OSÓRIO, Frederico Moreira. Estudo populacional do cavalo-marinho HIPPOCAMPUS REIDI GINSBURG, 1933 (TELEOSTEI: SYNGNATHIDAE) em dois estuários cearenses. 2008. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciencias Marinhas Tropicais) - Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2008. / Submitted by Debora Oliveira (deby_borboletinha@hotmail.com) on 2011-12-07T17:53:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_fmosorio.pdf: 3361733 bytes, checksum: 107c0f8f4e10ff5ec9e9761b74c6466f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nadsa Cid(nadsa@ufc.br) on 2011-12-07T17:56:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_fmosorio.pdf: 3361733 bytes, checksum: 107c0f8f4e10ff5ec9e9761b74c6466f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-07T17:56:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_fmosorio.pdf: 3361733 bytes, checksum: 107c0f8f4e10ff5ec9e9761b74c6466f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Seahorses are bony fishes included in the Hippocampus genus. Many aspects of their biology make them extremely vulnerable to overexploitation. The intense commerce and habitat degradation allied to their biology, contribute to the decline of their populations. Considering the level of threat to these animals around the world and their relevance as a “flagship species”, studies concerning their ecology are extremely important. The purpose of this study was to determine spatial and temporal distribution of the abundance of Hippocampus reidi at the Pacoti and Malcozinhado rivers, registering also other ecological aspects of the species. Transects with an area of 100 m2 were conducted along the riverbanks. Each river was divided into two stations with increasing distances from the sea. The mean density determined was of 0,008 individuals/m2. The Pacoti River showed a significantly higher mean density when compared to the Malcozinhado River (p=0,019). There was no difference between the two stations in the Pacoti River, while in the Malcozinhado an evident difference was noticed. Both rivers showed a decreasing trend in the densities during the study, but the differences were not significant (p=0,33 and p=0,41, for Pacoti and Malcozinhado, respectively). No seazonal variation in abundance was determined. The animals from the Pacoti River were significantly higher than those from the Malcozinhado (p=0,027). Sez ratio was 1:1, and males were higher on average than the females (p=0,013). Black and brown colored seahorses were more abundant than other colors. The roots of Laguncularia racemosa were preferably chosen as anchoring substrata. The present study showed that environmental differences on the estuaries, such as mangrove areas, discharge volume and vulnerability to impacts might cause differences in the abundance of H. reidi. The adequate management of this threatened species depend strongly on a good knowledge of its ecology. / Os cavalos-marinhos são peixes ósseos do gênero Hippocampus. Algumas características deste grupo os tornam bastante vulneráveis a sobreexploração. O intenso comércio e a degradação de seus habitats aliados aos seus aspectos biológicos, contribuem para o declínio de suas populações. Diante da ameaça que estes animais estão sujeitos em todo o mundo e da sua relevância como espécie bandeira, é de fundamental importância estudos a respeito de sua ecologia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal da abundância de Hippocampus reidi nos rios Pacoti e Malcozinhado, além de documentar características ecológicas desta espécie na natureza. Foram realizados transectos com área de 100 m2 ao longo das margens dos dois rios. Cada rio foi dividido em duas estações com distâncias crescentes do mar, estas distâncias eram aproximadamente equivalentes nos dois estuários. A densidade média verificada foi de 0,008 indivíduos/m2. O rio Pacoti apresentou uma densidade média significativamente superior à do rio Malcozinhado (p = 0,019). O Pacoti não apresentou diferença de densidade no gradiente de distância do mar, sendo que o mesmo não ocorreu com o Malcozinhado. Os dois rios apresentaram uma pequena diminuição nas densidades em um intervalo de aproximadamente 3 anos, mas sem diferença significativa (p = 0,33 e p = 0,41, para o Pacoti e Malcozinhado, respectivamente). Foi observado que não há variação sazonal na abundância de cavalos-marinhos. Os indivíduos avistados no rio Pacoti apresentaram altura significativamente superior aos do rio Malcozinhado (p = 0,027). A razão sexual foi de 1:1, onde os machos apresentaram altura média superior à das fêmeas (p = 0,013). Os indivíduos de coloração preta e marrom foram os mais abundantes. As raízes de Laguncularia racemosa foi o substrato de apoio preferido dos animais avistados. Este estudo demonstrou que diferenças ambientais nos estuários como área do manguezal, vazão fluvial e vulnerabilidade a impactos ambientais podem causar diferença na abundância de H. reidi e que o conhecimento de aspectos ecológicos destes animais na natureza é de fundamental importância na elaboração de planos de manejo para esta espécie.

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The study begins with an account of Blake, as voiced by Allen Ginsberg, taking part in a key Sixties anti-war protest, and goes on to examine some theoretical aspects of Blake's relationship with the Sixties. In Chapter One, I explore the relationship between ‘popular Blake', ‘academic Blake', and ‘countercultural Blake'. The chapter seeks to provide a revisionist account of the relationship between Blake's Sixties popularity and his earlier reception, suggesting that all three elements of Blake's Sixties reception – popular, academic and countercultural – have long been intertwined, and continue to interact in the Sixties themselves. In Chapters Two and Three, I focus in detail on Allen Ginsberg as a central figure not only in Blake's countercultural popularization, but also in the creation of Sixties counterculture itself. The first of these chapters, ‘Visionary Blake, Physical Blake, Psychedelic Blake', looks in detail at Ginsberg's 1948 ‘Blake vision' and the way Ginsberg later uses it to construct a Blakean narrative for the Sixties. I examine the significant differences between the versions of this event presented in Ginsberg's early poems and in his later prose and interview accounts, and Ginsberg's consequent attempts to develop a general theory of poetry in which the specific effects of Blake's poetry on the consciousness are compared to those of psychedelic drugs. Finally, I suggest that there are analogies between this ‘psychedelic' approach to Blake and the interest that Aldous Huxley had in using psychedelics to access Blake's own visionary state of consciousness. Chapter Three, ‘Ginsberg's Blakean Albion', analyses a selection of Ginsberg's poems, all linked to Blake's myth of Albion. I use these poems to examine the tensions present within the three-way relationship between Blake, Ginsberg and British counterculture. Particular attention is given to Ginsberg's poem ‘Wales Visitation' (1967), a work which I suggest is founded on the joint Romantic inheritance of Blake and Wordsworth, and which demonstrates the ways in which various strands of British Romanticism interact both within Ginsberg's poetry and within the broader Sixties counterculture. The final chapter of the study examines various aspects of the relationship between Blake and Bob Dylan, demonstrating the extent of Blake's influence on Dylan, but also tackling the surprisingly complicated and problematic question of the route(s) by which Blake arrives in Dylan's work.

The unexpected comparison of a Supreme Court Justice with a popular culture icon demonstrates how politics and popular culture become entwined in the contemporary context; moreover, network culture provides a conduit for vernacular discourse about politics, which circulates in the style of popular culture. Through analysis of images of Ruth Bader Ginsburg as created, shared, and circulated in network culture, this project explores the alternative levels of discourse generated in network culture, examines the ways the public represents politics, and explains the ability of political subjects to affect meaning. The aim of this project is to document a conjunctural moment; as such, analysis of the images in aggregate provides a foundation to raise questions about how American political culture is manifested, attended to, and maintained through network culture and the parlance of popular culture. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Bowling Green State University, 2007. / Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 182 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University, 1984. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2853. Typescript. A review of two translations from Russian into English by Carl Proffer and Mirra Ginsburg, respectively, of "Rokovye i︠a︡ĭt︠s︡a" by Mikhail Bulgakov. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-127).

This paper examines whether Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg demonstrates any evidence of a "feminine voice" in her opinions. There has been much jurisprudential literature written recently regrading the possible existence of a "feminine voice." This paper surveyes the literature and defines what is meant by a "feminine voice." The paper proceeds to analyze some of Justice Ginsburg's opinions to determine if a "feminine voice" is present. This study focuses on four areas of law the literature suggests evidence of a "feminine voice" might be found: cases involving gender, race, the Establishment Clause, and physician-assisted suicide. With the exception of cases concerning race, no evidence of a "feminine voice" was found. In race cases, there is evidence to suggest that Justice Ginsburg arrives at her decision in a way that is different from her male colleagues. The lack of evidence of a "feminine voice" in the other areas does not mean that no such voice exists; rather, it is just not present in all of the decisions written by Justice Ginsburg. The paper concludes that, at least in cases involving race, Justice Ginsburg does reason in a "feminine voice." While this is a narrow finding, the fact that there is evidence of a "feminine voice," at least in some cases, suggests that gender does play a role in judicial decision-making at the United States Supreme Court level. / Department of Political Science

We study the fluctuation effects in the seminal cyclic predator-prey model in population dynamics due to Robert May and Warren Leonard both in the zero-dimensional and two-dimensional spatial version. We compute the mean time to extinction of a stable set of coexisting populations driven by large fluctuations. We see that the contribution of large fluctuations to extinction can be captured by a quasi-stationary approximation and the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) eikonal ansatz. We see that near the Hopf bifurcation, extinctions are fast owing to the flat non-Gaussian distribution whereas away from the bifurcation, extinctions are dominated by large fluctuations of the fat tails of the distribution. We compare our results to Gillespie simulations and a single-species theoretical calculation. In addition, we study the spatio-temporal pattern formation of the stochastic May--Leonard model through the Doi-Peliti coherent state path integral formalism to obtain a coarse-grained Langevin description, i.e. the Complex Ginzburg Landau equation with stochastic noise in one complex field. We see that when one restricts the internal reaction noise to small amplitudes, one can obtain a simple form for the stochastic noise correlations that modify the Complex Ginzburg Landau equation. Finally, we study the effect of coupling a spatially extended May--Leonard model in two dimensions with symmetric predation rates to one with asymmetric rates that is prone to reach extinction. We show that the symmetric region induces otherwise unstable coexistence spiral patterns in the asymmetric May--Leonard lattice. We obtain the stability criterion for this pattern induction as we vary the strength of the extinction inducing asymmetry. This research was sponsored by the Army Research Office and was accomplished under Grant Number W911NF-17-1-0156. / Doctor of Philosophy / In the field of ecology, the cyclic predator-prey patterns in a food web are relevant yet independent to the hierarchical archetype. We study the paradigmatic cyclic May--Leonard model of three species, both analytically and numerically. First, we employ well--established techniques in large-deviation theory to study the extinction of populations induced by large but rare fluctuations. In the zero--dimensional version of the model, we compare the mean time to extinction computed from the theory to numerical simulations. Secondly, we study the stochastic spatial version of the May--Leonard model and show that for values close to the Hopf bifurcation, in the limit of small fluctuations, we can map the coarse-grained description of the model to the Complex Ginsburg Landau Equation, with stochastic noise corrections. Finally, we explore the induction of ecodiversity through spatio-temporal spirals in the asymmetric version of the May--Leonard model, which is otherwise inclined to reach an extinction state. This is accomplished by coupling to a symmetric May-Leonard counterpart on a two-dimensional lattice. The coupled system creates conditions for spiral formation in the asymmetric subsystem, thus precluding extinction.

The study was conducted in the Estuarine Complex of Vaza-Barris River, an area near to city of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil. The aim of this study is to analyze the pattern of occurrence, population structure and ecological aspects of H. reidi in order to find out ways for the conservation of these animals. In total 21 monthly samplings from September 2013 to May 2015 were carried out. 473 observations of seahorses were done in three sampling points: Riacho da Baleia point (total of 279 observations), Viral point (total of 105 observations) and Caruara point (total of 89 observations). The length of the seahorses observed ranged from 2.1 cm to 19.2 cm, and the overall length mean was 14.4 cm. All over the sample period more male individuals than female individuals were found likewise more adult individuals than juveniles. The population density showed significant differences according to the collection point, but this has not varied significantly over time. Individuals have been found in stage of the reproductive cycle in almost every month of sampling, and the reproductive peaks occurred in February 2014, July 2014 and October 2014. Starting January 2014, the markings were initiated for the observed organisms using elastomers and 232 individuals were marked. Through the mark-recapture, population density was estimated at 294 fish in Riacho da Baleia point, 69 fish in Viral point and 65 fish in Caruara point. The growth of the tracked organisms showed an average of 0.8 cm per month, and male and female individuals showed quite similar pattern of growth. The variations related to the growth pattern according to size classes was obtained and it showed the highest average growth rates in April, May and June. In total 26 couples, 11 pairs of males, 3 pairs of females, two pairs of males with juveniles and nine groups with three or more seahorses were observed. Throughout time, five couples, two pairs of male with juvenile, in the same way that a pair of males, remained together. The data about the clustering of seahorses indicate that there is fidelity to the partner, and demonstrate the highly structured social behavior of seahorses. The spatial fish distribution in the environment was monitored and the results corroborate the literature as it relates to loyalty to the habitat. No fish recaptured moved to another point monitored within the estuary. It was concluded that there is a population in the estuary of the Vaza-Barris River of seahorses H. reidi which is found throughout the year distributed in patches of low mobility, moving according to the tide and changing location, but always remaining within the same areas. The study area gets the impact of various anthropogenic sources, such as professional and recreational fishing, floating bars, boats navigation and jet-skis, construction of houses and condominiums, requiring actions and policies that limit the multiple uses of the region in order to conserve the biota in general and specifically the species H. reidi, which appears today as vulnerable to extinction. The areas used as home for the populations of seahorses must be delineated and human activities with the greatest impact should be avoided in those locations. Also the removal of mangrove vegetation should be avoided since this substrate is essential for the Seahorses continue surviving on such sites. Through the implementation of community management projects of fishery resources, the H. reidi can become a flagship species for the estuary of the Vaza-Barris River, allowing the implementation of conservation projects and ecotourism in the region. / O trabalho foi realizado no Complexo Estuarino do Rio Vaza-Barris, área próxima à cidade de Aracaju. O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o padrão de ocorrência, estrutura populacional e aspectos ecológicos do Hippocampus reidi (GINSBURG, 1933), de modo a buscar a conservação desses peixes. Foram realizadas 21 coletas mensais, de setembro de 2013 até maio de 2015. Foram feitas 473 observações de cavalos-marinhos, em três pontos de amostragem: Riacho da Baleia, com 279 observações, Viral, com 105 observações e Caruara, com 89 observações. O comprimento dos cavalos-marinhos observados variou de 2,1 cm até 19,2 cm, e a média geral foi de 14,4 cm. Em todo o período amostral, foram encontrados mais indivíduos machos que fêmeas, e muito mais indivíduos adultos que juvenis. A densidade populacional variou significativamente de acordo com o ponto de coleta, porém esta não variou significativamente ao longo do tempo. Foram encontrados indivíduos em estágio do ciclo reprodutivo em quase todos os meses de amostragem, sendo que os picos de reprodução ocorreram em fevereiro de 2014, julho de 2014 e outubro de 2014. A partir de janeiro de 2014, foram iniciadas as marcações com elastômeros nos peixes observados, sendo marcados 232 indivíduos. Através da marcação e recaptura, a densidade populacional foi estimada em 294 peixes no Riacho da Baleia, 69 no Viral e 65 no Caruara. Em média, o crescimento dos peixes monitorados foi de 0,8 cm por mês, sendo que fêmeas e machos tiveram o padrão de crescimento bem próximos. Já o padrão de crescimento de acordo com as classes de tamanho obteve variação. As maiores médias nas taxas de crescimento ocorreram em abril, maio e junho. Foram observados 26 casais, 11 duplas de machos, 3 duplas de fêmeas, duas duplas de machos com indivíduos juvenis e nove grupos com três ou mais cavalos-marinhos. Ao longo do tempo, cinco casais se mantiveram juntos, duas duplas de machos com juvenis, e uma dupla de machos. Os dados relacionados ao agrupamento dos cavalos-marinhos indicam que existe fidelidade ao parceiro, e demonstram o comportamento social altamente estruturado dos cavalos-marinhos. A distribuição dos peixes no ambiente foi monitorada, e os dados corroboram a literatura na questão relacionada à fidelidade ao hábitat. Nenhum peixe recapturado se locomoveu para outro ponto monitorado do estuário. Conclui-se que existe uma população de cavalos-marinhos da espécie H. reidi distribuída em manchas no estuário do rio Vaza-Barris, que é encontrada ao longo de todo ano, e que possui baixa mobilidade, e se movimenta de acordo com a maré, mudando de localização, mas permanecendo sempre nas mesmas regiões. A área estudada possui diversas fontes de impacto antrópico, tais como pesca profissional e recreativa, bares flutuantes, navegação de lanchas e jet-skis, construção de casas e condomínios, e necessita de ações e políticas que limitem os diferentes usos desses locais, com o objetivo de conservar a biota em geral, e especificamente, a espécie H. reidi, que figura atualmente como vulnerável à extinção. As áreas de residência dessas populações de cavalos-marinhos devem ser delimitadas e atividades antrópicas de maior impacto devem ser evitadas. Além disso, deve-se evitar a supressão da vegetação de manguezal, já que esse substrato é fundamental para que os cavalosmarinhos continuem nestes locais. Através da implantação de projetos de gestão comunitária de recursos pesqueiros, o H. reidi pode se tornar uma espécie bandeira para o estuário do Rio Vaza-Barris, possibilitando a execução de projetos de conservação e ecoturismo na região.

The definition of leadership is not gender specific; however, the role of a leader continues to be defined in mostly male terms by society. While, women have outpaced men in gaining an undergraduate education, women are not being hired for top leadership roles. There continues to be a gender leadership gap in both the private and public sector. Women continue to advance in their education and career, yet they are unable to break the invisible glass ceiling and attain top leadership roles. This study proposes that in order to gain equality and reduce the gender leadership gap, in both the public and private sector, it is up to individual women to seek and attain leadership positions, thereby opening the path for others. The study identified both the internal and external barriers that prevent women from moving ahead in their careers. It also provided solutions that women can adopt to gain top leadership roles, based on Sheryl Sandberg’s ‘Lean In’ theory, which notes that women can make adjustments and strategies in order to obtain top leadership positions. Women can overcome barriers and move ahead with their careers by increasing self-confidence, balancing roles at home, and setting realistic standards. Women need to also step out of their comfort zone and believe in themselves. Through a qualitative content analysis, the study analyzed how three women achieved top leadership roles and were successful in applying the concepts of Sheryl Sandberg’s ‘Lean In’ theory. The study included Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States Sandra Day O'Connor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor. The study identified the barriers that they individually faced as they sought their career. The women were selected to be part of the study due to their incredible accomplishments of achieving positions in the highest level of judicial public service, in a male-dominated field. The sampling and collection in this study included the digital autobiographies and biographies of the public service leaders, by creditable sources. The analysis sought to answer the three study questions: What forms of barriers did the Associate Justices face as they advanced in their careers? What strategies and approaches did the Associate Justices take when faced with barriers? How does Sheryl Sandberg’s ‘Lean In’ theory apply to the Associate Justices? The written autobiographies and biographies of the Associate Justices were analyzed using NVivo, a software that analyzes digital texts. Two coding categories were selected as part of the analysis. One focused on the barriers that the Associate Justices encountered as they moved ahead with their career and the second category focused on the strategies and approaches they used to overcome them. The study findings demonstrated that the Associate Justices faced a significant number of barriers as they sought to advance in their legal careers. They encountered discrimination, gender bias and the obstacles of balancing their careers and family. The analysis results also strongly conveyed that the Associate Justices used a number of strategies and approaches to overcome the barriers. They were self-confident and set realistic standards – therefore validating Sheryl Sandberg’s ‘Lean In’ theory.