The Creative Solutions to Waste Project (CSW) is a local environmental education project, involving five Grahamstown schools, the local municipality; community members and the Rhodes University Environmental Education Unit, where I worked at the time this study was undertaken. In this research I explore the use of environmental education learning support materials (LSM) in Outcomes Based Education (OBE). I have employed a participatory action research approach informed by critical theory in this case study of the Creative Solutions to Waste project (CSW). The research focused on the ‘Waste Education’ materials and their use, developed and piloted during the pilot phase. The Waste Education materials were also used in phase one. In phase two, the research focused on the use of ‘Health and Water’ learning support materials in 4 Grahamstown schools. Research participants included educators, support team members, municipal officials, Department of Education officials, Department of Health (Eastern Cape) officials, the Health Promoting Schools committee and NGO representatives. I employed a range of data collection strategies including questionnaires, observations, field notes, semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, workshops, reflective journal, videotapes, and photographs and documents analysis. The research process was collaboratively discussed and agreed upon by all the participants. This research indicated that the purpose influences the use of LSM. It also indicated the importance of mediation processes in the use of LSM. This study indicates that the designs of LSM and particular views of learning influence the way LSM are used. It does that by looking at how an active learning framework influenced the use of learning support materials and consequent learning processes. It also highlights the significance of paying attention to issues of language and literacy in the design of LSM, and how these factors influence the use of LSM. It also identified the tension between prescriptive and open-ended processes to professional development in supporting the use of LSM in contexts of curriculum change and transformation. This study also indicated the importance of reflexive processes to improve support process in the CSW project by demonstrating how the contributions and the roles of the support team were reflexively changed. I have reviewed the research processes in relation to the research design decisions made at the start of the project. This study lastly offers some recommendations for further research into the use of LSM, and how an understanding of LSM use may influence the development of LSM.

This thesis explores the Where Leaders Learn slogan of Rhodes University. It does this by means of an analysis of discourses constructing leadership and leadership development within the institutional context. The discourse analysis was made possible as a result of interviews with a range of people involved in leadership and leadership development at the University. The analysis revealed that leadership development is constructed as taking place within a highly structured system that enables instructional and managerial leadership but constrains transformational leadership. The discourses that give meaning and understanding to the construct of leadership draw heavily on position within a hierarchy. The discourse of functional efficiency is enabled through practices related to reward, recognition, succession planning and mentorship which all serve to replicate the existing leadership structures creating more of the same and in essence stifling the potential for emancipatory leadership. The analysis also shows that a discourse of collegiality serves to create a false sense of a common understanding of leadership in the light of evidence of uncertainty and contestation around the meaning of the slogan Where Leaders Learn and, by association, the very construct of leadership. The discursive process of understanding leadership and developing an institutional theory for the purposes of infusing this into a curriculum poses many challenges. Barriers to new ways of thinking reside within the researchers' ontological and epistemological commitments. This amplifies the need for a more reflective ontology towards leadership and its consequences, especially so in a multidisciplinary environment such as Rhodes University.

My study explores the politics of viewing and the gaze. I argue that the gaze both arrests and objectifies the body, which in turn transforms subjects into objects therefore regulating social behaviour. The basic notion of the gaze will be explored throughout this thesis and thereby contextualizes my sculptures, which are casts of my naked body. My particular concern lies in how the ideas of surveillance have had an influence on architecture and buildings in Grahamstown. Throughout this mini thesis, I will explore a number of architectural spaces of Grahamstown such as the Provost prison, Fort Selwyn and the Camera Obscura which I argue were all designed based on the ideas of surveillance. The entanglement of Grahamstown architecture and the female form as a subject of voyeurism forms an important part of this thesis, as the context of Grahamstown architecture is centered on visibility, which in turn subjects people to a form of discipline. The Provost Prison, the Camera Obscura and the forts of Grahamstown are all good examples of this. Outside of this, the female body is also subjected to the gaze, which in turn suggests that the female body is also under surveillance and as a result also becomes disciplined. My installation is a response to Antony Gormley’s Event Horizon, in which he placed 33 steel and fibreglass casts of his own naked body at an elevated level on buildings around Manhattan and Brazil. In this discussion I have contextualized my work with reference to the ideas of different theorists. The three main theorists I have cited are Michel Foucault, Jonathan Crary and Laura Mulvey. Foucault is specifically cited due to his discussion on Panoptic power, surveillance and docile bodies. Crary makes a number of important points with regards to the ideological operations of the Camera Obscura as well as its history while Laura Mulvey’s writings form the basis of the voyeuristic gaze from the perspective of a feminist.

Caption "Enormous thorns on type of A. Karoo found in Fish River Bush near Grahamstown. 1958.”

Elisabeth Salt Monument, High Street, Grahamstown, South Africa, commemorating the Xhosa-British battle of 22 April 1819. It was built in memory of the pioneer woman in the Battle of Grahamstown. In 1819 Xhosa’s attacked the settlement with about 6 000 men. Many of the warriors died during the battle but only 2 British. According to legend Elizabeth salt carried a keg of gunpowder through the Xhosa warriors to the men by wrapping it in a baby blanket. This story is shown on the plaque on the monument. The monument also marks the spot where, under a tree, Lieutenant Colonel Graham and Captian Stockenstrom decided on the site for Grahamstown. They camped on the land where the cathedral stands today. The town was proclaimed in August 1811 and was named after Colonel John Graham.

Elisabeth Salt Monument, High Street, Grahamstown, South Africa, commemorating the Xhosa-British battle of 22 April 1819. It was built in memory of the pioneer woman in the Battle of Grahamstown. In 1819 Xhosa’s attacked the settlement with about 6 000 men. Many of the warriors died during the battle but only 2 British. According to legend Elizabeth salt carried a keg of gunpowder through the Xhosa warriors to the men by wrapping it in a baby blanket. This story is shown on the plaque on the monument. The monument also marks the spot where, under a tree, Lieutenant Colonel Graham and Captian Stockenstrom decided on the site for Grahamstown. They camped on the land where the cathedral stands today. The town was proclaimed in August 1811 and was named after Colonel John Graham.

Elisabeth Salt Monument or the Settlers Women’s Monument, High Street, Grahamstown, South Africa, commemorating the Xhosa-British battle of 22 April 1819. The monument also marks the spot where, under a tree, Lieutenant Colonel Graham and Captain Stockenstrom decided on the site for Grahamstown. They camped on the land where the cathedral stands today. The town was proclaimed in August 1811 and was named after Colonel John Graham.

Critics of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) that sat in the late 1990s have sometimes pointed to its failure to examine the role of larger collectivities in colluding with or acquiescing in the apartheid system. Universities, for instance, have been singled out for their failure both to make submissions to the TRC and to acknowledge openly their past shortcomings during the apartheid era. The historically white, English-medium universities – among them Rhodes University – liked to project themselves as liberal institutions. This book puts this self-representation to the test by looking critically at the operation and functioning of Rhodes University during the segregation and apartheid eras. This study is one of very few that recounts and analyses the whole history of a South African university in a single volume. It covers the founding of Rhodes University College (as it was then called) in 1904, traces its development over the decades, through the attainment of independent status in 1951, ending with a full consideration of the transformation challenges that the university has faced in the post-apartheid era. This is a critical study that points to some of the university’s past failures. But there is also a celebratory dimension, as the book highlights some of the achievements and successes of those who have worked and studied at Rhodes University over the past 112 or so years. / Please note that only the first chapter of the book is available online. For further information, or should you wish to purchase a copy of this item, please contact Bulelani Mothlabane (b.mothlabaneATru.ac.za).

This thesis describes the development and application of a neural network based ionospheric model for the bottomside electron density profile over Grahamstown, South Africa. All available ionospheric data from the archives of the Grahamstown (33.32ºS, 26.50ºE) ionospheric station were used for training neural networks (NNs) to predict the parameters required to produce the final profile. Inputs to the model, called the LAM model, are day number, hour, and measures of solar and magnetic activity. The output is a mathematical description of the bottomside electron density profile for that particular input set. The two main ionospheric layers, the E and F layers, are predicted separately and then combined at the final stage. For each layer, NNs have been trained to predict the individual ionospheric characteristics and coefficients that were required to describe the layer profile. NNs were also applied to the task of determining the hours between which an E layer is measurable by a groundbased ionosonde and the probability of the existence of an F1 layer. The F1 probability NN is innovative in that it provides information on the existence of the F1 layer as well as the probability of that layer being in a L-condition state - the state where an F1 layer is present on an ionogram but it is not possible to record any F1 parameters. In the event of an L-condition state being predicted as probable, an L algorithm has been designed to alter the shape of the profile to reflect this state. A smoothing algorithm has been implemented to remove discontinuities at the F1-F2 boundary and ensure that the profile represents realistic ionospheric behaviour in the F1 region. Tests show that the LAM model is more successful at predicting Grahamstown electron density profiles for a particular set of inputs than the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). It is anticipated that the LAM model will be used as a tool in the pin-pointing of hostile HF transmitters, known as single-site location.

The dynamics of the atmospheric meteor region have been studied using the data obtained with - - the Grahamstown (33°16'S, 26<>:30'E) meteor radar between the years 1987 and 1993 inclusive. Harmonic analysis and the maximum entropy method (MEM) , were used for the spectral characterization ofthe wind above Grahamstown. The prevailing wind, tidal (periods 12- and 24- h) and other (periods 8- and 6-h) oscillations were extracted from the data using the guidelines agreed upon by the A TMAP community. Above Grahamstown the zonal and meridional prevailing winds were found to be predominantly eastward and equatorward respectively. Tidal amplitudes are comparable to the magnitude of the prevailing wind vector, with the diurnal tide being stronger than the semidiurnal tide. The phase differences between ,the zonal and meridional components of the semidiurnal and diurnal tides are - 2 hand - 5 h respectively, which is in reasonable agreement with the corresponding expected values of3 hand 6 h. The tidal wind vectors are on average elliptically polarized with anticlockwise rotation. Longitudinal and day-to-day tidal variations were studied. From the longitudinal study, the semidiurnal tide was found to be dominated by migrating modes, while the diurnal tidal behaviour suggests the presence of nonmigrating modes with zonal wavenumber s = 4. Tides were found to be variable from day to day with little apparent correlation between the zonal and meridional components of the respective tides.