Yes / Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by an abnormal rise in blood sugar (glucose) levels brought on by a complete or partial lack of insulin secretion along with corresponding changes in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It has been reported that medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The current study involved exploring the acute toxicity and in vivo antidiabetic activity of berberine (WA1), palmatine (WA2), and 8- trichloromethyl dihydroberberine (WA3) previously isolated from Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Body weight and blood glucose level were assessed on a day interval for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. In an acute toxicity profile, the WA1, WA2, and WA3 were determined to be nontoxic up to 500 mg/kg (b.w). After the second and third weeks of treatment (14 and 21 days), the blood glucose levels in the WA1-, WA2-, and WA3-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control group (476.81 ± 8.65 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). On the 21st day, there was a decrease in the blood glucose level and the results obtained were 176.33 ± 4.69, 197.21 ± 4.80, and 161.99 ± 4.75 mg/dL (n = 8, P < 0.001) for WA1, WA2, and WA3 at 12 mg/kg, respectively, as opposed to the diabetic control group (482.87 ± 7.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). Upon comparison with the diabetic group at the end of the study (28 days), a substantial drop in the glucose level of WA3 at 12 mg/kg (110.56 ± 4.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001) was observed that was almost near the values of the normal control group. The treated groups (WA1, WA2, and WA3) treated with the samples displayed a significant decline in the levels of HbA1c. Treatment of the samples dramatically lowered the lipid level profile. In groups treated with samples, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL were significantly lowered [F (5, 42) = 100.6, n = 8, P < 0.001]; these levels were also significantly decreased [F (5, 42) = 129.6 and 91.17, n = 8, P < 0.001]. In contrast to the diabetes group, all treated groups had significantly higher HDL levels [F (5, 42) = 15.46, n = 8, P < 0.001]. As a result, hypolipidemic activity was anticipated in the samples. In addition to that, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was considerably elevated in the groups treated with the sample compared to the diabetic control group (n = 8, P < 0.001).

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-01T16:02:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Heloise da Silva Almeida.pdf: 1679068 bytes, checksum: 41dfbddddc98490ed23f15614d7f0173 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T16:02:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Heloise da Silva Almeida.pdf: 1679068 bytes, checksum: 41dfbddddc98490ed23f15614d7f0173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of poisoning by Thiloa glaucocarpa in the semiarid Northeast of the Brazil. Technical visits to various properties in two municipalities of Paraíba and in two municipalities of Pernambuco eight adult cattle naturally poisoned by T. glaucocarpa were examined and these, five were necropsied. The disease lasted on average 8-12 days. The main clinical signs consisted of apathy, anorexia, dehydration, dry nose and progressive weight loss, ascites, subcutaneous edema, dryness of rumen, reticulum, omasum contents. At necropsy, the lesions consisted of a significant accumulation of fluid in the abdominal and thorax cavity, pulmonary edema, subcutaneous mesentery, perirenal tissue and abomasal folds edema. Histologically, the main lesions consisted of epithelial coagulation necrosis of renal convoluted tubules with presence of amorphous eosinophilic material in the lumen of the tubules. The diagnosis of poisoning by T. glaucocarpa was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histopathological evaluation, renal serum biochemistry and plant identification in the areas of cattle pastures. After the start of the rainy season in this region, T. glaucocarpa is the main toxic plant responsible for significant economic losses. Since there is no effective treatment for animals with renal failure, prophylaxis of intoxication is recommended that the animals must be removed from the areas where the plant grows in the period after the first rains. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicopatológicos da intoxicação por Thiloa glaucocarpa no semiárido Nordestino. Durante visitas técnicas a diversas propriedades em dois municípios do Agreste do Estado da Paraíba e em dois municípios da Zona da Mata Setentrional do Estado de Pernambuco. Oito bovinos adultos, naturalmente intoxicados por T. glaucocarpa foram examinados e destes, cinco foram necropsiados. A evolução da doença durou em média 8-12 dias. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em apatia, anorexia, desidratação, narinas ressecadas e perda progressiva de peso, ascite, edemas subcutâneos, ressecamento dos conteúdos do rúmen, reticulo, omaso e ampola retal, com fezes sob a forma de cíbalos. À necropsia, as lesões consistiam em significativo acúmulo de líquido na cavidade abdominal, torácica e saco pericárdico, edema pulmonar, edemas subcutâneos, de mesentério, tecido perirrenal e pregas do abomaso. Histologicamente, as principais alterações foram observadas nos rins e consistiam em necrose de coagulação do epitélio dos túbulos contorcidos renais com presença de material eosinofílico amorfo no lúmen dos túbulos. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por T. glaucocarpa foi baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos, achados de necropsia, avaliação histopatológica, bioquímica sérica renal e identificação da planta nas áreas de pastagens de bovinos. Após o início do período chuvoso nessa região, T. glaucocarpa é responsável por perdas econômicas significantes. Como não há um tratamento efetivo para os animais que apresentam falência renal, na profilaxia da intoxicação recomenda-se que os bovinos sejam removidos das áreas onde a planta vegeta no período após as primeiras chuvas.