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Effects of supplementing feedlot steers and heifers with Zilpaterol hydrochloride on Warner-Bratzler Shear Force of steer longissimus lumborum and heifer longissimus lumborum, triceps brachii and gluteus medius muscles aged for 7, 14 and 21 daysClaus, Heidi L. January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Michael E. Dikeman / The longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle from 117 steers and the LL, gluteus medius (GM), and triceps brachii (TB) from 132 heifers were obtained to evaluate the effects of feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax®; ZH) (7.56g/907kg on a 100% DM basis) on tenderness. Both genders were blocked by initial weight into 6 blocks of 4 pens. Pens were assigned to treatments of either 0, 20, 30 or 40 d on ZH, with a 3 d withdrawal. One steak was removed from each muscle for proximate analysis and three 2.54 cm thick steaks were vacuum aged for either 7, 14 or 21 d. Steaks were cooked to 70 ˚C and six 1.27 cm diameter cores were removed for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determinations. All muscles from steers and heifers fed 30 and 40 d with ZH, had higher (P < 0.05) WBSF compared with controls. The WBSF of steer LL and heifer TB from the 20 d treatment was higher (P < 0.05) than controls. There were no treatment by aging interactions (P > 0.05) for WBSF of steaks from steer LL, heifer LL or heifer TB, but there was a treatment by aging interaction (P < 0.05) for WBSF of steaks from heifer GM. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in percent intramuscular fat for any muscle due to treatment. When using percent intramuscular fat as a covariate, differences in WBSF of steer LL and heifer TB were not altered, but there were slight differences in heifer LL and GM WBSF due to treatment when compared with not using percent fat as a covariate. Percentages of steaks with WBSF ≥ 5 kg increased as days on ZH increased and decreased as days of aging increased. Warner-Bratzler shear force values among the three aging times for steer LL control, 20 and 40 d treatments; all heifer LL treatments, and heifer TB 20 d were all positively correlated (P < 0.01) with each other. Feeding ZH for 20 d generally increased WBSF values, but means were still acceptable. Feeding ZH for 40 d was very detrimental to tenderness.
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An investigation into the effect of examiner-training on the inter-examiner reliability of the palpation of myofascial trigger pointsMoodley, Kubashnie January 2011 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the
Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Background: Myofascial pain is a disorder, characterized by the presence of trigger points
(MTrP). It is recognised by unique features which include a tender point in a taut band of
muscle, a local twitch response (LTR), a characteristic referred pain pattern, and the
reproduction of the patient’s usual pain upon examination. A debate exists as to the precise
diagnostic criteria used in identifying trigger points. This has hampered the standardized
assessment and treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome and has led to contradictory
findings being reported by various authors due to the lack of a reliable diagnostic tool.
Objectives: The first objective was to determine the inter-examiner reliability of palpation of
MTrPs in the trapezius and gluteus medius muscles. The second objective was to determine
whether training and standardization in palpation techniques would improve inter-examiner
reliability of palpation of MTrPs.
Methods: This study was designed as a quantitative pre and post intervention interexaminer
reliability study. Three examiners (one qualified Chiropractor, one senior
chiropractic intern from the CDC and the researcher) were used to examine sixty patients
(thirty symptomatic and thirty asymptomatic) for MTrPs. This study was conducted in two
phases. During the myofascial examination of patients examiners were required to
determine whether a MTrP was present or absent, differentiate whether the MTrP was active
or latent and determine the presence or absence of the five characteristics of MTrP (tender
point in a taut band of muscle, a local twitch response (LTR), a pain characteristic referred
pain pattern, the reproduction of the patient’s usual pain and a jump sign) however, in phase
one the researchers were blinded to the characteristics being investigated. Subsequent to
phase one, examiners had to attend two, one hour discussion sessions to reduce individual
variation in the application of palpation techniques.
Results: Inter-examiner reliability was assessed using Fleiss Kappa statistic, percentage
agreement and confidence intervals. The results show that three examiners are able to
attain acceptable agreement in the palpation of MTrPs, since the features (described above)
were shown to improve considerably in phase two after the training session in which
standardization of techniques was emphasized.
Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that MTrP palpation is reliable and
therefore, useful diagnostic tool in the identification of MTrPs and the diagnosis of Myofascial
Pain Syndrome.
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Analýza elektromyografické aktivity vybraných svalů při cvičení na vybraných balančních plochách / Analysis of electromyographic activity of selected muscles in exercises on selected balance surfaces.Pospíšilová, Nikol January 2012 (has links)
Title: Analysis of electromyographic activity of selected muscles in exercises on selected balance surfaces. Objective: The objective of this dissertation was to document, compare and analyze electromyographic activity of m. gluteus maximus et medius, of m. erector spinae at the level L3 and of m. quadriceps vagus medialis et lateralis in exercises on selected unstable surfaces - on a cylindrical board and in balance sandals. Methods: The work was elaborated as a pilot study. Surface electromyography was used for objectification. The researched group consisted of 7 volunteers (5 women and 2 men), who had no serious injuries and surgeries in their anamnesis and none of them did any sports for a long period. Electromyographic activity of the above mentioned muscles was compared when doing two clearly defined exercises (stand on one lower extremity and hovering/gait on the spot) in balancing sandals and on a cylindrical board in sagittal plane. Results: The results only confirmed two hypotheses out of five ones. Namely it was the hypothesis no. 2 that the lowest activity of m. gluteus maximus was reached while doing exercise no. 3 - hovering/gait on the spot on a cylindrical board and the hypothesis no. 3 that the highest activity of m. erector spinae was reached while doing exercise no. 4 -...
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Evaluation of Tissue Health and Interventions for the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in Persons with Spinal Cord InjuryWu, Gary Anthony Auyong 19 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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