För att fästa diverse konstruktioner i marken finns det i dagsläget endast ett fåtal alternativ. De vanligaste och mest tillgängliga metoderna för markinfästning är att antingen gjuta fundament eller att installera en markskruv. Dessa metoder har sina för- och nackdelar, varvid nackdelarna gör dem olämpliga för snabb och enkel installation för enskilda och oerfarna privatpersoner. Detta arbete har haft som mål att utveckla ett koncept som kan komplettera existerande metoder, med fokus på att kunna säkra grepp i låghållfast jord och i jord med högre hållfasthet men med ett grunt djup. Särskild fokus har legat på att utveckla ett koncept som är enkel att installera för en användare, och som är enkel att tillverka för att på så sätt erbjudas till ett lågt pris. Slutresultatet är ett fäste bestående av två nästlade plattor, genom vilka ett antal spett drivs ned i marken. Spettens neddrivningsvinkel har bestämts med hjälp av hållfasthetsberäkningar på jord typisk för svensk mark. Arbetet har skett som ett examensarbete på Karlstads universitet, och har skett på uppdrag för företaget Invencon AB. / To anchor various structures in the ground, there are currently only a few options available. The most common and readily accessible methods for ground anchoring are either pouring concrete foundations or installing ground screw. While these methods have their advantages and disadvantages, the disadvantages make them unsuitable for quick and easy installation by individual and inexperienced homeowners. The goal was to develop a concept that can complement existing methods, with a focus on securing anchoring in low-strength soil and in soil with higher strength but at shallow depths. Emphasis was placed on user-friendly installation and cost-effective manufacturing. The result is an anchoring system comprised of two nestled brackets, through which several piles are driven into the ground. The pile angle has been determined with calculations on the shear strengths of typical Swedish soils.  This work has been carried out as a bachelor’s thesis at Karlstad University, commissioned by the company Invencon AB.

This diploma thesis describes the design and static assessment carried shoring excavation pit for the construction of a multifunctional building in Brno Husovice. Introductory part summarizes the basic input information on the area of interest, including outputs of engineering-geological survey and gives an overview of the options pits. The main part describes the design and assessment of selected variant of shoring, the subsequent evaluation of the results and the technological progress of construction. The proposed design is complemented by structural calculations and construction plans.

The objective of dissertation is to find the approaches for processing the data extracted from the reports that document the performing of acceptance tests of ground anchors. The purpose of this activity is to allow further utilization of this data for designing practice. 795 test records were collected. It is essential for the correctness of analysis, that the whole anchor bond must be placed in homogeneous material. The records for anchors that don’t fulfilled this condition were removed. The set of 379 records of anchors installed in six different soil types during construction work in Czech Republic remained. All those anchors were tested according the demands of european standard ČSN EN 1537:2001, valid until 2013. The methodics based on the mathematical statistics, regression analysis and probability methods were compiled during solving the task defined above. The major result of data processing that was performed via methodics based on combination of mathematical statistics and probability simulation methods is the set of bond shear stress parameter values elaborated for variety of soil types. The regression model for determination of the force-displacement curve and the model predicting the creep behavior of loaded ground anchor were constructed, where the creep value is dependent on the tendon bond length, tendon free length and on the level of prestressing force. The description of full-scale experiment, whose results were used for verification of assumptions incorporated in relevant methodics, is included. The example of determining the probability of failure of anchored structure using the stochastic simulation technique is mentioned also, where the previously obtained results are used as input values for this calculation. Moreover, the software application serving for automatization of processes associated to conducting of the tests of ground anchors and to creating the test report is introduced.

Ground anchors represent an important structural element in the area of ground engineering. Despite an extensive usage of these elements, their design is usually performed using simple empirical and semi-empirical methods. An application of these procedures brings to the design a number of simplifying assumptions. The goal of the dissertation is to refine the computational design of ground anchors, analysis and quantification of selected factors significantly affecting their load displacement behavior. Firstly, the finite element method is applied. Two novel constitutive models are used: Multilaminate Constitutive Model for Stiff Soils (Schädlich, 2012) involving post peak shear softening of overconsolidated cohesive soils and Shotcrete Model (Schädlich, 2014) involving tension softening after tensile strength is reached. First constitutive model was used in order to simulate progressive decrease of skin friction along the anchor fixed length. Second constitutive model was applied for the grout material. In the next step, experimental program including several anchor load tests was carried out. The goal of the experimental program was to confirm conclusions from numerical studies and to obtain relevant data for further back – analysis. A newly developed application, in which all the findings from numerical computations and experimental measurements are incorporated, is described afterwards. The application is based on the use of so-called load-transfer functions. The program verification was conducted through series of back analysis of investigation anchor load tests realized on four different construction sites in two different types of fine-grained soils. The verification of the application is followed by series of parametric studies in which an influence of input parameters values is analyzed. Dissertation is concluded by the summarization of the most important findings.