The author deals with oxidative stress and its effects on the pathogenesis of various diseases including the development of insulin resistance. The work is divided in the usual way overview of current knowledge on the issues, methods, results, discussion and conclusions. Part of this work is to describe an animal experiment in the waking state, whose introduction to our department was one of the tasks of this graduate work.

This thesis deals with the measurement of blood glucose levels after consumption of selected foods (glucose solution, milk chocolate, rice sandwiches with corn, fruit snacks with apricots and broken buckwheat multigrain bread) at regular intervals. The first part of this thesis is pursued to the literature review, which provides a comprehensive overview of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It also discusses the differences in the carbohydrate metabolism of healthy people with diabetes type 1 and 2 It acquaints the reader with the concepts of blood glucose, glycemic index and glucose-tolerance test. The practical part includes the measurement of glucose in capillary blood and questionnaire survey concerning state of health, eating habits and the disease incidence in a selected group of volunteers. The experiment involved 12 students of Mendel University in Brno. Their blood glucose levels were measured at regular intervals (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) after ingestion of the food. The glucose was chosen as a standard. From the measured values were calculated glycemic indices, which represented 100 for glucose, milk chocolate 40+-17,7, sandwiches, rice with corn 76+-25,8, fruit snacks with apricots 49+-17,9 and multigrain bread buckwheat 68+-21,3. The results were statistically processed and the effect of individual foods tested on blood glucose was evaluated.

The aim of this work should be watching and registration of training intensity (kind of oxercise, intent of exercise and registration of responses). With a view to response of change of plasma glukose. The result of this work should be summary of exercises together with response of changes of plasma glukose. The value of this response we have measured, together with a kind of exercise can help trainers and teachers to judge intensity of training. There were four testing subjects in the group we have measured. \\

The author deals with oxidative stress and its effects on the pathogenesis of various diseases including the development of insulin resistance. The work is divided in the usual way overview of current knowledge on the issues, methods, results, discussion and conclusions. Part of this work is to describe an animal experiment in the waking state, whose introduction to our department was one of the tasks of this graduate work.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Jakub Draský Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacological influence of nuclear receptors in diabetes mellitus therapy Nuclear receptors belong to the superfamily of transcription factors, their main functions include regulating the expression of target genes. In my work I focused mainly on the group of orphan receptors, namely the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). A common feature of these receptors is their activation by a specific ligand. Both CAR and PXR have an essential function as biological sensors of hydrophobic xenobiotics when they induce enzymes I and II. phase of metabolism. They are also essential in the regulation of gluconeogenesis, insulin response, adipogenesis, cholesterol homeostasis, fatty acids, triglycerides and glycogen. The aim of this experimental work was to introduce a luciferase reporter assay method for two DNA constructs containing the promoter region of the PEPCK and CYP7A1 genes. We used the known agonist rifampicin and the antagonist SPA70 to activate/deactivate PXR. We used CITCO as a CAR receptor agonist. We first verified the functionality of the luciferase reporter gene assay...

The thesis deals with the measurement of glucose levels at regular intervals in a selected group of volunteers after the consumption of breakfast cereals in combination with milk products. The theoretical part is devoted to the basic components of the diet and their digestion and metabolism. It also deals with the regulation of blood glucose level, methods for measuring glycemia, disorders related to metabolism of carbohydrates and the concepts of the glycemic index, glycemic load. The aim of the practical part was to find out how your chosen breakfast cereal in combination with dairy products have an effect on blood glucose levels in a selected group of volunteers. 16 students of the Mendel university in Brno were attended the experimental measurements. The students measured on the InBody, in order to determine composition of the human body. The level of blood glucose was always measured in time 0 (fasting), 60, 90 and 120 minutes from the beginning of the consumption of the food. Statistically significant difference was shown from measured values of blood glucose in 60. and 90. minute between the glucose solution, and breakfast cereals (P < 0.05).

This thesis deals with the control of blood glucose levels of critically ill patients in intensive care, focusing on hyperglycemia of the critically ill and possible therapy within the competences of nursing and medical staff. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of hyperglycemia of critically ill patients from the medical and nursing perspective as well as the issues concerning instrumentation. The first chapter describes briefly the history of insulin, relating to its discovery and introduction into practice. The following chapter describes the concepts of critically ill, intensive medicine, intensive care as well as specific nursing care. Short information about etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of diabetes mellitus is described in the third chapter. The following are the chapters, which are more specifically devoted to the issue of hyperglycemia of the critically ill, including chapters on glucose homeostasis of the critically ill, the evolution of blood glucose levels, instrument technique, insulin protocols, insulin therapy, details of insulin therapy in intensive care and on the principles of correct blood collection for the determination of blood glucose levels in the conditions of intensive care. The empirical part of this work contains research on the...

Title: Diabetes mellitus in Equistrian Sport in Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of the literature review part of the thesis was to give an introduction to the issue of diabetes mellitus as well as the effect of sport on the decompensation of the disease, to search for available sources on a narrowly focused topic - the impact of horse riding on diabetes mellitus, and to process the findings in a clear form into the first (literature review) part of the work. The goal of the second (research) part was to map, with the use of questionnaires and interviews, the situation of diabetes patients in the Czech Republic who do equestrian sport actively. In the case study their subjective feelings were reviewed. The main aim was to prove the positive impact of horse riding on diabetes mellitus, or more precisely to find out if it is stress or physical exertion that has a greater effect on the blood glucose (BG) level. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the issue of public awareness of disease management as well as first aid. Methods: The first part of the thesis was carried out in the form of a literature review, for which research articles and other literature sources were found primarily on electronic information portals (mainly Web of Science, etc.) For the second (research) part a questionnaire (on the...

Introduction: The main goal of the diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM type 1) therapy is the achievement of the best compensation of this disease. One of the tools to attain this compensation is the correctly carried out self-monitoring, from which can be the right dose of the Insulin derived. To estimate the correct dose of the Insulin is the essential knowledge of the actual dietary records, especially the amount of the carbohydrates. The thorough dietary record is in this case another tool how to significantly improve the compensation of DM type 1. Objective: The main objective of this thesis was the description of the influence of the dietary record for the compensation of DM type 1. As the evaluating parameters were set the value of HbA1c before-and-after the observation and the glycemia variability during the observation. The observation had been provided during one month where in the beginning of the observation all patients took part in the educative stay. Methods: The examined sample included in total 34 persons, but 2 of them were excluded for health reasons. The final examined sample was consist of 32 persons, out of them 18 females and 14 males, which suffer from DM type 1. The average age of these patients was 36,6 years ± 12,6, where the average lasting of DM type 1 was 14,9 years ± 9,9. In...

In my thesis I dealt with the theme of very serious and widespread diseases of civilization posed by diabetes mellitus (diabetes), type 2. Incidence of the disease is considered a pandemic of the 21st century. I focused on macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the description of type 2 diabetes in terms of its origin, course, diagnosis and treatment, including komplkací. In the practical part I am devoted to a survey of diabetic patients in the waiting rooms of several diabetics. Through the questionnaire, I investigated how respondents have access to their disease. Whether they know their blood glucose levels as they are treated, whether they realize the seriousness of their illness if they have already expressed complications of diabetes and how to approach the treatment, if observe regime measures. The respondents' answers, I analyzed and processed using graphs.