Orientador: Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves Vieira / Banca: Márcio Meirelles Gouvêa Júnior / Banca: Márcio Thamos / Resumo: Considerando as múltiplas representações que o herói Jasão recebe desde a Antiguidade, escolheu-se a epopeia de Valério Flaco, autor do século I d.C., como principal objeto de análise para refletir sobre a construção do líder dos argonautas. Oferece-se um panorama dos autores que trabalham com as narrativas relacionadas ao herói em obras literárias anteriores a Flaco, de modo a que se possa ter uma visão geral da tradição que foi construída acerca do herói e das diferenças que existem na abordagem do mito, o que poderia impactar a construção do herói. Nessa exposição, dá-se destaque à obra de Apolônio de Rodes, por ser considerada um marco no que se refere a essa construção, tendo em vista que o poeta trata da viagem dos argonautas em gênero épico, o que permitiria um maior detalhamento acerca de diversos aspectos do mito que poderiam não ser possíveis em um gênero mais curto, não predominantemente narrativo e em que a figura central não fosse o herói. Aborda-se a representação dada a Jasão por Valério Flaco, confrontando o herói, intrinsecamente, a seus companheiros de viagem e, extrinsecamente, a seus antecessores, de modo a refletir sobre essa nova inserção do herói em gênero épico em contexto latino. Assim, pretende-se analisar tanto a construção do herói isoladamente na obra em que está inserido quanto, ao mostrar as diversas possibilidades oferecidas por poetas anteriores, quais versões Valério Flaco poderia ter explorado, seja por um processo de eleição de modelo a ser... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considering the multiple representations that the hero Jason received since Antiquity, the epic of Valerius Flaccus, a first century AD author, was chosen as the main object of analysis to reflect on the construction of the leader of the Argonauts. It is offered an overview of the authors who work with the narratives related to the hero in literary works previous to Flaccus, so that the reader can have an overview of the tradition that was constructed about the hero and the possible differences in the approach of the myth, which could affect his construction. In this exhibition, the work of Apollonius of Rhodes is emphasized as it's considered a mark in regard to this construction, given that the poet deals with the Argonauts' journey in epic genre, which would allow greater detail about various aspects of the myth that might not be possible in a shorter genre, in which the narrative was not predominant and the central figure was not the hero. The representation given to Jason by Valerius Flaccus is dealt confronting the hero intrinsically to his fellows and extrinsically to his predecessors in order to reflect on his new insertion in the epic genre in Latin context. Thus, it is intended to analyze both the construction of the hero alone in the work in which he is inserted and, by showing the various possibilities offered by previous poets, which versions Valerius Flaccus could have explored, either by a process of election of a model to be followed, affiliating to a traditio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate that the ancient Greek and Roman goddess Hekate, and the goddess Kali in contemporary Hinduism, as revealed in literature from the respective cultures, removed from each other by time and geography, are constructs of the male imagination, resulting in the reinforcing of stereotypes about the dangers of women in power, and demonstrating that women are irrational, lustful, deceitful, close to nature, and inherently lawless. This dissertation aims to show that Hekate and Kali can be re-envisioned as challenging these stereotypes, and can be re-interpreted as positive role-models for women in their respective cultures. To situate this research within a scholarly tradition, the dissertation begins with an overview of research into the supposed existence of prehistoric matriarchal cultures, where the supreme mother goddess who gave birth to the universe was apparently venerated. This is based largely on prehistoric art and interpretations of symbols with the help of secondary source material. Then this dissertation aims to trace the evolution of Hekate from her origins in Greek literature as a generous and benign, yet potent goddess to a dangerous, chthonic deity of the Roman world associated with black magic, the crossroads, demons and the restless dead. This will be done by a thorough examination of selected ancient Greek and Latin sources in chronological order. Kali’s character and function in Hinduism will be determined through an in-depth analysis of Hindu scriptures written in Sanskrit, as well as by investigating devotional hymns written to her by poets during the 18th and 19th centuries CE. These Sanskrit and Hindi sources highlight Kali as a terrible and unruly manifestation of Durga or Parvati’s wrath while also emphasising her maternal qualities. Artistic representations of Hekate and Kali will also be examined. A comparison between the two goddesses and their roles within their respective cultural and religious systems will be undertaken in order to deduce why such goddesses were deemed necessary within patriarchal cultures. Special reference will be made to the reclamation of Hekate and Kali by feminists today as religious role-models for women over traditional role-models such as Sita, and the Virgin Mary. This dissertation seeks to show that whereas goddesses have been alive and well in Hinduism for thousands of years, Classical deities are far from dead, and are at present experiencing a revival and reinterpretation so as to cater for new forms of spirituality. It seeks to examine whether goddesses who have been rebellious in their patriarchal cultural systems are stereotypic representations or whether they can actually empower and make a difference to women. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

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