Cohorts of larval Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes 1847, were studied from hatch during the spring of 1985, 1986, and 1987 in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. The main objectives were to study the patterns in the larval dispersal process, to study a major spawning area for Pacific herring to determine whether this site may act as a nursery area for the resulting year-class, and to evaluate the current hypotheses concerning survival of the larval year-class for their applicability to Pacific herring. Results indicated a significant proportion of larval herring which hatched in Lambert Channel quickly dispersed into Baynes Sound, probably through a combination of tidal movements and wind driven surface currents. Baynes Sound was shown to be much more stable than Lambert Channel due to strong stratification through freshwater input and protection from wind mixing by the surrounding land masses which may also have resulted in an earlier spring plankton bloom. Baynes Sound also had significantly higher densities of microzooplankton important to the early feeding herring larvae than Lambert Channel and outside waters. The suite of potential predators was also different between the two channels with Baynes Sound having more hydromedusae and Lambert Channel having more chaetognaths and polychaetes. Analysis of larval growth rates using an RNA/DNA ratio technique on individuals from the yolk sac stage onwards indicated the larvae initially grew very slowly but, by postflexion were growing over 25 %•d⁻¹ in protein. Starvation did not appear to play an important role in mortality. The RNA/DNA ratio was demonstrated to be directly correlated with a morphometric condition factor Pacific herring larvae indicating it can also be used as a condition factor. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean protein growth rate measured with RNA/DNA ratios and the mean nauplii density. Feeding larvae in Baynes Sound were found to be growing faster than those in Lambert Channel suggesting Baynes Sound was being used as a nursery area. Analysis of otoliths suggested there was a significant increase in survival of larval herring having higher growth rates over as little as a 3-week period. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in Child Health Neurodevelopment Johannesburg, 2013 / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in infancy may influence the developing brain and lead to adverse neurodevelopmental consequences. We aim to describe the neurodevelopmental characteristics of a cohort of young children infected with HIV prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and after achieving viral suppression. A retrospective analysis of data collected as part of a randomised equivalence trial between April 2005 and May 2009, at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. 195 HIV-infected children under 2 years of age were assessed. A simple, inexpensive screening questionnaire (Ages and Stages Questionnaire - ASQ) was used to identify neurodevelopmental delays. The ASQ was administered prior to ART initiation, and again after viral suppression on a protease inhibitor-based regimen had been achieved. Median age pre-ART was 8.8 months (range 2.2 - 24.9), 53.9% were male. Mean time to viral suppression was 9.4 months (range 5.9 - 14.5) and the ASQ was administered to 108 caregivers at this time. Compared to pre-ART, at viral suppression, there was significant reduction in the proportion of children failing the gross motor (31.5% vs. 13%, p<0.01), fine motor (21.3% vs. 10.2%, p=0.02), problem solving (26.9% vs. 9.3%, p<0.001) and personal social (17.6% vs. 7.4%, p=0.02) domains. The proportion of children failing the communication domain was similar at each time point (14.8% vs. 12%, p=0.61). At time of viral suppression 10.2% failed at least one of the five domains. Achieving viral suppression on ART resulted in significant improvements in the neurodevelopmental function of young HIV-infected children, however, neurodevelopmental problems still persisted in a large proportion. Appropriate screening for neurodevelopmental delay and timely referral could help improve outcomes.

by Sau Cheung Tiu. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-388). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

by Susan Sau Han Lui. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [141]-158). / Chapter CHAPTER ONE : --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1-5 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO : --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Methods of Studying Energy Intake - Dietary Assessment --- p.6-17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Energy Intake and Growth of Children --- p.18-31 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Energy Intake and Growth Studies of Children in Other Countries / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Energy Intake and Growth Studies in Hong Kong Children / Chapter 2.3 --- Methods for Measuring Energy Expenditure --- p.31-43 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Direct Calorimetry / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Indirect Calorimetry / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Heart Rate Method / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Doubly-labbeled Water (DLW) Method / Chapter 2.4 --- Energy Expenditure Studies in Children --- p.43-48 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Energy Expenditure of Normal Children / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Energy Expenditure for Obese Children / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Energy Expenditure for Malnorished Children / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Other Energy Expenditure Data / Chapter CHAPTER THREE : --- A STUDY OF ENERGY INTAKE AND GROWTH FROM BIRTH TO TWO YEARS / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49-50 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objectives --- p.50 -51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Methodology --- p.51-69 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- The Nutritional Research Team / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Study Outline / Chapter 3.3.3 --- The Recruitment / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Study Plan / Chapter 3.3.5 --- The First and Subsequent Visits / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Measurement of Dependent Variables - Anthropometric Measurements / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Measurement of Independent Variables from Nutrient Intakes / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Other Independent Variables Considered Related to Growth Variation / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Physical and Biochemical Examination / Chapter 3.3.10 --- Data Analysis / Chapter 3.3.11 --- Summary of the approach / Chapter 3.4 --- Descriptive Results --- p.69 -84 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Demographic Data / Chapter 3.4.2 --- General Characteristics of the Children Studied / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Growth / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Dietary Intake / Chapter 3.5 --- Result of Statistical Analysis of Variables influencing Growth --- p.84-101 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Variables Affecting the Attained Standard Deviation Scores (Z scores) / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Variables Affecting the Change in Relative Positions of Growth Standard Deviation Scores (Z Scores) / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Variables Associated with Lower Attained Growth Standard Deviation Scores (Z scores) / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.101 -115 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Descriptive Data / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Whether the Variation of Growth Can be Explained by Energy Intake / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Whether the Variation of Growth Can be Explained by Other Variables / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR : --- ENERGY EXPENDITURE STUDY / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.116 / Chapter 4.2 --- Subjects --- p.116-118 / Chapter 4.3 --- Methodology --- p.118 -123 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Clinical and Anthropometric Assessments / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Dietary Assessment / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Assessment of Energy Expenditure / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.123 -127 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Background Characteristics / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Dietary Intake / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Energy Expenditure / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Comparison of Energy Intake and Expenditure / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Comparison with Other Studies / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.127 -132 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Subjects / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Energy Intake and Expenditure / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Comparison with Other Studies / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Summary / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE : --- CONCLUSIONS / Chapter 5.1 --- Pattern of Growth --- p.133 / Chapter 5.2 --- Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure of Children in Hong Kong --- p.134 / Chapter 5.3 --- Variables Affecting Growth --- p.134-136 / Chapter 5.4 --- Implications of the Study Design and Methodology 136 - --- p.138 / Chapter 5.5 --- Implication and Application of the Growth and Energy Intake Standards --- p.138-140

by Wong Ping Shing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-112). / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.viii / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- General properties of zinc / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Biochemistry of zinc --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Distribution of zinc in body --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Roles of zinc in protein function --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Zinc and zinc-binding proteins in brain / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Distribution of zinc in brain --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Metabolism of zinc in brain --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Compartments of zinc in brain --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Zinc-binding proteins in brain --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Pathological conditions of brain in relation to zinc --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4 --- Aim of the project --- p.20 / Chapter 2. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Detection of zinc-binding proteins / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Sodium-Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Electroblotting --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Radioactive zinc blotting --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Autoradiography --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Subcellular fractionation of porcine brain --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- Purification and structural characterization of a 19 kDa zinc-binding protein / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Purification of a 19 kDa protein --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Sequencing of N-terminal blocked 19 kDa protein --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4 --- Characterization of the binding and biological properties of the 19 kDa zinc-binding protein / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Effect of divalent metal ions on zinc binding to the 19 kDa protein --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Effect of pH on the dissociation of radioactive zinc from the19 kDa protein --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Radioactive calcium blotting --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Interaction of radioactive zinc and radioactive calcium binding to the 19 kDa protein --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Calmodulin activity assay --- p.35 / Chapter 3. --- RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- Specificity of radioactive zinc-blot on zinc-binding protein detection --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Zinc-binding proteins in porcine brain --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Purification and identification of a cytosolic 19 kDa zinc- binding protein in porcine brain / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Zinc-dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- N-terminal amino acid sequencing --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- High pH native gel electrophoresis of 19 kDa protein --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4 --- The zinc and calcium binding properties of the 19 kDa protein / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effect of pre-exposure to divalent cations on zinc binding --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Competition by divalent cations for zinc binding --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- pH dependency of zinc dissociation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of zinc on radioactive calcium binding --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5 --- The biological activity of the 19 kDa protein / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Effect of the 19 kDa protein on the activity of calmodulin- dependent phosphodiesterase --- p.66 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Effect of zinc on calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase activity --- p.69 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- "Effect of zinc on calcium-deficient, calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase activity" --- p.72 / Chapter 4. --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- Detection and Purification of zinc-binding proteins / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Strategy for the detection of zinc-binding proteins --- p.77 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Purification of zinc-binding protein --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2 --- Amino acid sequencing of the 19 kDa protein --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- Binding properties of the 19 kDa zinc-binding protein --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of zinc and 19 kDa zinc-binding protein on calmodulin dependent phosphodiesterase --- p.92 / Chapter 4.5 --- Effect of zinc on the properties of calmodulin --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6 --- Significance of the ability of zinc to affect calmodulin activity --- p.94 / Chapter 5. --- CONCLUSION --- p.95 / Chapter 6. --- REFERENCES --- p.97

Chung Kit Ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-104). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1-22 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Expression of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the Chiasm of Mouse Embryos / Introduction --- p.23-24 / Materials and Methods --- p.25 -27 / Results --- p.28-33 / Discussion --- p.34-40 / Figures --- p.41-45 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Effects on Axon Routing after Removal of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans by Enzymatic Digestion / Introduction --- p.46 -47 / Materials and Methods --- p.48 -50 / Results --- p.57 / Discussion --- p.57-61 / Figures --- p.62-66 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Immediate Effects of Prenatal Monocular Enucleation on the Cellular and Molecular Environment in the Development of Retinofugal Pathway / Introduction --- p.67-69 / Materials and Methods --- p.70-72 / Results --- p.73.77 / Discussion --- p.78-82 / Figures --- p.83-86 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Conclusion --- p.87-89 / References --- p.90 -104

by Cheung Chui Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-107 (2nd gp.)). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Early development of the central nervous system --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Neural crest cells and Cardiac neural crest cells --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Role of neural crest cells in cardiovascular development --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Methods in tracing neural crest cells --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Neural crest-related defects --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Animal models for studying neural crest defects --- p.16 / Chapter 1.7 --- Recent studies on the migration of cardiac neural crest cells in mammals --- p.19 / Chapter 1.8 --- Objectives of the present study --- p.22 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.26 / Pregnant mice --- p.26 / Pregnant Splotch mice (Sp2H) --- p.26 / Preparation of the handling medium --- p.27 / Preparation of the culture medium --- p.27 / Gas mixtures for embryo culture --- p.30 / Preparation of wheat germ agglutinin-gold conjugates (WGA-Au) --- p.30 / Preparation of the fixative --- p.30 / DNA solution for genotyping of Splotch embryos --- p.31 / Primers used in PCR for genotyping of Splotch embryos --- p.31 / PCR reagent system --- p.32 / 10XTBE --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.33 / Isolation of embryos from pregnant mice --- p.33 / In situ labelling of exogenous dye --- p.34 / Orthotopical grafting of neural crest fragment --- p.36 / Whole embryo culture --- p.37 / Morphological examination of cultured embryos --- p.38 / Histological examination of cultured embryos --- p.38 / Examination of labelled cells in sectioned embryos --- p.39 / Genotyping of Splotch embryos by PCR --- p.40 / Gel electrophoresis --- p.41 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- RESULTS / Chapter 3. 1 --- Initial migration of cardiac neural crest cells in normal ICR mouse embryos --- p.43 / Gross morphological examination of cultured embryos --- p.43 / Distribution of WGA-Au labelled cells in ICR normal mouse embryos --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Initial migration of cardiac neural crest cells in Splotch embryos --- p.50 / Genotyping --- p.50 / Morphological examination of Splotch mutant embryos --- p.50 / Morphological examination of in vivo Splotch embryos --- p.53 / Distribution of WGA-Au labelled cells in Splotch Embryos --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Transplantation of neural crest fragments in Splotch embryos --- p.60 / Morphological features of Splotch embryos after orthotopic grafting --- p.60 / Histological examination of Splotch embryos after grafting --- p.61 / Distribution of WGA-Au labelled cells in Splotch embryos after grafting --- p.62 / Chapter CHPATER FOUR --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- Development of embryos in vitro --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.70 / In situ labelling of WGA-Au in embryos --- p.70 / Counting of labelled cells in Sploch embryos --- p.72 / Transplantation of neural crest fragments --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- Initial migration of cardiac neural crest cells --- p.74 / Distribution of cardiac neural crest cellsin normal mouse embryos --- p.74 / Differences in the distribution of labelled neural crest cells In different genotypes of Splotch embryos --- p.78 / Distribution of cardiac neural crest cells in Splotch embryos After transplanting of neural crest fragments --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4 --- Factors in extracellular matrix affecting the migration of neural crest cells --- p.88 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- CONCLUSION --- p.91 / REFERENCES --- p.96 / FIGURES AND LEGEND / TABLES / GRAPHS

by Chung Hoi Sing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-106). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.v / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Angiogenesis in general --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- The concept of angiogenesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The process of angiogenesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Measurement of angiogenesis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- In vivo assays --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- In vitro assays --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Angiogenic factors --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Angiogenesis in the female reproductive system --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Evidence of hormonally-regulated angiogenesis in endocrine tissues --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Ovary --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Thyroid --- p.11 / Chapter 1.6 --- Angiogenesis in the testis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Structure of testicular vasculature --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Angiogenic factors in the testis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Vascular effects of hCG/LH in the testis --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Postnatal development of testicular vasculature --- p.17 / Chapter 1.7 --- Aims of the present study --- p.19 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Animals --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- Experimental design --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Testicular angiogenesis in adult rats - hormonal stimulation by hCG --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Changes with time after hCG treatment --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Effect of Leydig cell depletion --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Effect of Leydig cell suppression by subcutaneous testosterone-filled silastic implants --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Effect of testicular macrophage activation --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Effect of testicular macrophage depletion --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Developmental changes in testicular angiogenesis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- Perfusion of testes with fixative or Indian Ink --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- Processing of the testes for histological sections --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5 --- Immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6 --- Immunohistochemical staining for vascular endothelial growth factor --- p.32 / Chapter 2.7 --- Quantification of PCNA-positive endothelial cells --- p.33 / Chapter 2.8 --- Quantification of blood vessel density --- p.34 / Chapter 2.9 --- Estimation of intertubular area in testis section --- p.35 / Chapter 2.10 --- Preparation of liposome-entrapped dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP-lp) --- p.38 / Chapter 2.11 --- Radioimmunoassay of serum tsetosterone --- p.38 / Chapter 2.12 --- Statistical analyses --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- hCG-induced increase in endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat testes --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Testicular histology --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Changes in the number of PCNA-positive endothelial cells --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Changes in blood vessel density --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Changes in testis weight and serum testosterone concentration --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effect of Leydig cell depletion by ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS) on hCG-induced endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat testes --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Testicular histology --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Changes in the number of PCNA-positive endothelial cells --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Changes in serum testosterone concentration and testis weight --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect ofLeydig cell suppression by testosterone-filled subcutaneous silastic implants on hCG-induced endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat testes --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Changes in serum testosterone concentration, testis weight, and testicular intertubular area" --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Changes in the number of PCNA-positive endothelial cells --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Changes in the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoreactivity in the testis --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of testicular macrophage activation by polystyrene latex beads on hCG-induced endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat testes --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Testicular histology --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Changes in the number of PCNA-positive endothelial cells --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Changes in testis weight and serum testosterone concentration --- p.65 / Chapter 3.5 --- Effect of testicular macrophage depletion by liposome-entrapped C12MDP treatment on hCG-induced endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat testes --- p.67 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Testicular histology --- p.68 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Changes in the number of PCNA-positive endothelial cells --- p.68 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Changes in testis weight and serum testosterone --- p.72 / Chapter 3.6 --- Endothelial cell proliferation in rat testes during postnatal development --- p.74 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Changes in the number of PCNA-positive endothelial cells --- p.74 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Changes in blood vessel density --- p.74 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Changes in testis weight and intertubular area of the testes --- p.77 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- hCG-induced endothelial cell proliferation and changes in blood vessel density --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2 --- Role of Leydig cells in hCG-induced endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat testes --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- Role of testicular macrophages in hCG-induced endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat testes --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4 --- Testicular angiogenesis during postnatal development --- p.88 / Chapter 5. --- References --- p.92

Leung Kin Mei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-125). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1-11 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- ENZYMATIC REMOVAL OF CHONDROITIN SULFATES ABOLISHES THE AGE-RELATED ORDER IN THE OPTIC TRACT OF MOUSE EMBRYOS / INTRODUCTION --- p.12-13 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.13-18 / RESULTS --- p.18-24 / DISCUSSION --- p.24-29 / FIGURES --- p.30-39 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- EXPRESSION OF PHOSPHACAN AND NEUROCAN IN THE DEVELOPING MOUSE RETINOFUGAL PATHWAY / INTRODUCTION --- p.40-42 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.42-43 / RESULTS --- p.44-49 / DISCUSSION --- p.49-55 / FIGURES --- p.56-61 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN EXPRESSION IN THE OPTIC CHIASM OF MOUSE EMBRYOS / INTRODUCTION --- p.62-63 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.63-65 / RESULTS --- p.66-70 / DISCUSSION --- p.70-76 / FIGURES --- p.77-82 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- EXPRESSION OF NEURAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN THE CHIASM OF MOUSE EMBRYOS / INTRODUCTION --- p.83-85 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.85-88 / RESULTS --- p.88-92 / DISCUSSION --- p.92.95 / FIGURES --- p.96-102 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- GERNEAL CONCLUSION --- p.103-105 / REFERENCES --- p.106-125

Wong Chun Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-160). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Abbreviations --- p.v / Acknowledgement --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General review of angiogenesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Angiogenesis in development and growth --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The process of angiogenesis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Types of factors controlling angiogenesis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Roles of VEGF and its receptors in the regulation of angiogenesis --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- VEGF --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- VEGF receptors --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Regulation of VEGF expression by hypoxia and nitric oxide… --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Signal transduction mechanisms of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Anti-apoptotic effect ofVEGF on endothelial cells as a result of signal transduction of VEGFR-2 --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- Angiopoietins --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Angiopoietins 3 and 4 (Ang-3 and Ang-4) --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4 --- "Interaction among VEGF, angiopoietin and Tie in the maintenance of vasculature" --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5 --- Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF factor homology domains - Tie 1 and Tie 2 --- p.28 / Chapter 1.6 --- Angiopoietin expression in female reproductive tissues (ovary) --- p.33 / Chapter 1.7 --- Testicular angiogenesis --- p.37 / Chapter 1.8 --- Aims of the present study --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Preparation of primary cells from rat testes --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Sertoli cell preparation --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Germ cell preparation --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Interstitial cell and Leydig cell preparation --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cell cultures --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Reagents and cell lines --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Cell lines of mouse TM3 Leydig cells and TM4 Sertoli cells --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Mouse MLTC-1 Leydig tumour cells --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Rat R2C Leydig tumour cells --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Rat LC540 Leydig tumour cells --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- "Rat C6 glioma cells.............," --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Analyses of Angiopoietin 1, Angiopoietin 2, Angiopoietin3, Tie 1 receptor, and Tie 2 receptor mRNA in testicular cell lines and testicular tissues" --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction of total RNA from testicular cell lines and testicular tissues --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Quantitation of total RNA --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- First strand cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription (RT) --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Normalization of the amounts of cDNA usedin polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Purification of PCR products --- p.65 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Confirmation of PCR product authenticity by automated DNA sequencing --- p.66 / Chapter 2.4 --- Western blot analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Preparation of cell lysates from primary testicular cells and testicular cell lines --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Preparation of mouse testicular tissue and adult rat testicular tissue lysates --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Determination of protein concentration --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Reagents for Western blot analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Preparation of protein samples and markers for Western blot analysis --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.72 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Transfer of proteins to membrane --- p.74 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- Blocking of the membrane --- p.74 / Chapter 2.4.9 --- Immunoblotting --- p.75 / Chapter 2.5 --- "Immunohistochemical staining for Ang-1, Ang-2，Ang-3, Tie 1 and Tie 2 in rat testes" --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Expression of Ang-1 and Ang-1 alternatively spliced transcripts in the testis and other testicular cell types --- p.81 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Detection of Ang-1 expression in the testis and and testicular cell types by nested PCR --- p.81 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Detection of Ang-1 expression in testicular cell lines by nested PCR --- p.82 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Sequence analysis of Ang-1 transcript amplified from adult rat testis --- p.84 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Detection of alternatively spliced species of Ang-1 mRNA in the testis and other testicular cell lines --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2 --- Expression of Ang-2 and Ang-2 isoforms in the testis and various testicular cell types --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Detection of Ang-2 expression in the testis and testicular cell types by nested PCR --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Detection of Ang-2 expression in testicular cell lines by nested PCR --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Sequence analysis of Ang-2 transcript amplified from adult rat testis --- p.98 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Detection of the expression of Ang-2 isoforms in adult rat testis --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3 --- Expression of Ang-3 in the testis and testicular cell types --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Detection of Ang-3 expression in the testis and primary testicular cells by RT-PCR --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Detection of Ang-3 expression in testicular cell lines by RT-PCR --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Sequence analysis of Ang-3 transcripts amplified from TM4 mouse Sertoli cells and adult rat testis --- p.105 / Chapter 3.4 --- Expression of Tie 1 and Tie 2 in the testis and testicular blood vessel --- p.110 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Detection of Tie 1 and Tie 2 expression in the testis and rat testicular blood vessel by RT-PCR --- p.110 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Sequence analysis of Tie 1 transcripts amplified from adult rat testis and rat testicular blood vessel --- p.113 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Sequence analysis of Tie 2 transcript amplified from rat testicular blood vessel --- p.113 / Chapter 3.5 --- "Western blot analysis of Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression in testicular tissues, primary testicular cells and cell lines" --- p.116 / Chapter 3.6 --- "Localization of Ang-1，Ang-2, Ang-4, Tie 1 and Tie2 proteins in adult rat testis by immunohistochemistry" --- p.122 / Chapter 3.7 --- "Comparison of angiopoietin expression patterns in testis using RT-PCR, Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry" --- p.128 / Chapter 3.8 --- Comparison of Tie 1 and Tie 2 expression patterns in testis using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry --- p.128 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- "Expression of Ang-1 mRNA and protein in adult rat testis, mouse testis, rat testicular blood vessel, primary testicular cells and testicular cell lines" --- p.131 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Expression of Ang-2 mRNA and protein in adult rat testis, mouse testis, rat testicular blood vessel, primary testicular cells and testicular cell lines" --- p.136 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Expression of Ang-3 mRNA and protein in adult rat testis, mouse testis, rat testicular blood vessel, primary testicular cells and testicular cell lines" --- p.141 / Chapter 4.4 --- Expression of Tie 1 and Tie 2 mRNAs and proteinsin adult rat testis and rat testicular blood vessel --- p.143 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.145 / Chapter 4.6 --- Future work --- p.146 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- References --- p.149