Th. univ.--Géol.--Vandoeuvre--Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 141-160.

Mémoire (M.Sc.T.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

In this thesis, I present field, microstructural, and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analyses of rock fabrics from high strain zones in exposures of lower crustal Cretaceous plutons at Breaksea Entrance, Fiordland, New Zealand. The interplay between deformation and metamorphism occurs across multiple scales at the root of a continental arc. I show a series of steps in which retrogressive metamorphism is linked to the accommodation of deformation. I define three main phases of deformation and metamorphism at Breaksea Entrance. The first phase (D1) involved emplacement of dioritic to gabbroic plutons at depths up to 60 km. The second phase (D2) is characterized by deformation and metamorphism at the granulite and eclogite facies that produced high strain zones with linear fabrics, isoclinal folding of igneous layering, and asymmetric pressure shadows around mafic aggregates. New structural analyses from Hāwea Island in Breaksea Entrance reveal the development of doubly plunging folds that define subdomes within larger, kilometer-scale gneiss domes. The development and intensification of S2 foliations within the domes was facilitated by the recrystallization of plagioclase and clinopyroxene at the micro-scale (subgrain rotation and grain boundary migration recrystallization), consistent with metamorphism at the granulite and eclogite facies and climb-accommodated dislocation creep. EBSD data show a strong crystallographic preferred orientation in plagioclase during D2 deformation. The third phase (D3) is characterized by deformation and metamorphism at the upper amphibolite facies that produced sets of discrete, narrow shear zones that wrap and encase lozenges of older fabrics. Structural analyses reveal a truncation and/or transposition relationship between the older S2 and the younger S3 foliations developed during D3. Progressive localization of deformation during cooling, hydration, and retrogression, resulted in the breakdown of garnet and pyroxene to form hornblende, biotite, fine plagioclase and quartz. EBSD data show a strong crystallographic preferred orientation in hornblende. During D3, hornblende and biotite accommodated most of the strain through fluid-assisted diffusion creep. The last two events (D2 and D3) reflect a transition in deformation and metamorphism during exhumation, as well as a focusing of strain and evolving strain localization mechanisms at the root of a continental arc. An examination of structures at multiple scales of observation reveals that fabrics seen in the field are a composite of multiple generations of deformation and metamorphism.

M.Sc. / A fluid inclusion study was performed on the following rock types: ● Metapelitic granulites that occur as xenoliths in the Bulai Pluton. ● Metapelitic granulites that occur around the Bulai Pluton. ● Granite from the Bulai Pluton. These rocks outcrop on the farm Boston near Messina in the so called Three Sisters area. The main aims of this study are the following: ● Which fluids are associated with granulite metamorphism? ● Do the fluid inclusions record more than one metamorphic event, if so, what are the P-T conditions of this/these event(s)? ● How do the fluids compare to fluids in the Southern Marginal Zone in terms of composition and density? The metapelites are typically characterised by a peak metamorphic mineral assemblages of (1) quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, garnet, biotite, cordierite and sillimanite and (2) quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, garnet, orthopyroxene and biotite. The first assemblage have been used by other workers (Van Reenen et al., in prep.) to derive a P-T path for the metapelitic xenoliths and host rock, which is characterised by decompression-cooling. This assemblage also shows typical high temperature metasomatic formation of feldspar around quartz that is in contact with quartz. The peak metamorphic conditions were estimated to be ~850°C and ~7.5 kbar. Fluid inclusions were studied in garnet, quartz inclusions in garnet, and matrix quartz. The following principle fluid types were identified: ● High salinity aqueous fluids. ● CO2-rich (±CH4) carbonic fluids. ii Petrographic evidence indicates that both fluids were present at peak metamorphic conditions under conditions of fluid-fluid immiscibility. The high-salinity aqueous fluid is most likely responsible for the high temperature metasomatic textures. The density of the fluids trapped at peak metamorphic conditions have been reset to lower values at pressures below that of the peak metamorphic conditions. This is probably the result of the emplacement of the Bulai Pluton at shallow crustal levels (2- 3 kbar). Later fluids are dominated by low-density carbonic fluids with significant amounts of CH4. The CH4 is the result of retrograde hydration reactions at relatively low oxygen fugacities.

名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム報告

Bibliography: leaves 186-210. / v, 242 leaves, [19] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.), map ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The Granites gold deposits of The Granites-Tanami Inlier are the principal interest of the thesis. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1998

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Oct. 22, 2008). Supplemental files include a color map in PDF. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-73).

Thesis (PhD (Earth Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Fluid-present partial melting has generally been regarded a poor candidate for effecting crustal differentiation. In this study I report on anatectic metasediments from the Pan-African Damara Belt in Namibia that have undergone fluid-present biotite melting at a relatively low temperature, yet appear to have lost a significant volume of melt. In situ anatectic features have been identified on the basis of the existence of new generations of cordierite and/or garnet produced as the solid products of incongruent anatexis within or adjacent to leucosomes, that most commonly occur as lens shaped pods at a high angle to the lineation and formed during extension in a direction parallel to the long axis of the orogeny. Within these sites biotite underwent incongruent melting via the reaction Bt + Qtz + Pl + H2O = Melt + Grt + Crd. Cordierite nucleated on preexisting crystals within the bounding gneiss; garnet nucleated within the fracture sites (leucosomes) and typically occurs as individual, large (50 to 120 mm in diameter) poikiloblastic crystals. Thermobarometry applied to the anatectic assemblage yields low-temperature, granulitefacies peak conditions of 750 °C, 0.5 GPa. This temperature is approximately 100 °C lower than the accepted conditions for the onset of fluid-absent biotite melting. This, coupled to the focussing of anatexis on extensional fractures, suggests that anatexis occurred through waterpresent biotite incongruent melting. In order to better understand this process, both fluid-absent and water present partial melting experiments were conducted within the temperature interval 700 to 900 °C at 0.7 GPa. In the fluid-absent experiments, biotite incongruent melting started between 800 and 850 °C to produce melt coexisting with peritectic garnet and cordierite. In contrast, in water-saturated experiments, biotite melted via the reaction Bt + Pl + Q + H2O = Grt + Crd + Melt, between 700 and 750 °C, to produce melt, cordierite and garnet in the proportions 73:24:3.

Deformační interakce mezi horninami na významném rozhraní k·ra - litosférický pláš' je jedním z hlavních proces·, jejichž pochopení umožní lépe popsat termomechanické procesy probíhající hluboko v rozsáhlých pohořích a především chování kontinentálního pláště během kolize kontinentálních desek. Tato disertační práce obsahuje tři hlavní kapitoly, představující výsledky r·zných geologických metod, využitých při zkoumání p·vodu a deformačního chování peridotitových těles ve spodní k·ře Variského orogenu. První kapitola prezentuje závěry ze strukturní studie Mohelenského peridotitu a okolních granulit· z Náměštského granulitového masívu. Jako jedinou efektivní metodou pro studium vnitřní stavby peridotitu se kv·li rozsáhlé serpentinizaci ukázalo měření přednostní mřížkové orientace (EBSD). V serpentinizovaném peridotitu byly zjištěny dva odlišné olivínové skluzné systémy, jejichž distribuce společně s detailním strukturním mapováním v okolním Náměš'ském granulitovém masívu umožnily vysvětlit reologické chování peridotitového tělesa v prostředí kořene orogenu. V této kapiole jsme se pokusili vytvořit geotektonický model, který popisuje historii peridotitového tělesa v rámci mnoha fází tektonické historie orogenního kořenu. Ve druhé kapitole představujeme výsledky z analýzy serpentinizačních proces· v...

The Namaqua Province of southwestern Africa is comprised of a number of distinct tectonostratigraphic subprovinces and terranes, which have in common a 1100-1200Ma structural and metamorphic imprint. In the western Bushmanland Subprovince, E-Wtrending belts of supracrustal gneisses are intruded by and infolded with granitic gneisses of varying ages. A central zone of rocks metamorphosed in the granulite facies is bordered to the north and south by amphibolite facies rocks. A portion of the Garies-Platbakkies supracrustal gneiss belt has been mapped on a 1:15 000 scale. The supracrustal succession was deposited on an unconfirmed basement. It is structurally juxtaposed and infolded with three different granitic augen gneisses. Large bodies of orthopyroxene-bearing granite are syntectonically emplaced in the succession. A wide variety of anatectic granites crop out as sills, dykes and pods varying in size between a few metres and a few hundred metres. These bodies commonly truncate pre-existing foliations. The metamorphosed supracrustal succession contains gneissic equivalents of felsic, mafic and intermediate volanics; pelitic, semi-pelitic, magnesian and granitic composition sediments; feldspathic quartzites; and subordinate quartzites, banded iron formation and calc-silicates. The mineral assemblages of all the rocks indicate metamorphism in the granulite facies. A variety of field evidence exists which suggests that the metamorphic peak was responsible for generating significant quantities of partial melt. The rocks of the study area contain an early Dl fabric. This is refolded in tight, E-plunging D2 crenulation folds. D2 mineral fabrics pre-date the metamorphic peak. D3 open, asymmetric folds are N-vergent and fold the crystalline products partial melting. The southern limbs of D3-folds are attenuated in 04 shear zones. The whole belt is cut by steep, N-S-trending faults. A wide variety of thermobarometers are tested for their applicability to mineral assemblages in the supracrustal rocks. The results of this application suggest that the metamorphic peak occurred at 780 ± 30°C and 5.0 ± 0.4 kbar. Assemblages in shear zones indicate an isobaric retrograde cooling path. The phase relations of melting near the solidus are reviewed with reference to common assemblages in the leucosomes of rocks with granitic and peraluminous bulk compositions. Isobaric T-a(H₂O) sections are constructed from available experimental and thermochemical data. Biotite dehydration and dehydration melting reactions are balanced using natural mineral compositions. The predicted results are compared with the modal abundances of natural product assemblages. The results suggest that dehydration melting was responsible for migmatization, and the consequent reduction of water activity. The amount of melt produced was controlled by the amount of water available from the dehydration of biotite. There is no evidence for the control of water activity by an external fluid reservoir. Limited amounts of water-undersaturated melts were extracted from their sites of generation. This process was responsible for the depletion of some leucosome assemblages with respect to K₂O, H₂O and in peraluminous rocks Na₂O. The partial melts were emplaced locally in developing shear zones.