Bibliography: leaves 77-82.

Includes abstract. / Includes bibliographical references. / Cogeneration is a promising technological option for SA and the world at large. This technologypermits the combined production of two forms of energy from a single fuel source. This possibility isadvantageous in industry where electricity and process heat can be produced with outstanding efficiency. It has been shown to offer sizable energy savings and cost advantages in a wide variety ofindustries around the world. Despite these attractive benefits SA‘s use of cogeneration remainslimited. In addition the true potential for cogeneration in SA has not been properly quantified. This represents a significant shortfall in our understanding of the future of the SA energy system. The integrated resource plan for electricity (2012) presents findings that 2GW of cogeneration capacity can be realised by 2020. This figure is unconfirmed and the sources of this proposed cogenerationdevelopment have not been scrutinized. These research gaps must be explored if SA is to realise itscogeneration potential. This research seeks to investigate the potential for cogeneration in SA. A research method was developed specifically to determine what cogeneration currently exists in SA and how much capacity could be developed into the future.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-129) / Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are a new supervised classification technique that has its roots in statistical learning theory. It has gained popularity in fields such as machine vision, artificial intelligence, digital image processing and more recently remote sensing. The three commonly used SVMs include linear, polynomial and radial basis function (i.e. Gaussian) classifiers.

Includes bibliographical references / Extending sites of education is an architectural design-research project that takes a typological approach to the upgrade of existing old-stock public schools in Cape Town. The focus is on parallel linear-block type schools built in neighbourhoods in the 1960s-80s. The defining decision was to extend existing schools, both spatially and programmatically, through a set of patterns that have relevance at multiple sites of similar condition. Rather than design a model, which may compound the problem of a-contextual school buildings, the project explores an architectural strategy that balances between the generic and the particular. Thus, although the design elements may be replicable, the architectural intervention helps to ground the school in its urban context. The new programme is intended to support and broaden the existing schools to enrich their role as places of learning and create opportunity for the campus to be shared with the community. Montagu's Gift Primary School in Grassy Park was selected as a case study to exemplify this approach.

Roelof Sarel Uytenbogaardt who died in 1998 was, and remains, an important and influential figure in the disciplines of architecture and urban design in South Africa. As a prolific practitioner and academic at the University of Cape Town his influence has been far-reaching. Making use of previously unexamined archival material, this study examines - in detail - the extent of this influence. Importantly the thesis seeks to situate Uytenbogaardt’s work in relation to the rise of apartheid and speculates about the persistence of modernism in contemporary spatial practice. Through examining both the conception and reception of Uytenbogaardt’s buildings and urban plans, the work locates modernist approaches to design prevalent in architecture and urban design as products of apartheid modernity. The controversial and contested nature of Uytenbogaardt’s works provides space for critical analysis and this is evident in the uneven reception of his projects. Architects and urban designers revere him as a ‘master’ while pubic sentiment has very often been strongly negative. This is most strikingly evident in the case of the recent proposed destruction of one of Uytenbogaardt’s most controversial works, the Werdmuller Centre. Constructed in the 1970s after forced removals in Cape Town’s suburb of Claremont, since 2007 architects and urban designers have argued passionately for its retention as an example of ‘timeless’ modernist heritage. Through this and other examples, the thesis explores the complexities presented by professional practice in architecture and urban design in the context of designing buildings for designated publics under apartheid. It argues that the work of practitioners and academics such as Uytenbogaardt is intimately linked to the social crisis of apartheid and that the resultant relationship is one of the complex and interrelated crises of modernist design that persist in post-apartheid South Africa.

Bibliography: p. 160-167.

This dissertation draws on the experience of the third culture kid to set up a design approach for adaptive reuse. The third culture kid is someone who has lived outside of their culture/ country of origin for majority of the developing years and as a result experiences the sense of belonging or not belonging to multiple cultures to form personal identity. The Old Castle Brewery complex in Woodstock, Cape Town offers a viable site for this exploration which involves theories of isolation and integration, hybridity, and the rhizome. A connection is made between the author's Iranian Islamic culture of origin and the site through qualities of brickwork, light and courtyards.

Includes bibliographical references. / This dissertation aims to engage critically with the commercial wine estate typology in the Stellenbosch wine region in the Western Cape. The social problems faced by farm workers in the region calls for a re-interpretation of the winery typology to ensure a more socially sustainable future for the viticultural industry in South Africa. In order to achieve this, the general state of the commercial wine estate in the region will be read in relation to aspects such as heritage, social responsibility and spatial relationship to urban areas and farm worker communities. To develop this new typology, a site with agricultural potential and a direct connection to an urban farm workers settlement will be used. The potential of the urban environment will be analysed in relation to the existing facilities in the community to determine a solution for a new typology of winery which will bridge the divide between community and the farm in such a way where it will be beneficial for both and through this create a new social structure for the wine estate. The possibility of an densified wine cooperative will be investigated. The design will consist of a large scale urban framework for the wine cooperative and a detailed design of the winery within the context of the new cooperative.

This thesis is based on the proposition that there is an emerging phenomenon of tectonic hybridisation in contemporary architecture in Africa where global and local ways of making are being combined. A growing awareness of this tendency was informed by an extended period of practicing, teaching, and re - searching architectural technology in Africa. I embarked on a directed search for examples that demonstrate this, but I soon realised that they are shaped by ongoing tectonic transitions that highlight the encounters between techno and technē, between the global and the local, and between the global North and the global South. These binaries can and should be contested, and this study seeks to understand the underpinnings and tectonic strategies of buildings that demonstrate evidence of this contestation. The phenomenon of tectonic hybridisation was interrogated as a case study using mixed methods consisting of literature reviews, the identification, investigation and cataloguing of works, and the analysis of key projects through primary sources and visual research methods. The literature review explored different positions related to technē, technology and tectonics, and consid - ered theories that range from Bhabha's reading of hybridisation to Frampton, Lefaivre and Tzonis' development of Critical Regionalism. In parallel, a cata - logue of buildings that exhibit a tendency towards hybridisation was produced and developed into an open access website. Subsequent analysis of this un - covered common strategies across projects which could be located within the spectrum of global and local tectonics. Further examination revealed buildings that share similar tectonic strategies, which often coalesce into constellations, and key projects within these were identified for more detailed investigation. Data was gathered through personal interviews with the architects, site visits, seminars, additional literature review, and in some instances, through co-pro - duction. The data was then analysed further through cross-comparison in the form of tables, discursive textual comparison, and visual research methods. As a result of these investigations, a significant number of works that signal a shift towards hybridisation are revealed. Further analysis clarifies their tectonic strategies, their ethical underpinnings, and how they relate to this transitional shift. A set of criteria is proposed as a measure for recognising, studying, and evaluating contemporary architecture in Africa. The prospect of this work is to extend the field into the further investigation of hybrid tectonics.

Migration has long been an important phenomenon shaping the demographic profile of South Africa, and migration and labour are often considered to be intrinsically linked. The push–pull theory of migration, which still tends to dominate gravity-based migration modelling as well as academic thinking, is grounded on the assumption that migration is a functional and inevitable outcome of spatial inequality. Economic drivers of migration are most frequently used to explain population movements in the South African context, given, especially, that slow and uneven economic growth, economic disparities, inequality and unemployment persist as some of the country's biggest socio-economic challenges. Urban living holds the promise of employment prospects and improved conditions, and thus the basic premise of many micro-level models of migrant decision-making is that migration occurs with the expectation of being better off in doing so. The research design of this study set out to empirically investigate the theoretical perspective of the push–pull model of migration from an economic and settlement-based standpoint, and makes novel contributions to the disciplines of Geography, Geographical Information Science, and Urban and Regional Planning. The ultimate aim was to establish a settlement-level perspective of the spatial relationship between economic output (as a measure of economic performance) and working-age population change in South Africa between the Census years of 2001 and 2011. To support the settlement-level analysis scale, special attention was paid to sourcing fine-resolution economic and population datasets covering both the national spatial extent, as well as the tenyear temporal analysis window, and applying advanced GIS methods and techniques to prepare, align, analyse and visualise these datasets. In addition, traditional non-spatial statistical analyses were also employed to measure and quantify the relationship using a correlation-based research approach. Furthermore, the research also proposed a novel way of classifying settlements in South Africa, according to their economic profiles. Based on the research findings, the study identified eight broad settlement types in South Africa, according to an economically profiled settlement classification typology. Population change in the working-age population was found to have a positive statistically significant association with economic performance at settlement level in South Africa. This relationship proved to be multifaceted, given the complex nature of the South African economic landscape at settlement level, with considerable variability (based on the strength of the relationship) between different settlement types. While none of the settlement types exhibited a very strong relationship between economic performance and population change, several settlement types did indicate a moderate to strong association, while other settlement types were shown to have negligible to weak associations. Furthermore, in certain settlement types, some demographic groups, based on age, gender, employment status, and skill level, were found to have markedly higher associations with the economy than others. In its empirical contribution towards evidence-based decision-making, especially in the domain of urban and regional planning, the research findings are valuable in helping to support future policy and development interventions so that development planning can be more successfully targeted and more sensitive to the local South African context, given that South Africa has an intricate history of labour migration, and labour-force participation is a key factor for individuals to improve their socio-economic status. The study highlights important spatial linkages between economic opportunities and patterns of population change in South Africa, and defines and explores a new perspective of this relationship at settlement level. The results of this study further reinforce the literature, that nuanced and dynamic interplays are evident between the push and pull factors influencing population-change dynamics, in that, on its own, economic performance was not found to be a definitive predictor of population change or migration likelihood at settlement level.