The South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 prescribes how schools should manage their finances and involve their stakeholders in financial management decision-making. The relevant literature reveals that principals in many schools situated in township and rural areas play a dominant role in the financial management of their schools which is contrary to the prescriptions of the South African Schools Act. This study aimed to identify financial management decision-making processes utilized in fee-paying public primary schools, the factors that influence financial management decision-making and the role and influence of individual stakeholders in financial management decision-making. The study followed a qualitative research approach with a multiple case study research design. Five fee-paying public primary schools were purposively selected. Participants included governing body chairpersons, principals and financial managers of the schools. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The findings from the data suggest that financial management decision-making processes utilized in fee-paying public primary schools are: needs analysis, budget drafting and procurement processes. The study also reveals that members of school governing bodies (SGB) in fee-paying schools situated in affluence areas are educated professionals who, as required by the South African School Act, exert a strong influence in financial management decision-making in schools. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

La presente investigación abordará el análisis de la gobernanza y el desempeño de las FDN en Perú a partir de la percepción de los atletas de alto rendimiento que participaron en los Juegos Panamericanos de Lima 2019. El objetivo general es evaluar si existe correlación entre dichas variables a partir de la percepción de este grupo de interés. Para lograr los distintos objetivos planteados en este trabajo se definió un método mixto con un diseño secuencial en el se tuvo una primera etapa cualitativa y una segunda cuantitativa. En la etapa cualitativa se consultó a expertos en la gestión de una FDN a quienes se les presentaron los principales hallazgos de la literatura revisada para organizaciones internacionales. A partir de estos resultados, se pudieron identificar las dimensiones de las variables a analizar y proponer afirmaciones para cada una apartir de las cuales se elaboró un cuestionario con una escala de Likert. La encuesta se aplicó a 151 atletas que representaron al Perú en la competencia señalada. Los resultados de la etapa cualitativa evidencian que no hay consenso en la literatura internacional sobre la forma de evaluar la gobernanza y el desempeño en organizaciones deportivas y, de manera particular, en federaciones deportivas nacionales. Sin embargo, frente a la propuesta que se derivó de la revisión literaria, hubo consenso sobre las dimensiones propuestas. Los resultados de la etapa cuantitativa evidencian que hay una correlación positiva moderada entre la percepción de la gobernanza y la percepción del desempeño. Con respecto a las dimensiones de gobernanza, podemos afirmar que de las 13 afirmaciones sólo hubo 3 de ellas en las que menos del 40% estaba de acuerdo con dichas afirmaciones que fue una de las hipótesis propuesta. En el caso del desempeño, se puede afirmar que en las 3 afirmaciones de la dimensión desempeño administrativo menos del 40% de los atletas están de acuerdo con las mismas. La muestra de 151 atletas fue elegida por conveniencia y no constituye una muestra representativa de la población por lo que los resultados no pueden ser extrapolados a la misma. Además, en futuras investigaciones se puede complementar la percepción de los atletas con un indicador objetivo para cada una de las dimensiones identificadas. El aporte para un mejor entendimiento teórico sobre la gobernanza y el desempeño de una FDN será de utilidad para futuras investigaciones que se hagan sobre este tipo de organizaciones deportivas a nivel internacional. / Tesis

Magister Artium - MA / Mathew Arnold's 1867 poem presents romantic love as a condition of permanence that can offer refuge from a changeable world. Sixty years later, however, Virginia Woolf observes that romance has become rare as a subject of modern poetry. Her suggestion that there is an historical explanation for this change in literary subject matter is the starting point for this study of the representation of women in the early poetry of T.S. Eliot. Whereas Woolf tentatively dates the "death" of romance to the First World War I will suggest that this change in poetic sentiment is evident in Eliot's early work, some of which predates the war. In the poems under discussion, written between the years 1910 ("Portrait of a Lady" and "The Love Song of J.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION In the Department of Educational Planning and Administration of the University of Zululand, 2004. / The objective to undertake this study determines whether and to what extent the parent component of the School Governing Body plays a role in decision-making in schools. The study conducted in Umzumbe Circuit schools, under the Port-Shepstone District in the Pietermaritzburg region of KwaZulu Natal Province. The research brings to the fore a distinction and overlap between governance and decision-making. It highlights the nature and importance of the involvement of the parent component in decision-making on school issues. The study demonstrates that school governance and decision-making entail the application of conceptual, technical and human relation skills. Based on findings emanating from the analysis and interpretation of data from the respondents, the study concludes that, ■* Some school principals do not effectively implement the directives portrayed in policy documents of the Department of Education. This situation hinders the participation of some parents in decision-making in schools; • Many parents do not have the necessary knowledge • about school governance in general and lack the necessary expertise required to enable them to participate effectively in decision-making on school issues; From the conclusions made, the study makes recommendations directed to school principals, schools, SGBs and district officials, SGBs and the Department of Education.

Corruption has been attracting a great deal of attention recently and various organizations together with free and active media have made great efforts to bring this issue to the forefront of the governance debate. This research uses experimental methods to investigate the effect of supranational governing structures on corruption. A second objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the model for the United Nations missions given that transparency and accountability in the presence of these kinds of supranational governing structures are generally weak. Results of this research show that the presence of supranational governing structures leads to an increased level of corruption. These findings can be generalized for other situations in the public sector or private sector that involve a type of supranational governing structure. For the case of the UN missions, increased transparency and accountability can help reduce the level of corruption under these governing structures.

There is a research deficit in public administration. We do not adequately ask how the essential concepts of governments that are expressed in political thought are operationalized through administrative mechanisms and then implemented into practice. The current study began addressing this deficit by investigating how the notion of governing approaches has been treated in the political thought of Ronald C. Moe and Moe and Robert S. Gilmour and then exploring how the idea of governing approaches and another essential concept of government, that of inherently governmental, have been operationalized in the administrative device, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76. I utilized a longitudinal qualitative content analysis to determine whether there was support for a change in governing approaches from a Constitutionalist Governing Approach to an Entrepreneurial Governing Approach in the evolution of the meaning of inherently governmental as it was used in OMB Circular A-76, Performance of Commercial Activities, from 1966 to 2003. All the Circulars showed evidence of the Constitutionalist Governing Approach. The project repositions the notion of inherently governmental as a thick political concept, a normative, context-specific idea that a polity must address. It also proposes a research typology to guide investigations of these kinds of ideas. / Ph. D.

In this work, the mathematical implications of merging two different turbulence modeling approaches are addressed by deriving the exact hybrid RANS/LES Navier-Stokes equations. These equations are derived by introducing an additive-filter, which linearly combines the RANS and LES operators with a blending function. The equations derived predict additional hybrid terms, which represent the interactions between RANS and LES formulations. Theoretically, the prediction of the hybrid terms demonstrates that the hybridization of the two approaches cannot be accomplished only by the turbulence model equations, as it is claimed in current hybrid RANS/LES models. The importance of the exact hybrid RANS/LES equations is demonstrated by conducting numerical calculations on a turbulent flat-plate boundary layer. Results indicate that the hybrid terms help to maintain an equilibrated model transition when the hybrid formulation switches from RANS to LES. Results also indicate, that when the hybrid terms are not included, the accuracy of the calculations strongly relies on the blending function implemented in the additive-filter. On the other hand, if the exact equations are resolved, results are only weakly affected by the characteristics of the blending function. Unfortunately, for practical applications the hybrid terms cannot be exactly computed. Consequently, a reconstruction procedure is proposed to approximate these terms. Results show, that the model proposed is able to mimic the exact hybrid terms, enhancing the accuracy of current hybrid RANS/LES approaches. In a second effort, the Two Level Simulation (TLS) approach is proposed as a near-wall model for LES. Here, TLS is first extended to compressible flows by deriving the small-scale equations required by the model. The full compressible TLS formulation and the hybrid TLS/LES approach is validated simulating the flow over a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. Overall, results are found in reasonable agreement with experimental data and LES calculations.

In 2015, South Africa withdrew from the International Criminal Court asserting United Nation’s Security Council bias in referring only African cases (Strydom October 15, 2015; Duggard 2013) and the United Kingdom reiterated a pledge to withdraw from the European Court of Human Rights, asserting that the court impinges on British sovereignty (Watt 2015). Both are examples of extraterritorial courts which are an important part of regional and global jurisprudence. To contribute to our understanding of the relationship between states and extraterritorial courts, I examine arguably the first and best example of an extraterritorial court, namely the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC). Drawing on 50 British Commonwealth states, this dissertation explores the factors influencing the decision to accede to an extraterritorial court and why some states subsequently opt to sever ties. I build on Dahl’s theory (1957) that the nation’s highest court interacts with the governing coalition and, for the most part, serves as an ally and uphold its policies. I argue that that governing coalition wants the final appellate court that they most expect to be an ally and extend this expectation to extraterritorial courts. As a result, the governing coalition looks at the court more critically. States may change or abolish the jurisdiction of the court if it undermines or seems likely to undermine state policy. Examining this phenomenon across the British Commonwealth provides comparative insights into how governing coalitions may view extraterritorial courts.

The governing bodies of the association of owners of (residential) units and their decision/making This thesis deals with the governing bodies of the asscociation of owners of (residential) units, their position in Czech legal order and their decision-making. Thesis is focused on the performance of decision making in practise and problems which are associated with it. It focuses primarily on the enactment of Act No. 72/1994 Coll., Act on ownership of (residential) units, including government regulation No. 371/2004 Coll., where are defined standard Articles of owners of (residential) units, which focuses on the problematic provisions or lack of legislation. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter is introductory, there are defined goals of the work, postition of ownership of units in the Czech legal system, its historical development and definition of key terms. The second chapter describes the association of owners of (residential) units as a legal person, its origin, the rights and obligations standing in the legal system, including membership, which takes a closer view of the conditions, rights and obligations of individual members, and way of termination of membership. The third chapter describes the governing bodies of the association of owners of (residential) units. This...

- Liability of governing bodies of limited companies The thesis deals with the liability of governing bodies of limited companies in the light of the recodification of private law. The given topic is becoming increasingly acute in the Czech legal environment, especially with regard to the codification of due diligence and the business judgment rule in the basic acts of private law, namely the Civil Code and the Business Corporations Act. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive insight into the problems of the concept of liability within the Civil Code and a view into the Business Corporations Act and the ensuing liability of governing bodies of limited companies. In the first chapter of this thesis, various key concepts, which are used and elaborated throughout this paper, are analyzed and defined. The concept of liability is analyzed in terms of a historical perspective - both from the so-called prospective and retrospective conception to the conception contained in the Civil Code. The concept of a statutory body (governing body) is analyzed both in terms of rules contained in the Civil Code and in terms of the different specificities of the Business Corporations Act including the analysis of directors of a limited company and the board of directors of a joint-stock company. The second...