Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / Menggwa Dla is a Papuan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea and Kabupaten Jayapura of Papua Province, Indonesia. Menggwa Dla is a dialect of the Dla language; together with its sister language Anggor (e.g. Litteral 1980), the two languages form the Senagi language family, one of the small Papuan language families found in North-Central New Guinea. The main text of this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the linguistic, cultural and political landscapes of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area where the Dla territory is located. Chapter 2 introduces the phonology of Menggwa Dla; described in this chapter are the phonemes, allophonic variations, phonotactics, morpho-phonological processes, stress assignment and intonation of the language. The inventory of phonemes in Menggwa is average for a Papuan language (15 consonants and 5 vowels). The vast majority of syllables come in the shape of V, CV or C1C2V where C2 can be /n/ /r/ /l/ /j/ or /w/. In C1C2V syllables, the sonority rises from C1 to V (§2.2.2). Nevertheless, there are a few words with word-medial consonant sequences like ft /ɸt/, lk /lk/, lf /lɸ/ or lk /lk/ where the sonority drops from the first to the second consonant; the first consonant in these sequences is analysed as the coda of the previous syllable (§2.2.3). Chapter 3 is an overview of the word classes in Menggwa Dla; the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of the three major word classes (nouns, adjectives and verbs) and the minor word classes are compared in this chapter. Chapter 4 describes the properties of nouns and noun phrases; the person-number-gender categories, noun-phrasal syntax, nominal clitics and personal pronouns are outlined in this chapter. Menggwa Dla has a rich array of case, topic and focus markers which comes in the form of clitics (§4.5). Subject pronouns (‘citation pronouns’) only mark person (i.e. one for each of the three persons), whereas object and genitive pronouns mark person (including inclusive/exclusive first person), number, and sometimes also gender features (§4.6). Chapter 5 introduces various morphological and syntactic issues which are common to both independent and dependent clauses: verb stems, verb classes, cross-referencing, intraclausal syntax, syntactic transitivity and semantic valence. Cross-referencing in Menggwa Dla is complex: there are seven paradigms of subject cross-reference suffixes and four paradigms of object cross-references. Based on their cross-referencing patterns, verbs are classified into one of five verb classes (§5.2). There is often a mismatch between the number of cross-reference suffixes, the semantic valence, and the syntactic transitivity within a clause. There are verbs where the subject cross-reference suffix, or the object suffix, or both the subject and object suffixes are semantically empty (‘dummy cross-reference suffixes’; §5.3.2). Chapter 6 outlines the morphology of independent verbs and copulas. Verbal morphology differs greatly between the three statuses of realis, semi-realis and irrealis; a section is devoted to the morphology for each of the three statuses. Chapter 7 introduces the dependent clauses and verbal noun phrases. Different types of dependent verbs are deverbalised to various degrees: subordinate verbs are the least deverbalised, chain verbs are more deverbalised (but they mark switch-reference (SR), and sometimes also interclausal temporal relations), and non-finite chain verbs even more deverbalised. Further deverbalised than the non-finite chain verbs are the verbal nouns; verbal noun phrases in Menggwa Dla functions somewhat like complement clauses in English. In younger speakers speech, the function of the chain clause SR system has diverted from the canonical SR system used by older speakers (§7.2.2). For younger speakers, coreferential chain verb forms and disjoint-reference chain verb forms only have their coreferential and disjoint-referential meaning — respectively — when the person-number-gender features of the two subject cross-reference suffixes cannot resolve the referentiality of the two subjects. Otherwise, the coreferential chain verb forms have become the unmarked SR-neutral chain verb forms. At the end of this thesis are appendix 1, which contains four Menggwa Dla example texts, and appendix 2, which contains tables of cross-reference suffixes, pronouns, copulas and irregular verbs.

Thesis (D. Miss.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1994. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-213).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2008. / Typescript. Faculty verified from student enrolment details (SMP) as no information on thesis title page. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 282-316.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Anthropology, December 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1970. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-114).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, Department of Anthropology, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-75).

The present study provides the results of detailed mapping and analysis of structures encountered in Seguelen pit of Siguiri gold mine, Guinea, where the Siguiri mine is geo-tectonically located in the Baoulé-Mossi domain of Man Shield in West African craton. The gold deposit is hosted in low-grade metamorphic sediments of turbidites sequences which form part of the Lower Proterozoic of Birimian Super group. Three rock formations of Balato, Fatoya and Kintinian underlay the overall pits. The Siguiri gold mine is characterized by the deep weathering profile, developed over the rocks reaching 200 m below the surface in some areas and often capped by the lateritic gravel or duricrust. The rock formations at Seguelen area are characterised by strong bedding monotonously dipping towards SW and trending NW-SE. The lithology of the host rocks has strong control on the disseminated mineralisation throughout the deposit. Two domains of rock formations are clearly distinguished at Seguelen:  Fatoya Formation(Ffm) domain ; and  Kintinian Formation (Kfm) domain. The two domains are separated by a contact zone of 1.7 m wide parallel to bedding and characterised by the presence of quartz fragments as well as thinly sheeted shale and black shale. This contact zone is identified as disconformity. The major tectonic deformation which has affected the region is known as D2 corresponding to the Eburnean orogeny. The major D2 related structures is the regional thrust striking N-S over an area of 12 km long and 3 km wide and within which corridors all Siguiri gold Mine open pits are located. In the N-S trending structures, there is east-northeast shortening and north-northwest extension. There is pervasive hydrothermal alteration (carbonatization and sideritization) and supergene alteration in the all pits. The hydrothermal alteration attests the intensity of hydrothermal fluid-flow over the host rocks. The hydrothermal fluids flowed along the fractures and within the wall rocks through bedding plans to form numerous auriferous quartz veins bearing disseminated sulphides through chemical reaction between fluids and wall rocks, which are remarkable at Seguelen pit. Three quartz vein sets are distinguished at Seguelen:  NNE-SSW quartz vein set  NE-SW quartz vein set  NW-SE quartz vein set The NE-SW and NNE-SSW quartz veins are often lenticular and associated with the bulk mineralisation.

MSc (Applied Mathematics)) / Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics

This study occurred during July, August, and September in the Small Animals Investigation and Production Center (CIPAM), dependent of the Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock, and Veterinary Sciences of the Technical University of Oruro, of the Central Highland of Bolivia. In order to satisfy guinea pig nutrition requirements, which are 2800.00 kcal/kg of energy, 18.00% protein, 10.00% fiber, 1.00% calcium, and 0.60% phosphorus, the following ingredients were used in feed: 11.30% yellow corn, 30.00% milled wheat [Bromus catharticus], 14.00% soy cake, 32.00% wheat bran, 9.00% alfalfa flour, 1.80% bone flour, 1.00% conchilla, 0.50% common salt, and 0.40% methionine. The effect that vitamin C deficiency causes is scurvy, with 100% mortality of guinea pigs at 28 days without green forage. This investigation was made with supplementation of canahua, wheat, and soybean sprouts in the growth stage with the object of replacing green forage in winter by presenting vitamin C. Canihua sprouts at 8 days gave a maximum of 6.28mg of vitamin C /100g of sample, and wheat sprouts at 8 days gave a maximum of 16.09mg of vitamin C/100g of sample. Soybean sprouts at 13 days reached 21.41mg of vitamin C /100g of sample, which continued to increase, but one should be warned that maintaining sprouts of this species is expensive. Rations consisted of 90.00g of sprouts plus 72.00g of feed per guinea pig, with the oral administration of 12.98mg of vitamin C in water solution per guinea pig used in the area. The reason is the improvement in guinea pig meat production with high protein content (20.30%), compared to cattle (17.50%) and sheep (14.50%), and the lower cholesterol of guinea pig (7.80%) compared to cattle (21.80%) and sheep (37.80%), and at a lower cost, with organic sprouts of high nutritional value. The canahua-soybean sprout treatment with 45% dry matter, 5.73% ash, 7.03% ether extract, 25.50% protein, 6.85% raw fiber, and 51.58% free nitrogen extract at 64 days of winter growth showed a live weight gain of 437.73g in relation to pure feed of 66.05% dry matter, 7.33% ash, 2.83% ether abstract, 19.51% raw protein, 7.52% raw fiber, and 56.46% free nitrogen extract with 359.23g. The difference is 78.50g, which is significant at 0.05 with a t-test. The result indicates that the canahua-soybean interaction is the best for live weight gain at 64 days of growth with respect to normal feed, for which the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis accepted. The live weight gain by sex in guinea pigs at 48 and 64 days of growth was highly significant, in females from 206.67g (4.3g/day) to 303.29g (4.74g/day) and in males from 262.27g (5.46g/day) to 392.27g (6.13g/day), with differences between males and females of 55.6 and 89g. These results show that male guinea pigs generally gain more weight than females during growth, which could be commercialized in the opportune moment. The food conversion between sexes fed with the different sprouts at 64 days of growth was 9.55 in females and 7.62 in males, a difference of 1.90. Also, the sex-soybean interaction in females with soybean was 10.31 and in males with soybean 6.79, a difference of 3.52, which is significant at 0.01. Similarly, the food conversion at 64 days of treatment by canahua sprouts and a feed with 41.34% dry matter, 5.69% ash, 3.47% ether extract, 20.58% raw protein, 8.04% raw fiber, and 56.25% free nitrogen extract is 7.90. In relation to just the feed it is 9.20, with a difference of 1.30. In a t-test this is significant at 0.05. These results show that male guinea pigs eat less food and grow more than females under the same conditions. The lowest production cost was obtained with canahua-feed interaction, in females Bs4.0/guinea pig (US$0.501) and in males Bs3.9/guinea pig (US$0.488). Canahua-soybean interaction yielded Bs5.50/guinea pig (US$0.689) for females and Bs5.50/guinea pig (US$0.689) for males. Normal feed yielded Bs4.20/guinea pig (US$0.526) for females and Bs5.40/guinea pig (US$0.676) for males. (US$1 = Bs7.98). Also, there was a percentage variation for the canahua-soybean-feed interaction in females of 5.00% lower than just feed and in males 27.80% lower than just feed. These results show that it is best to use canahua sprouts plus feed because this gives the lowest costs of feeding growing guinea pigs in winter.

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