<p>At the Department of Technology and Built environment at the University of Gävle there was an interest to study GNU Radio, which is an "open source radio project. The project is based on that most of the radio signal processing is made in an ordinary PC. The idea behind this degree project was that in a laptop there are several radio transmitters/receivers that takes space, generates heat and transmit in varied frequency band etcetera.</p><p> </p><p>All these radio transmitters/receivers could be replaced with a Software Defined Radio system. It means that one common, general radio hardware is used to different communications such as: WLAN, Bluetooth, GPRS, 3G etcetera. The waveform is generated in the software, which makes the system very flexible. To transmit and receive radio signals a USB-based hardware is required, for example from Ettus Research LLC.</p><p> </p><p>During this degree project two PC:s was used for the signal processing and the signal transferring. The operating system that was used on the computers, were the Linux based Ubuntu 8.04. To generate the signals, to modulate/demodulate the signals and to get the communication on the sound cards in/out-port working, the different packages in the GNU Radio software was used and for programming the high level language, Python, was used.</p><p> </p><p>In this degree project a lot of experiments where made, for example a sine wave was generated in computer 1 and the signal was amplitude modulated and transferred to computer 2, through the sound card. In computer 2 the signal was demodulated and filtrated, before it was saved to the hard drive. When the signal was saved on computer 2, it could be sent out on the sound card and be studied on an oscilloscope. This transfer between the computers was made with a stereo cable, but also with a radio link equipment on the University of Gävle.</p><p> </p><p>The result of this degree project was satisfying, because the signal was possible to modulate, transfer, demodulate and save. In the wire transfer a lot of noise was generated on to the signal, mostly because of the sound cards. When the wireless transfer was made it appeared more noise, because of the quality of the receiver, the transmitter and the antennas.</p><p> </p><p>This work can be developed to more advanced systems.</p> / <p>Vid Högskolan i Gävle på institutionen för Teknik och Byggd miljö (ITB) fanns ett intresse att undersöka GNU Radio, som är ett open source radio-projekt. Projektet bygger på att den största delen av radiosignalbehandlingen sker i en vanlig PC. Idén som låg till grund för detta examensarbete var att det i en laptop finns ett stort antal radiosändar- och mottagarkretsar som tar plats, genererar värme och sänder på olika frekvensband med mera.</p><p> </p><p>Alla dessa radiosändar- och mottagarkretsar skulle kunna ersättas med ett Software Defined Radio-system. Vilket innebär att en gemensam, generell radiohårdvara används för olika kommunikationer som: WLAN, Bluetooth, GPRS, 3G med flera. Vågformerna genereras i mjukvaran, vilket gör systemet mycket flexibelt. För att kunna ta emot och sända radiosignaler behövs en hårdvara. Denna hårdvara har bland annat Ettus Research LLC tagit fram, med USB-anslutning.</p><p> </p><p>Under examensarbetet har två stycken PC använts för behandling av signaler, samt överföring mellan dessa. Operativsystemet som användes på datorerna var det Linuxbaserade Ubuntu 8.04. För att generera signaler, modulation/demodulation av dessa signaler samt för att få kommunikation med ljudkortets in-/utgång att fungera, användes de olika paketen i mjukvaran GNU Radio och för programmering användes högnivåspråket Python.</p><p> </p><p>I detta examensarbete utfördes ett flertal experiment, bland annat genererades en sinussignal i dator 1 och signalen amplitudmodulerades och överfördes till dator 2 via ljudkortet. På dator 2 demodulerades denna signal och filtrerades, innan den sparades på hårddisken. Signalen kunde sedan skickas ut på ljudkortet och studeras med ett oscilloskop. Överföringen mellan datorerna gjordes med en stereokabel, men också med en radiolänkutrustning som fanns på Högskolan i Gävle.</p><p> </p><p>Resultatet var tillfredställande då signalen kunde moduleras, överföras samt demoduleras och sparas. I den trådbundna överföringen uppstod mycket brus i signalen, till största delen berodde detta på ljudkorten. När den trådlösa överföringen gjordes uppstod mera brus, vilket berodde på kvalitén hos mottagare, sändare och antennerna.</p><p> </p><p>Detta arbete kan utvecklas till mer avancerade system.</p>

At the Department of Technology and Built environment at the University of Gävle there was an interest to study GNU Radio, which is an "open source radio project. The project is based on that most of the radio signal processing is made in an ordinary PC. The idea behind this degree project was that in a laptop there are several radio transmitters/receivers that takes space, generates heat and transmit in varied frequency band etcetera.   All these radio transmitters/receivers could be replaced with a Software Defined Radio system. It means that one common, general radio hardware is used to different communications such as: WLAN, Bluetooth, GPRS, 3G etcetera. The waveform is generated in the software, which makes the system very flexible. To transmit and receive radio signals a USB-based hardware is required, for example from Ettus Research LLC.   During this degree project two PC:s was used for the signal processing and the signal transferring. The operating system that was used on the computers, were the Linux based Ubuntu 8.04. To generate the signals, to modulate/demodulate the signals and to get the communication on the sound cards in/out-port working, the different packages in the GNU Radio software was used and for programming the high level language, Python, was used.   In this degree project a lot of experiments where made, for example a sine wave was generated in computer 1 and the signal was amplitude modulated and transferred to computer 2, through the sound card. In computer 2 the signal was demodulated and filtrated, before it was saved to the hard drive. When the signal was saved on computer 2, it could be sent out on the sound card and be studied on an oscilloscope. This transfer between the computers was made with a stereo cable, but also with a radio link equipment on the University of Gävle.   The result of this degree project was satisfying, because the signal was possible to modulate, transfer, demodulate and save. In the wire transfer a lot of noise was generated on to the signal, mostly because of the sound cards. When the wireless transfer was made it appeared more noise, because of the quality of the receiver, the transmitter and the antennas.   This work can be developed to more advanced systems. / Vid Högskolan i Gävle på institutionen för Teknik och Byggd miljö (ITB) fanns ett intresse att undersöka GNU Radio, som är ett open source radio-projekt. Projektet bygger på att den största delen av radiosignalbehandlingen sker i en vanlig PC. Idén som låg till grund för detta examensarbete var att det i en laptop finns ett stort antal radiosändar- och mottagarkretsar som tar plats, genererar värme och sänder på olika frekvensband med mera.   Alla dessa radiosändar- och mottagarkretsar skulle kunna ersättas med ett Software Defined Radio-system. Vilket innebär att en gemensam, generell radiohårdvara används för olika kommunikationer som: WLAN, Bluetooth, GPRS, 3G med flera. Vågformerna genereras i mjukvaran, vilket gör systemet mycket flexibelt. För att kunna ta emot och sända radiosignaler behövs en hårdvara. Denna hårdvara har bland annat Ettus Research LLC tagit fram, med USB-anslutning.   Under examensarbetet har två stycken PC använts för behandling av signaler, samt överföring mellan dessa. Operativsystemet som användes på datorerna var det Linuxbaserade Ubuntu 8.04. För att generera signaler, modulation/demodulation av dessa signaler samt för att få kommunikation med ljudkortets in-/utgång att fungera, användes de olika paketen i mjukvaran GNU Radio och för programmering användes högnivåspråket Python.   I detta examensarbete utfördes ett flertal experiment, bland annat genererades en sinussignal i dator 1 och signalen amplitudmodulerades och överfördes till dator 2 via ljudkortet. På dator 2 demodulerades denna signal och filtrerades, innan den sparades på hårddisken. Signalen kunde sedan skickas ut på ljudkortet och studeras med ett oscilloskop. Överföringen mellan datorerna gjordes med en stereokabel, men också med en radiolänkutrustning som fanns på Högskolan i Gävle.   Resultatet var tillfredställande då signalen kunde moduleras, överföras samt demoduleras och sparas. I den trådbundna överföringen uppstod mycket brus i signalen, till största delen berodde detta på ljudkorten. När den trådlösa överföringen gjordes uppstod mera brus, vilket berodde på kvalitén hos mottagare, sändare och antennerna.   Detta arbete kan utvecklas till mer avancerade system.

Ao longo dos períodos históricos a técnica tem desempenhado um papel importante na formulação de demandas sociais. Os indivíduos sempre depositaram nas tecnologias suas expectativas e desejos para a construção de uma realidade diferente. O mesmo tem acontecido hoje com as tecnologias digitais. Muitos grupos sociais atribuem a elas um papel de possibilitadoras de uma sociedade mais justa e mais democrática, onde o conhecimento seja algo irrestrito e pertença a todos. Neste trabalho pretendemos apresentar, a partir de uma perspectiva histórica, esse debate contemporâneo em torno das tecnologias digitais como tecnologias emancipadoras. Para tal, trabalharemos com o Projeto GNU, representante do movimento software livre, idealizado na década de 1980 por Richard Stallman, e que se insere nesse debate através da sua defesa, não só de uma informática livre, mas do conhecimento livre como um todo. Entendemos que esse projeto é um dos principais representantes da tendência atual de depositar nas tecnologias digitais a expectativa de uma sociedade melhor. Investigamos as características desse discurso do Projeto GNU e buscamos perceber de que forma ele foi se construindo ao longo do tempo, assim como também quais práticas sociais o acompanham e quais indivíduos são seus portadores. Identificamos neste discurso a presença de palavras-chave historicamente mobilizadoras e que permitem que ele seja incorporado tanto por grupos de esquerda quanto de direita. Além disso, ao se colocar como um projeto político e defender uma sociedade diferente da que temos hoje, o Projeto GNU, com sua causa do software livre, é representante de uma verdadeira utopia moderna. / Over the past historical periods the technique has played an important role in the formulation of social demands. People always placed in the technologies their expectations and desires of constructing a different reality. The same thing has happened recently with digital technologies. Many social groups rely on technology as an enabling mechanism for a fairer and more democratic society, where the knowledge is unrestricted and widely available. In this work, we use a historical perspective to present a contemporary debate on digital technologies as emancipatory instruments. For that purpose, we investigated the GNU Project - an outstanding free software movement initiated by Richard Stallman in the 1980s - because of its long-term strive not only for a free computer science but also for free knowledge. We consider the GNU Project one of the main representatives of the current expectations of digital technologies as enabling mechanisms for a better society. We investigated the characteristics of GNU Projects speech and we tried to understand how it has been built over the time, as well as social practices which accompany individuals and what are its carriers. We identified, in the discourse, historically mobilizing keywords which may be used by both left- and right-wing groups. Furthermore, by positioning itself as a political project aimed to develop a diferente society, the GNU Project and its free software crusade are legitimate representatives of a true modern utopia.

Ao longo dos períodos históricos a técnica tem desempenhado um papel importante na formulação de demandas sociais. Os indivíduos sempre depositaram nas tecnologias suas expectativas e desejos para a construção de uma realidade diferente. O mesmo tem acontecido hoje com as tecnologias digitais. Muitos grupos sociais atribuem a elas um papel de possibilitadoras de uma sociedade mais justa e mais democrática, onde o conhecimento seja algo irrestrito e pertença a todos. Neste trabalho pretendemos apresentar, a partir de uma perspectiva histórica, esse debate contemporâneo em torno das tecnologias digitais como tecnologias emancipadoras. Para tal, trabalharemos com o Projeto GNU, representante do movimento software livre, idealizado na década de 1980 por Richard Stallman, e que se insere nesse debate através da sua defesa, não só de uma informática livre, mas do conhecimento livre como um todo. Entendemos que esse projeto é um dos principais representantes da tendência atual de depositar nas tecnologias digitais a expectativa de uma sociedade melhor. Investigamos as características desse discurso do Projeto GNU e buscamos perceber de que forma ele foi se construindo ao longo do tempo, assim como também quais práticas sociais o acompanham e quais indivíduos são seus portadores. Identificamos neste discurso a presença de palavras-chave historicamente mobilizadoras e que permitem que ele seja incorporado tanto por grupos de esquerda quanto de direita. Além disso, ao se colocar como um projeto político e defender uma sociedade diferente da que temos hoje, o Projeto GNU, com sua causa do software livre, é representante de uma verdadeira utopia moderna. / Over the past historical periods the technique has played an important role in the formulation of social demands. People always placed in the technologies their expectations and desires of constructing a different reality. The same thing has happened recently with digital technologies. Many social groups rely on technology as an enabling mechanism for a fairer and more democratic society, where the knowledge is unrestricted and widely available. In this work, we use a historical perspective to present a contemporary debate on digital technologies as emancipatory instruments. For that purpose, we investigated the GNU Project - an outstanding free software movement initiated by Richard Stallman in the 1980s - because of its long-term strive not only for a free computer science but also for free knowledge. We consider the GNU Project one of the main representatives of the current expectations of digital technologies as enabling mechanisms for a better society. We investigated the characteristics of GNU Projects speech and we tried to understand how it has been built over the time, as well as social practices which accompany individuals and what are its carriers. We identified, in the discourse, historically mobilizing keywords which may be used by both left- and right-wing groups. Furthermore, by positioning itself as a political project aimed to develop a diferente society, the GNU Project and its free software crusade are legitimate representatives of a true modern utopia.