Beginning with the 80-s of the 19th century, literature starts to increasingly take language as a problem. First of all, claims of the language for reflecting the truth are questioned, and, consequently, it is revaluated as an instrument of cognition (mostly, negatively). Very often texts, related to a language conundrum, may contain either anti-religions argumentation, or an active use of imagery, tinged with religion, or Biblical symbology. In this work, the interrelation between religiousness, reflected in the text, and its approach to the problematics of the language are investigated. In the shadow of the crisis of the language of literature modernism, such topics as the process of language secularization, language origin, and the crisis of cognition and of a person have also been touched upon. As exemplified by F. Mauthner, W. Benjamin, H. Hofmannsthal и C. Mierendorff, different concepts of the language and ways out of the crisis, offered by them, are presented. Also, their way to interact with religiousness and and mysticism was taken into account. In the result of the research, a certain tendency has been tapped: in case when a language is approached as an instrument that has no relation to mysticism, it shows its incapacity as an instrument of cognition (Mauthner). If a language is viewed...