This thesis evaluates the convergence within the European Union, focusing on the old Member States compared to the new ones. The theoretical part deals with the background of convergence and other theories explaining economic growth. The following section assesses the macroeconomic indicators work within the community and an important determinant of economic performance of individual countries, as measured by GDP per capita in purchasing power parity, and the HDI index. The analytical part of the thesis examines the conditional convergence or divergence of each block based on the method Barone Sala i Martin, using regression analysis. This work also examines the coefficient of variation, sigma and beta convergence of the various blocks. Finally, evaluate the level and rate of convergence of the Czech and Slovak Republic at NUTS level 3

The aim of the thesis is to analyze effectiveness of training programs in the Moravian-Silesian Region during the years 2007-2011. Targeting analysis showed that targeting at disadvantaged groups was unsatisfactory. The only exceptions among disadvantaged groups were groups of graduates and job seekers registered for 12-24 months. The values of total gross effects are only slightly lower than values reported for the Czech Republic and are around 62 %. Lower gross effects were found for disadvantaged groups. Inversely proportional relationship between the length of previous evidence and the value of the gross effect was proved. The worst results were found in the group of job seekers registered more than 24 months which approached 30 % at the end of the period. The thesis concludes that training programs seem to be efficient labor policy measure but recommends improving targeting at disadvantaged groups. It further recommends to monitoring the length of employment after training course, the connection between the job and training course and the return to the evidence that would help to optimize the supply of courses and also using the net effect analysis which overcomes limits of analysis chosen in the thesis.

The aim of this thesis is to explore investment opportunities of the Czech population, the ability of businesses to obtain needed capital for their investment plans and possibilities to obtain these funds from individuals through securities. The main part of this work is to evaluate the dependence between the securities markets and the growth of gross domestic product between 2006 - 2012. For the research, graphical and correlation analysis were used. Due to detected dependencies between gross domestic product and the bond market, issuance of bonds with a five-month delay of the positive fluctuation of gross domestic product was recommended. The final section is concentrates on prediction of the future development of the bond market, which proved to be unpredictable.

Das in diesem Beitrag beschriebene automatische Verfahren findet bei klassischen geodätischen Berechnungsaufgaben ausgehend von gegebenen Startgrößen (z. B. Festpunktkoordinaten, Messwerte) Berechnungsmöglichkeiten für alle anderen relevanten Größen. Bei redundanten Startgrößen existiert meist eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Berechnungsmöglichkeiten, die alle gefunden und deren Ergebnisse berechnet werden. Wenn die Berechnung mehrdeutig ist, aber nur endlich viele Lösungen existieren, werden alle Lösungen gefunden und berechnet. Durch den Vergleich unterschiedlicher Berechnungsergebnisse besteht die Möglichkeit, grobe Fehler in den Startgrößen aufzudecken und ein robustes Endergebnis zu generieren. Das Verfahren arbeitet nicht stochastisch, setzt also kein stochastisches Modell der Messwerte voraus. Die Beschreibung wird mit Beispielen illustriert. Das Verfahren wurde als Webserver-Script realisiert und ist frei im Internet verfügbar. / This contribution describes an automatic method, which can be applied to classical geodetic computation problems. Starting from given input quantities (e. g. coordinates of known points, measurements) computation opportunties for all other relevant quantities are found. For redundant input quantities a multitude of different computation opportunties exists, which are all found automatically, and their results are computed. If the computation is non-unique, but only a finite number of solutions exist, then all solutions are found and computed. By comparison of the different computation results there is the opportunity to detect gross errors in the input quantities and to produce a robust final result. The method does not work stochastically, so no stochastic model of the observations is required. The description of the algorithm is illustrated with the help of examples. The method was implemented as a webserver script and is available for free in the internet.

Orientador: Claudio Salvadori Dedecca / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:25:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RicardoAzevedo_D.pdf: 1503735 bytes, checksum: c16eda1feaeb29a792035e444d0c75d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta tese trata de questões referentes ao papel de determinados serviços no desenvolvimento econômico. No caso da experiência brasileira, o desenvolvimento do Terciário no contexto da recente reestruturação econômica teve participação importante. Na década de 1990 a economia nacional foi palco de grandes transformações, nas quais alguns serviços reestruturados e/ou "modernizados" e mais dinâmicos permitiram maior agilidade econômica. O reordenamento da economia nacional e as novas formas de inter-relacionamento setorial vêm exercendo efeitos sobre a localização de muitas atividades econômicas, abrindo novas janelas de oportunidade. Temia-se que essas transformações levassem à "desindustrialização" e uma concentração do PIB e das ocupações nas macro-regiões e nos estados mais desenvolvidos (notadamente os que apresentam as maiores estruturas industriais). Mas a análise dos dados sobre o crescimento do PIB no Brasil nos leva a crer numa forte interdependência dos serviços com o desempenho da Indústria e da Agricultura. Não há elementos suficientes para afirmar que tenha havido uma autonomização apontando um rearranjo no qual o Terciário passe a ditar a dinâmica do desenvolvimento econômico. A evolução das ocupações mostra um crescimento maior justamente de serviços distributivos e produtivos, fortemente influenciados pelas atividades produtivas industriais e agroindustriais. Mesmo que se trate de uma estratégia de redução de custos frente à elevada tributação da folha de pagamento, isso não afasta as evidências de que a sinergia de determinados serviços com outros setores da economia não tenha aumentado consideravelmente nas duas últimas décadas. Quanto à concentração regional foi possível constatar uma redistribuição do PIB (IBGE) e das ocupações (PNAD/IBGE) em direção das macrorregiões periféricas. O papel dos setores recentemente reestruturados do Terciário nacional nesse processo é o objeto de estudo dessa tese. Esses setores fortaleceram seu poder de influir no desenvolvimento econômico setorial e regional do Brasil. Mas mesmo esses setores tendo aumentado sua contribuição ao crescimento do PIB do Brasil, este aumento foi pequeno perto do aumento das ocupações (PNAD) nos grupos de apoio a produção a que pertencem (serviços distributivos e serviços produtivos) e o aumento das ocupações nos setores tradicionais foi muito elevado (serviços coletivos e serviços pessoais). / Abstract: The following thesis discusses some issues on the role played by some specific kinds of services in economic development. Within Brazilian experience, the Tertiary Sector development was very significant in the context of recent economic restructuring. Through the 1990's Brazilian national economy was a scenario of great transformation in which a few restructured and / or modernized, more dynamic services made room for greater economic agility. National economy's rearrangement and the new features of economic sectors inter-relations have been causing impacts on economic activity location and presenting new opportunities. One feared these transformations would cause "de-industrialization" and GDP and occupational concentration on more developed macro-regions and states (especially within those which hold the biggest industrial structures). But analysis on Brazilian GDP growth data leads to the finding of great service interdependency regarding Industry and Agriculture economic performances. There are no sufficient elements to support the theoretical point of view that there has been a tertiary self-determination, a change towards an economic arrangement in which the Services Sector would guide the dynamics of economic development. Labor market behavior shows a higher occupational growth precisely on productive and distributive services, which are strongly influenced by industrial and agri-industrial productive activities. Even when that kind of behavior is guided by a firm strategy of cost reduction - due to high payroll taxation - it does not erase strong evidence of increasing synergy between certain services and other economic activity sectors in the two last decades. As to regional concentration of economic activities, it has been possible to identify redistribution of GDP (IBGE data) and occupations (PNAD-IBGE data) towards peripheral macro-regions. The role of recently restructured activities of the national Tertiary Sector within that process of change is the aim of this thesis. These activities have strengthened their power of influence on Brazilian sector and regional economic development. Despite having an increased in Brazilian GDP growth, these tertiary activities are more significant when it comes to their higher labor increased (PNAD-IBGE data), i.e., the volume of occupations provided by production-support service activities (distributive and production services); and the increase of occupations in the traditional sectors was high to (collective and social services). / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

The density amplitude of an isolated quantum vortex line in superfluid 4He is calculated using a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii (G-P) equation. The generalized G-P equation for the order parameter extends the usual mean-field approach by replacing the interatomic potential in the ordinary G-P equation by a local, static T matrix, which takes correlations between the particles into account. The T matrix is a sum of ladder diagrams appearing in a diagrammatic expansion of the mean field term in an exact equation for the order parameter. It is an effective interaction which is much softer than the realistic interatomic Morse dipole-dipole potential from which it is calculated. A numerical solution of the generalized G-P equation is required since it is a nonlinear integro-differential equation with infinite limits. For the energy denominator in the T matrix equation, a free-particle spectrum and the observed phonon-roton spectrum are each used. For the fraction of particles in the zero-momentum state (Bose-Einstein dondensate) which enters the equation, both a theoretical value of 0.1 and an experimental value of 0.024 are used. The chemical potential is adjusted so that the density as a function of distance from the vortex core approaches the bulk density asymptotically. Solutions of the generalized G-P equation are not very dependent on the choice of energy denominator or condensate fraction. The density profile is a monotonically increasing function of the distance from the vortex core. The core radius, defined to be the distance to half the bulk density, varies from 3.7 A to 4.7 A, which is over three times the experimental value of 1.14 A at absolute zero.

This thesis attempts to measure the growth of the Bolivian informal sector. The study estimates the growth of the informal sector by defining it as the difference between the formal sector's reported real gross national product (GNP) and forecasted values of real GNP. The first chapter describes the Bolivian economy, defines its informal sector, and presents reasons for this sector's growth. Related research in informal activity, theoretical discussions, and perspectives are presented in the second chapter. Chapter III describes methodological research used in the analysis of the data. Chapter IV describes the results of the investigation. Conclusions and recommendations for the informal sector are provided in chapter V. The results show that it is possible to measure informal activity in a macro setting

No description available.

The role of energy in wealth and development is evident but the manner that a population’s access to energy effects overall growth is unclear. Understanding the role of energy in society can impact policies to push improvement in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, it is necessary to know how energy improves quality of life and what improvements need to be made to provide the necessary resources to underdeveloped populations. The first half of the thesis focuses on the role of energy use in society and its effect on human development. It is established that underdeveloped countries are in fact positively affected from increased energy access. Additionally, that the use of renewables will improve all the aspects of human development: health, wealth, and education. These results suggest that policy makers should focus on increasing clean energy in developing countries to also improve overall development. The second half shifts to the design and characterization of a water tunnel and the role it has in understanding fluid flow for near-wall visualization. Using refractive index matching (RIM) this experimental method can be used to study micro-surfaces that could improve efficiency in transportation or renewable energy. The water tunnel herein can achieve turbulent flows, unlike previous RIM designs.

This diploma thesis Hydraulic rake screen deals with the design of the hydraulic screen cleaning device with a stroke of 1800 mm, which will be placed in 1000 mm wide flow chanell of the wastewater treatment facility. This paper contains structural optimalization of the structure due to operating conditions and loads, mechanical strength calculations and drawings of the device and its details.