensated loci all three alleles were expressed in trisomies. Two proximally located genes displayed dose-dependent levels of enzyme activity. For most genes, autosomal compensation appears to be very discrete: either the expression of the gene is repressed or it is not. To extend these observations, and to determine if autosomal compensation was peculiar to the left arm of chromosome two, trisomies for the X, for 2R, and for 3L also were examined. Compensating and non-compensating loci were also found on 3L, whereas all loci examined in X-chromosomal trisomies were dosage compensated. This suggests that X-chromosomal and autosomal trisomies are not necessarily analagous. Dosage compensation in X-chromosomal trisomies (metafemales) may occur exclusively or partially by the mechanism that operates between euploid males and females. However, some compensation in X trisomies may occur by regulatory controls distinct from male-female dosage compensation as indicated by the following results. The expression of LSP-1aT a gene that normally escapes complete dosage compensation in diploid males, was fully compensated in trisomic-X larvae. Possibly, compensation of this gene in these individuals was mediated by regulatory mechanisms other than those controlling male-female dosage compensation. As such, loci that normally do not reside on the X chromosome, but which have been transposed to this chromosome, might be expected to escape compensation in metafemales. This appears to be the case; an Adh gene that had been transposed from the second to the X chromosome was expressed at a similar level (per gene) in metafemales and females. In addition, a native X-chromosomal locus appeared to be compensated between males and females, but was not compensated in X-chromosomal trisomies. Thus, some X-linked loci escape regulation by dosage compensation in metafemales. It is possible that some of the regulatory systems operating in X-chromosomal and autosomal trisomies are analagous, and reflect a common form hyperploid compensation. The level at which compensation occured was investigated by measuring the quantities of RNA produced by several genes in whole-arm trisomies. For the heat-shock gene, hsp 85. compensation for protein levels appeared to be Post-transcriptionally regulated. However, measurements of RNA synthesis on salivary gland polytene chromosomes revealed that for most of the genes compensation was transcriptionally regulated. Dosage compensation on the autosomes probably reflects the existence of a system that normally operates in diploids to control gene expression by negative regulation. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Oct. 13, 2008). Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009.

Tang Wai-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-147). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Lists of Abbreviations --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Isolation of Mas Oncogene --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Distribution of Mas Oncogene..........…… --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Developmental Expression of Mas Oncogene --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Study of Mas-deficient Mice --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Signal Transduction of Mas Oncogene --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6 --- Other Family Member of Mas Oncogene --- p.9 / Chapter 1.7 --- Mas and Angiotensin Receptor --- p.11 / Chapter 1.8 --- Angiotensin Receptors / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Classification of Angiotensin AT1 Receptor --- p.14 / Chapter 1.8.2 --- Cloning of Angiotensin Receptor --- p.15 / Chapter 1.9 --- Expression of Angiotensin Receptor / Chapter 1.9.1 --- Physiological Factors --- p.17 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Cis-regulatory Elements / Chapter 1.9.2.1 --- Organization and Regulatory Elements of AT1 Receptor --- p.19 / Chapter 1.9.2.2 --- Expression of AT1a Receptor Promoter was Induced by AP-1 and GATA-4 in Pressure Overload Model --- p.20 / Chapter 1.9.2.3 --- AT1a Receptor Reveals Three Glucocorticoid Responsive Elements --- p.22 / Chapter 1.10 --- Signal Transduction of Angiotensin Receptor --- p.22 / Chapter 1.11 --- Aim of Project --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Mas Oncogene in AR4-2J cells / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Reagents --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Enzymes --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- DNA Purification Kits --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Materials and Antibodies for Western Blot --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Others --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- DNA Extraction and Purification --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Plasmid Vector Modification and DNA Ligation --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Bacterial Transformation --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Preparation of Plasmid DNA / Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Minipreps --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Midipreps and Maxipreps --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Genomic DNA Extraction From Tissue and Cell Culture --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- RT-PCR Cloning of Mas Oncogene --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Construction of Full Length Mas cDNA into pBluescript® II SK Vector --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Southern Blot Analysis / Chapter 2.2.11.1 --- Preparation of DIG-labeled Mas Probe --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.11.2 --- Enzyme Restriction of Genomic DNA --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.11.3 --- Transferring DNA to Nylon Membrane --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.11.4 --- Prehybridization and Hybridization --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.11.5 --- Post-hybridization Washes and Blocking --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.11.6 --- Detection --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.12 --- DNA Sequencing / Chapter 2.2.12.1 --- Manual Sequencing --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.12.2 --- Autosequencing --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.12.3 --- Sequencing Primers --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.13 --- Cell Culture --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.14 --- Protein Assay by Modified Lowery --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.15 --- SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.60 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Analysis of Transfected Mas Cell Lines / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Cell Culture and Transfection / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Cell Culture --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Transfection Optimization --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Fluorescent SEAP Assay --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- Transient Transfection --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.2.5 --- Stable Cell Line Construction --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Protein Assay ESL --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Analysis --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Preparation of an AT1a Receptor Internal Standard for Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis / Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Preparation of an AT1a Receptor cDNA by RT-PC --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Cloning of AT1A Receptor cDNA into pBluescript® II SK Vector --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.5.3 --- Autosequence of pBluescript® II SK Vector/AT1AR --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.5.4 --- Preparation of 100 bp Deleted AT1a Receptor cDNA by RT- PCR --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.5.5 --- Cloning of Deleted AT1a R cDNA into pCAPs Vector --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Construction of Full Length Mas cDNA into pOPRSVI/MCS Operator Vector --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Preparation of an Mas Internal Standard for Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis / Chapter 3.2.7.1 --- Preparation of 100 bp Deleted Mas cDNA by RT- PCR --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.7.2 --- Cloning of 100 bp Deleted Mas cDNA into pCAPs Vector (Mas/pCAPs) --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis of AT1A R Expression --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis for the Expression of Mas --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussions --- p.100 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Cloning of AT1A Receptor Promoter / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Materials --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Genomic DNA Extraction From Rat Pancreas --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Nest PCR Amplification of 3.2, 2.8 and 1.4kb AT1a Receptor Promoter" --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- PCR Amplification of 2.2 kb Aproximal Portion of AT1a Receptor Promoter --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Construction of PCR Fragment of Angiotensin Receptor Promoter into Various Vector --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- pSEAP2-Basic --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- pBluescript® II SK Vector --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- PCR Cloning Kit (pCAPs vector) --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2.5.4 --- PCR-TRAP Cloning System --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Direct PCR Analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Autosequencing of PCR Fragment of AT1A Receptor Promoter --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussions --- p.130 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- General Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter Appendix 1 --- Composition of Solutions --- p.133 / Chapter Appendix 2 --- Published Abstract --- p.141 / References --- p.142

Lam Kwok Lim. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-126). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Presentations Derived from the Present Thesis Work --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.vii / Abbreviation Table for Amino Acids --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xii / Contents --- p.xiii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Metallothionein (MT) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Classification of MT --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Structure of MT --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Structure of MT Genes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Function of MT --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Regulation of MT Expression --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Fish MT --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.7. --- Aims and Rationale of the Present Study --- p.12 / Chapter 2 --- MT mRNA Induction of Tilapia After Intraperitoneal Injection of Metal --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Specific Aims of This Chapter --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Regents --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Purification of Total RNA --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Denaturing Gel and Vacuum Blotting of RNA (Northern Blotting) --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Hybridization --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Methods --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Purification of Total RNA --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Vacuum Blotting of Total RNA (Northern Blotting) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Radioactive Labeling of Nucleic Acid Probes --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Hybridization --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Densitometric Analysis --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Calculation of MT mRNA Levels and Analysis of Results --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Endogenous MT mRNA Expression of Juvenile Tilapia and Carp --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Induction of MT mRNA Juvenile Tilapia and Carp Injected with Metals --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Endogenous Levels of MT mRNA in Tilapias in Normal Conditions --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Induction of MT mRNA Levels in Juvenile Tilapia Injected with Metals --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Copper Injection --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Zinc Injection --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Cadmium Injection --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Induction of MT mRNA Levels in Juvenile Carp with Zinc Injection --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- MT mRNA Expression of Tilapia and Carp Injected with Metals --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions --- p.29 / Chapter 3 --- Induction Level of MT mRNA in Tilapia After Aqueous Exposure to Metals --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Specific aims of this chapter --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Material s and Methods --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 96hours LC-50 values for zinc and copper --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Induction of MT mRNA in Juvenile Tiapias under Metal Aqueous Exposures --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Calculation of Fold Induction of MT mRNA and Analysis of Results --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Metal Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- LC-50 values of metals for Juvenile Tilapia --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Induction of MT mRNA in Juvenile Tilapia under Metal Aqueous Exposures --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Aqueous Exposure to Copper --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Aqueous Exposure to Zinc --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Aqueous Exposure to Cadmium --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Induction of MT mRNA in Juvenile Carp after Aqueous Exposures to Metal --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Aqueous Exposure to Cadmium --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Metal Concentrations of Water Samples from the Aquaria in the Metal Exposure Test of Tilapia and Carp --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- LC-50 values of Metals for Tilapia --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- MT mRNA Expression of Tilapias under Metal Aqueous Exposure --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Normalization of the Signals of Northern Blot Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.48 / Chapter 4 --- Field Study --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Specific Aims of this Chapter --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sampling Sites --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Harvest of Feral Tilapia --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Determination of Metal Concentration of Metal Concentration in the Tissues of Feral Tilapia --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Endogenous MT mRNA Levels Using Northern Blot Analysis --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Calculation of MT mRNA Levels and Analysis of Results --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Metal Concentrations in the Tissues of Feral Tilapia --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Comparison of Metal Concentrations Among Different Tissues of Feral Tilapia --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- MT mRNA Levels in the Tissues of Feral Tilapia --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Correlation Between Metal Concentrations and Endogenous MT mRNA Levels in the Tissues of Feral Tilapia --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Bioaccumulation of Metals --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Endogenous Levels of MT mRNA in the Feral Tilapia --- p.67 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.68 / Chapter 5 --- Cloning of Tilapia MT Genes --- p.86 / Chapter 5.1 --- Specific Aims of This Chapter 、 --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Regents --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Preparation of Plasmid DNA --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Preparation of Genomic DNA --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.1.4 --- Vacuum Blotting of DNA (Southern Blotting) --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.1.5 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.1.6 --- Transformation of E.coli Competent Cells --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.1.7 --- Nucleotide Sequence Determination --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.1.8 --- List of Primers --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.1.8.1 --- Primers for Nucleotide Sequence Determination --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.1.8.2 --- Tilapia MT Specific Primers for PCR --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Methods --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Preparation of Plasmid --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Preparation of Genomic DNA --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- Preparation of Enzyme Digestion --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.2.4 --- Vacuum Blotting of Genomic DNA (Southern Blotting) --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.2.5 --- Radioactive Labeling of Nucleic Acid Probes --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.2.6 --- Hybridization --- p.93 / Chapter 5.2.2.7 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.93 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Southern Blot Analysis of Tilapia Genomic DNA --- p.93 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Analysis of the Sequences of Tilapia MT Genes --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2.4.1 --- Amplification of MT Genes Using PCR --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2.4.2 --- Cloning of the MT Genes --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2.4.3 --- Transformation of E.coli Competent Cell --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2.4.4 --- Nucleotide Sequence Determination --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Southern Blot Analysis of Tilapia Genomic DNA --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Amplification of MT Gene Fragments Using PCR --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Analysis of the Sequences of Tilapia MT Genes --- p.96 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.96 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Fish MT Genes --- p.96 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions --- p.98 / Chapter 6 --- General Discussion --- p.104 / References --- p.107