Consistent leadership of group travel by specific individuals has been documented in many animals. Most species exhibiting this type of leadership have relatively stable group membership. Animals using fission-fusion grouping are not expected to use specific leaders because associations would not be frequent. Certain conditions, however, may allow this type of control over group travel to occur. First, a population would need to be small enough to allow regular associations between individuals. Second, leadership may be useful if the environment where the population in question lives is complex and requires learning to access the resources efficiently. To determine whether fission-fusion species existing under these conditions utilize specific individual leadership, I examined a small residential population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Lower Florida Keys (LFK) where the benthic habitat is highly complex. My goals were to 1) determine whether specific individuals in this population led group travel more often than expected; 2) determine whether certain factors predicted which animals would lead most often and 3) investigate the benefits of leading to leaders and to followers in a fission-fusion society. Multiple types of data were collected to answer questions posed including dolphin behavior (for leadership analyses), fish sampling (to examine dolphin habitat use under leadership), and dolphin biopsy sampling (for genetic analyses). Results of analyses provided strong evidence for consistent leadership in this population. Leaders were female, most were mothers and on average they had larger measures of centrality within the LFK population. Leaders benefited by leading individuals who were more closely related than expected. Followers benefited from efficient access to profitable habitat. Results build on previous leadership research by expanding our knowledge about the type of species in which specific individuals lead and predictors for what types of individuals may lead. Additionally, results provide the first detailed information about benefits group members obtain by both leading and following.

No description available.

O objeto da presente pesquisa é a recepção teatral. Os métodos e técnicas aqui empregados como o estudo de caso, a observação participativa e a análise indutiva e dedutiva têm como objetivo uma aproximação, de caráter teórico e empírico, do campo de tensão que se instaura quando uma obra teatral é atualizada como evento na percepção dos espectadores. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada entre setembro de 2010 e abril de 2013, por meio do acompanhamento do processo de criação do espetáculo Bom Retiro, 958 metros, do Teatro da Vertigem, seguido de prospecção da atividade receptiva durante toda a temporada. Indaga-se sobre a possível potência do teatro para provocar algum grau de desestabilização no repertório cultural de homens e mulheres urbanos expostos aos múltiplos estímulos da \"sociedade excitada\" (TÜRCKE), de subjetividades colonizadas pelo capitalismo (CRARY) e de relações organizadas em torno do consumo (BAUMAN). A análise e a problematização dos procedimentos e princípios investidos pelo grupo na criação do dispositivo cênico, em articulação com questões captadas na escuta da recepção e com elementos pinçados do horizonte de expectativa de artistas e receptores, podem contribuir para o debate sobre o lugar do teatro e sua relevância na sociedade contemporânea. Hipótese reforçada pelo reconhecimento de que o vínculo entre teatro e cidade, ou a busca pela \"intervenção na imaginação pública\" (ARANTES), marca a identidade do chamado teatro de grupo (vertente da cena contemporânea à qual pertence o Teatro da Vertigem), responsável pelo mais recente ciclo de renovação do teatro brasileiro iniciado na década de 1990. / The object of the present research is theatrical reception. The methods and techniques employed here, like the study of case, participative observation and inductive and deductive analysis, aim to an approach of theoretical and empirical character of the tension field established when a play is updated, as an event in the perception of the spectators. The field research was accomplished between September 2010 and April 2013 through the monitoring of the creation process of the spectacle named Bom Retiro, 958 metros [Bom Retiro, 958 meters], by Teatro da Vertigem [Vertigo Theater], followed by a prospecting receptive activity throughout the season. It inquires about the possible power of theater to trigger some degree of destabilization in the cultural repertoire of urban men and women exposed to multiple stimuli from \"excited society\" (TÜRCKE), of subjectivities colonized by capitalism (CRARY) and relations organized around consumption (BAUMAN). The analysis and problematization of the procedures and principles invested by the group in creating the scenic apparatus, in conjunction with issues captured on listening to reception and elements taken from the horizon of expectation of artists and receptors of the play, may contribute to the debate about the place theater occupies and its relevance in contemporary society. This hypothesis is reinforced by the recognition that the link between theater and city, or the quest for \"intervention in the public imagination\" (ARANTES), mark the identity of the theater group movement (trend of contemporary scene to which belongs Teatro da Vertigem), responsible for the latest Brazilian theater renewal cycle started in the 1990s.

O objeto da presente pesquisa é a recepção teatral. Os métodos e técnicas aqui empregados como o estudo de caso, a observação participativa e a análise indutiva e dedutiva têm como objetivo uma aproximação, de caráter teórico e empírico, do campo de tensão que se instaura quando uma obra teatral é atualizada como evento na percepção dos espectadores. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada entre setembro de 2010 e abril de 2013, por meio do acompanhamento do processo de criação do espetáculo Bom Retiro, 958 metros, do Teatro da Vertigem, seguido de prospecção da atividade receptiva durante toda a temporada. Indaga-se sobre a possível potência do teatro para provocar algum grau de desestabilização no repertório cultural de homens e mulheres urbanos expostos aos múltiplos estímulos da \"sociedade excitada\" (TÜRCKE), de subjetividades colonizadas pelo capitalismo (CRARY) e de relações organizadas em torno do consumo (BAUMAN). A análise e a problematização dos procedimentos e princípios investidos pelo grupo na criação do dispositivo cênico, em articulação com questões captadas na escuta da recepção e com elementos pinçados do horizonte de expectativa de artistas e receptores, podem contribuir para o debate sobre o lugar do teatro e sua relevância na sociedade contemporânea. Hipótese reforçada pelo reconhecimento de que o vínculo entre teatro e cidade, ou a busca pela \"intervenção na imaginação pública\" (ARANTES), marca a identidade do chamado teatro de grupo (vertente da cena contemporânea à qual pertence o Teatro da Vertigem), responsável pelo mais recente ciclo de renovação do teatro brasileiro iniciado na década de 1990. / The object of the present research is theatrical reception. The methods and techniques employed here, like the study of case, participative observation and inductive and deductive analysis, aim to an approach of theoretical and empirical character of the tension field established when a play is updated, as an event in the perception of the spectators. The field research was accomplished between September 2010 and April 2013 through the monitoring of the creation process of the spectacle named Bom Retiro, 958 metros [Bom Retiro, 958 meters], by Teatro da Vertigem [Vertigo Theater], followed by a prospecting receptive activity throughout the season. It inquires about the possible power of theater to trigger some degree of destabilization in the cultural repertoire of urban men and women exposed to multiple stimuli from \"excited society\" (TÜRCKE), of subjectivities colonized by capitalism (CRARY) and relations organized around consumption (BAUMAN). The analysis and problematization of the procedures and principles invested by the group in creating the scenic apparatus, in conjunction with issues captured on listening to reception and elements taken from the horizon of expectation of artists and receptors of the play, may contribute to the debate about the place theater occupies and its relevance in contemporary society. This hypothesis is reinforced by the recognition that the link between theater and city, or the quest for \"intervention in the public imagination\" (ARANTES), mark the identity of the theater group movement (trend of contemporary scene to which belongs Teatro da Vertigem), responsible for the latest Brazilian theater renewal cycle started in the 1990s.