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The aim of this thesis was to analyze the genetic foundation of color in a selected population of horses in Czech Republic. For the analysis, I chose horse breed Paint horse. I characterized this breed, dealing with pigmentation and characteristic colors and patterns in the Paint horse. I also described the methods that I then used in the practical part. It was collected 11 blood samples from horses, in which was detected the presence of KIT gene mutation.

Seed vigor was evaluated as germination percentage at low temperature (10 °C) and drought (-0,2 MPa), and also as germination parameters (energy, rate and index). 133 double-haploid lines (DHL) and their parents were evaluated in six environments. The total variation consisted of 51% by environments, 8% by lines and 37% by their interaction. The better parents showed higher vigor when harvested in worse location. The other parameters were controlled similarly (34,7 -- 41,0% location, 24,9 -- 32,9% year and 8 -- 37% by the lines. The results can be used as support for breeding for higher grain vigor not only for better agronomic but also for higher malting value.

<p>U oblasti ispitivanja individualnih razlika, bihejvioralno&ndash;genetička paradigma predstavlja nezamenljivo sredstvo kako za utvrđivanje etiologije određenog fenomena, tako i za specifikovanje prirode odnosa između različitih ispitivanih konstrukata. Jedan od ciljeva ovog istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje doprinosa genskih i sredinskih činilaca fenotipskim individualnim razlikama na različitim merama kognitivnih sposobnosti, koje obuhvataju op&scaron;tu kognitivnu sposobnost i egzekutivne funkcije. Pored toga, istraživanje se bavilo i ispitivanjem odnosa između različitih mera egzekutivnih funkcija i izvorima kovariranja među njima, kao i u kakvom su odnosu različite mere egzekutivnih funkcija s merom op&scaron;te kognitivne sposobnosti. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 404 blizanca (123 para monozigotnih i 79 parova dizigotnih blizanaca), istog i različitog pola, koji su odrasli zajedno. Egzekutivne funkcije procenjivane su Viskonsin testom sortiranja karata, Testom pravljenja traga&ndash;forma B, Testom verbalne fluentnosti, kao i putem dva računarski podržana zadatka, namenjena proceni sposobnosti Inhibicije i sposobnosti Mentalnog &scaron;iftinga/fleksibilnosti. Za merenje op&scaron;te kognitivne sposobnosti (g&ndash;faktora) primenjene su Progresivne matrice za napredne. Rezultati dobijeni u ovom istraživanju sugeri&scaron;u značajnu gensku determinisanost moždanih struktura koje leže u osnovi postignuća na različitim testovima kognitivnih sposobnosti. Sa izuzetkom nekoliko mera, gotovo svi ispitivani fenotipovi su pokazali izvestan genski doprinos koji se kretao u intervalu od niskog do visokog nivoa. Preostali deo varijanse individualnih razlika na ovim merama obja&scaron;njen je uticajem faktora nedelje sredine. Kada je u pitanju etiologija<br />Nasledni i sredinski činioci kognitivnih sp osobnosti iv<br />kovariranja različitih egzekutivnih mera međusobno i njihovo kovariranje sa konstruktom op&scaron;te kognitivne sposobnosti, rezultati ovog istraživanja sugeri&scaron;u da je ono, u najvećem stepenu, genskog porekla. I dok u osnovi sličnosti/jedinstva kori&scaron;ćenih kognitivnih mera stoji u prvom redu deljena genska varijansa, njihovu partikularnost/različitost određuje specifična nedeljena sredina. Dobijeni rezultat o postojanju jednog op&scaron;teg genskog faktora, koji se izdvaja u slučaju različitih egzekutivnih mera, govori, bar jednim delom, u prilog tezi o jedinstvu različitih egzekutivnih mera i o postojanju zajedničke bazične sposobnosti koja leži u njihovoj osnovi, dok specifični genski uticaji, zajedno sa specifičnom nedeljenom sredinom govore u prilog različitosti svake od ovih mera.</p>

The purple color of the caryopses in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an example of the countless diversity of the Mother Nature. Red and white caryopses are typical in common wheat. Genotypes with purple caryopses are also described. This coloring is caused by anthocyanins which deposit in the pericarp (purple). The anthocyanins biosynthetic pathway is well described. The key enzyme is chalcone synthase (CHS). It catalyzes the first step. We observed the deposition of anthocyanins in the pericarp, the expression of a chalcone synthase gene and the amount of the major anthocyanin - cyanidin-3-glycoside (pericarp of purple caryopses) and delphinidin 3 gycoside during caryopsis development. Purple pigment deposition was not homogeneous and/or uniform. At first, small isolated spots of purple color were formed and thereafter they expanded. The expression of chalcone synthase mRNA occurred five days before pigment deposition and finished earlier than expected. Amounts of cyanidin-3-glycoside increased continuously. Amounts of these fell at the end of caryopses development probably due to formation of more complex substances, process which is described as copigmentation.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the development and subsequent construction of the device whose function is measuring and evaluating physical activity of insects. This instrument is unique in the Czech Republic and will be able to record physical activity of insects by using a video camera. Later that it will be able in this video shot back to reconstruct kinematic and statistical data about the movement of insects with software which is developed with Visual Basic .NET. On the base sufficient od obtained data it can be used to verify the premise of biologists about nervous systém, brain function and behavioral of Drosophila Melangostar which is more than a century used as model for genetics experiments. Finally, the conclusion compares the result of previously known and available software solutions in the world of biology, which are still used as a source for the results of performed experiments.

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No description available.

No description available.