The dose-response ototoxic effects of cisplatin were studied in guinea pigs. Loss of Preyer reflex and suppression of the N1 amplitude occurred in cisplatin-treated animals and was described as dose-related. Drug-induced hair cell damage, as observed with scanning electron microscopy, occurred sporadically throughout the turns of the cochlea and the incidence increased with dose. Na, K-ATPase activity in the lateral wall tissues was not significantly different between treatment groups. The results reported here indicate that cisplatin ototoxicity was dose-dependent, but was not directly related to Na,K-ATPase activity in the lateral wall.

Arthroderma benhamiae has been almost unknown among clinical mycologists but it is a cause of around 40 % of dermatophytic infections according to current studies in the Czech Republic. The species is primarily transmitted to humans from guinea pigs and other rodents. The epidemiological situation is similar in other countries in Central and Western Europe. The reason of significant increase in the incidence of infections has not been identified yet, and no sufficiently informative molecular markers have been developed for typification of the species that could help to resolve the cause of this problem. For the purposes of this study, isolates (n=268) from cases of human and animal dermatophytoses from the Czech Republic, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Japan and USA were selected. Ten variable microsatellite markers were developed and sequence analysis of two genetic loci (ITS rDNA and gpdh gene) were performed to reveal intraspecific variation. Phenotype was also studied at the level of micro- and macromorphology of the strains and growth parameters at several temperatures and on several cultivation media. Mating type idiomorph of each isolate was determined and mating experiments were performed by crossing pairs of genetically related as well as genetically distant strains. Sequence...

The aim of this work was to find out the social behaviour and interactions among the established group of guinea pigs (Cavia aperea var. porcellus) and the newly assembled groups, with each group being monitored three times, always for 24 hours. A total of 12 short-haired guinea pigs of smooth coat breed with balanced age distribution, divided into three groups, were monitored. The behaviour and activities of guinea pigs were recorded on a camcorder followed with subsequent evaluation of video recordings by means of ethograms and verbal description. Among monitored and evaluated activities were rest and sleep, feed and water intake, comfort behaviour, movement and conflict. In guinea pigs, there were proven differences in behaviour for all of the activities monitored. The individuality of individuals and their different behaviours manifested themselves, with each of them behaving a little bit differently from the others. By comparing the groups, significant differences in behaviour were found. Each individual behaved a little bit differently, but the same pattern of behaviour was not repeated among the groups. Also, it was found that the number of conflicts among guinea pigs decrease overtime for which the guinea pigs are together.

Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) is erroneous in up to one third of patients when based on clinical criteria and elevated serum amylase values. Furthermore, according to autopsy reports fatal pancreatitis remains clinically undiagnosed in 22 to 86 % of hospitalised patients. Consequently, search for better methods for the diagnosis of AP seems not only justified but urgent. The pancreas secretes an nonspecific lipase, the carboxylic ester hydrolase (CEH) with molecular properties different from other pancreatic secretory enzymes. These differences may imply that sites and rates of clearances from blood of pancreatic enzymes differ. Except for the pancreas this enzyme is secreted from the lactating mammary gland with milk. A sensitive and reproducible sandwich-ELISA for quantitative determination of CEH was developed. When establishing referent values it was noted that in individuals aged 20 to 65 years serum concentrations of CEH did not depend on age, gender, the time of the day or duration from food intake to blood sampling, or use of nicotine. The mammary gland did not contribute significantly to basal serum levels of CEH; enzyme levels in lactating women or women with mammary tumours were identical to those of the reference population. Seventy percent of patients with the diagnosis AP, based on elevated serum amylase levels and abdominal pain, had elevated CEH values. Among the patients with elevated amylase alone a probable cause of pancreatitis was lacking in the majority of patients. Contrastingly, a likely cause of AP could be identified in all patients presenting with abdominal pain and elevated CEH levels alone. These findings suggested that an elevated CEH level indicated AP more reliably than an elevated amylase level. In patients with AP diagnosed by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) alone, or combined with histopathological diagnosis, serum CEH levels were elevated on admission in all but one patient, and in all within the next 24 h. Furthermore, in patients with severe pancreatitis CEH levels remained at a raised level from the second to at least the 10:th day following admission, whereas a significant decrease was noted in patients with mild pancreatitis. In contrast, serum amylase values were higher in patients with mild pancreatitis during the observation period than in those with severe pancreatitis. CEH levels were higher in patients with three or more Ranson signs than in those with less than three signs from the first day after admission. CEH levels were within referent range in 164 patients without known pancreatic disease admitted due to abdominal emergency conditions, or due to planned surgery for chronic extrapancreatic gastrointestinal diseases, and 16 patients having CECT without pathological findings in the pancreas. This suggests that AP can be excluded with very high degree of probability in presence of non-elevated CEH levels. A sandwich ELISA for determination of Guinea pig CEH and a model for graded pancreatitis in the same species were developed. CEH levels showed proportional to severity of inflammation, thus confirming previous clinical observations. CEH levels in bile were proportional to inflammation, while it was absent in urine. Amylase levels in urine were identical regardless of severity of inflammation, but low in bile. These results suggested differences in sites and rates of clearance between the two enzymes. Seemingly elevated CEH levels allowed identification of clinically significant pancreatitis following ERCP, which amylase levels did not. The presented studies have shown that quantitative determination in serum of CEH by the described method is a more reliable test for the diagnosis of AP than determination of amylase activity. The differences between CEH and amylase are, at least partly, due to differences in molecular properties determining rates and routes of clearances of the two enzymes from serum. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 5 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu.se

Baigiamojo darbo tikslas buvo ištirti 3 metų amžiaus jūrų kiaulyčių kiaušidžių folikulų ir jų ovocitų morfometrinius ypatumus. LSMU Patologijos centre buvo atliktas trijų jūrų kiaulyčių preparavimas ir paimta tyrimams reikalinga medžiaga. Anatomijos ir Fiziologijos katedroje buvo atliktas histologinių preparatų paruošimas. Preparatai buvo naudojami atlikti mikroskopines nuotraukas naudojant histologinių vaizdų analizatorių (mikroskopą) „Olympus DP72 BX63“. Naudojant UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows Version 3 programą buvo atlikta 3 jūrų kiaulyčių, kurių amžius 3 metai, užuomazginių, pirminių ir antrinių kiaušidės folikulų, bei juose esančių ovocitų, ovocitų branduolių, folikulinių ląstelių bei pamatinės membranos morfometriniai matavimai. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant statistinę programą ANOVA (Statistica Version 10, StatSoft inc.). Mūsų tyrimo metu buvo nustatyta, kad 3 metų amžiaus jūrų kiaulyčių kiaušidžių užuomazginių folikulų diametras svyravo nuo 23,22±2,62 µm iki 26,16±3,58 µm, ovocitų diametras svyravo nuo 6,26±1,13 µm iki 7,37±0,51 µm. Pirminių kiaušidžių folikulų diametras svyravo nuo 48,68±1,47 µm iki 61,78±4,33 µm, ovocitų dydis siekė nuo 13,56±5,48 µm iki 14,61±2,79 µm. Antrinių kiaušidžių folikulų diametras svyravo nuo 149,34±29,97 µm iki 209,46±52,54 µm, ovocitų diametras svyravo nuo 41,6±8,35 µm iki 63,59±4,67 µm. Visų tirtų jūrų kiaulyčių užuomazginių kiaušidžių folikulų diametras, plotas, ovocitų diametras ir plotas, ovocitų branduolių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master ending work includes 43 pages, 35 pictures, to write the work was used 32 literary sources. The aim of this work was to investigate morphometric features of different stages ovarian follicles and oocytes in 3 years old three guinea pigs. 3 guinea pigs‘ preparation was performed in the LSMU Pathology center, was taken required material for the research. Histological preparations laying in were performed in the Anatomy and Physiology department. Preparations were used perform microscopic images using histological image analyzer (microscope) „Olympus DP72 BX63“. Using UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows Version 3 program was performed 3 guinea pigs, with age 3 years, primordial, primary and secondary ovarian follicles’, oocytes’, oocyte nucleis’, follicular cells’ and basement membranes’ morphometric measurements. Statistical analysis of the data performed using the statistical program ANOVA (Statistical Version 10, Stat Soft inc.). Our research showed, that 3 years old guinea pigs‘ primordial ovarian follicle diameter ranged from 23,22±2,62 µm till 26,16±3,58 µm, oocyte diameter ranged from 6,26±1,13 µm till 7,37±0,51 µm. Primary ovarian follicle diameter ranged from 48,68±1,47 µm till 61,78±4,33 µm, oocyte size was from 13,56±5,48 µm till 14,61±2,79 µm. Secondary ovarian follicle diameter ranged from 149,34±29,97 µm till 209,46±52,54 µm, oocyte diameter ranged from 41,6±8,35 µm till 63,59±4,67 µm. All guinea pigs primordial follicles’ diameter and area, oocytes’ diameter... [to full text]

Pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti ir palyginti skirtingo selektyvumo alfa1 adrenoreceptorių antagonistų (prazosino ir tamsulozino) farmakologinį poveikį izoliuotoms laboratorinių jūrų kiaulyčių kraujagyslėms eksperimentiniame modelyje in vitro. Tyrimams pasirinkti laboratoriniai gyvūnai – dėl tinkamo kraujagyslių spindžio ne jaunesni nei 8 – 12 savaičių amžiaus linijinių jūrų kiaulyčių patinėliai. Vaistų poveikis buvo vertinamas izoliuotoms kraujagyslėms – jų aortoms ir inkstų arterijoms. Eksperimentas atliktas naudojant organų vonelę PTK23 – 220 Pharmacology Kit (ADInstruments, Jungtinė Karalystė). Duomenys registruoti ,,LabChart“ programine įranga. Prazosino ir tamsulozino poveikiui įvertinti kraujagyslės buvo veikiamos atitinkamai 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM ir 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM koncentracijų tirpalais. Prazosino 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM koncentracijos sukėlė aortos atsipalaidavimą atitinkamai per 0,043±0,030 g, 0,083±0,022 g ir 0,195±0,040 g jėgą, inkstų arterijos – per 0,065±0,013 g, 0,075±0,024 g ir 0,173±0,026 g jėgą. Tamsulozino 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM koncentracijos sukėlė aortos atsipalaidavimą atitinkamai per 0,015±0,012 g, 0,080±0,018 g, 0,133±0,039 g jėgą, inkstų arterijos – per 0,025±0,020 g, 0,078±0,035 g ir 0,123±0,037 g jėgą. Vertinant aortos dilataciją, gauti statistiškai patikimi skirtumai tarp visų prazosino (10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM) koncentracijų. Inkstų arterijos atsipalaidavimo vertinime nenustatytas statistiškai patikimas skirtumas tarp 10 nM ir 100... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main aim of the research was to evaluate and compare the pharmacological influence of α1 adrenoreceptor antagonists (prazosin and tamsulosin) of different selectivity over the isolated laboratorial guinea pig blood vessels in experimental model in vitro. The male linear guinea pigs, not younger than 8-12 weeks, were selected as the object of the investigation because of their relevant blood vessel size. The influence of medicine over isolated blood vessels, aortas and kidney arteries, was evaluated. The experiment was carried out by using the utensil for organs PTK23- 220 Pharmacology Kit (AD instruments, United Kingdom). The data is registered with the software “LabChart”. The blood vessels were processed with the concentrated solutions 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM, and 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, accordingly, to evaluate the influence of prazosin and tamsulosin. The concentrations of prazosin 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM caused the ease of aorta, accordingly, in 0,043±0,030g, 0,083±0,022g, and 0,195±0,040g power, the ease of kidney artery - in 0,065±0,013g, 0,075±0,024g, and 0,173±0,026g power. The concentrations of tamsulosin 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM caused the ease of aorta, accordingly, in 0,015±0,012g, 0,080±0,018g, 0,133±0,039 power, the ease of kidney artery – in 0,025±0,020g, 0,078±0,035g, and 0,123±0,037g power. Aming to estimate the dilation of aorta, statistically reliable differences among all concentrations of prazosin (10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM) were acquired. In the estimation of... [to full text]

The aim of the work was to find out and analyse social interactions and activities of the guinea pigs (Cavia aperea var. porcellus) during 24 hours. Five groups of short-haired guinea pigs were observed. The guinea pigs were filmed. Next, video records were analysed using ethograms and description of social behaviour between group members. Data record was written down to ethograms every 1 minute for a periof of 24 hours. Observed activities were food intake, resting (including sleep), movement and comfort beahaviour (grooming). Generally, eighteen guinea pigs (in five groups) were observed. Guinea pigs are friendly animals, they create stable and well-organised groups. None aggressive behaviour was observed between group members. Besides small conflicts because of age difference, food or interruption during sleep. The oldest sows were dominant and their place was close to food. It was found out that guinea pigs rested the most (726 minutes, half-day). Food intake made up 590 minutes (41 %) and movement 84 minutes (6 %). More active were younger guinea pigs and boar who was housed with two sows. Comfort behaviour took 41 minutes, guinea pigs also took cares of each other.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of vitamine C on weight, health and reproduction on a selected brand of rodents. The model animal was selected the guinea pig (Cavia aperea v. porcellus) whose sensitivity on the lack of vitamine C in food is well known. The guinea pig is not able to create vitamine C in its body like the man and its only possible posuply is in food. Vitamine C is characterised by a wide range of effect and its lack in the organism causes considerable ailments. The guinea pigs in the investigated breed were divided into several groups of similar constitution. Four groups were provided food containing added vitamin C, other four groups depended only on vitamin C present in food available in the season. The monitoring was carried out in 2005 and 2007. The weight of the guinea pigs was checked out every three days. The weigh, health and reproductive indexes were monitored during the whole experiment. According to the acquired results it is possible to affirm the importance of vitamin C in the life of guinea pigs. Guinea pigs that are not able to synthesise vitamine C by themselves are fully dependent on its supply in food. Consequently, in case of an insufficient amount of vitamine C in the food ration of a guinea pig is essential its subsequent addition. There are not many pieces of knowledge and written technical sources dealing with the breed of the guinea pig, therefore this study might represent an asset to the breeders and research.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-10-31T18:35:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARJORIE 1.pdf: 1501690 bytes, checksum: cff8cd81b84e5a52cfea3b2b854df884 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T18:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARJORIE 1.pdf: 1501690 bytes, checksum: cff8cd81b84e5a52cfea3b2b854df884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / FACEPE / Simarouba amara (Simaroubaceae) é popularmente conhecida como "pau-paraíba" ou “marupá”. No Brasil, é encontrada em todo o litoral brasileiro e tem sido usada na medicina tradicional, principalmente no tratamento de alterações de origens inflamatória, gástrica e respiratória. Esse estudo avaliou a possível atividade espasmolítica do extrato aquoso da casca do caule de Simarouba amara (EASa). Nesse sentido, ensaios in vitro de curvas concentração-efeito (CCE) simples ou cumulativas foram obtidas para histamina, carbacol, KCl e CaCl2 na ausência ou presença de EASa ou verapamil (VRP) no íleo isolado de cobaia. Os resultados mostram que o EASa (125, 250 e 500 µg/mL) e o VRP (0,025 a 3,2 µM) reduziram estatisticamente os componentes fásicos e tônicos das CCE simples para histamina, carbacol e KCl. Nas CCE cumulativas induzidas por histamina e carbacol, o ESSa e VRP produziram redução significativa do efeito máximo (Emáx) sem deslocamento das curvas à direita, características de antagonismo do tipo não competitivo. Nas curvas cumulativas de CaCl2, EASa e VRP reduziram significativamente o Emáx, contudo com deslocamento da curva à direita, que no caso do EASa foi observado apenas com a maior dose. Na presença do anti-histamínico H1 hidroxizina (HXZ, 0,125 e 0,250 μM), observou-se redução do Emáx das CCE cumulativas de histamina de 100,00 ± 0,00 para 84,53 ± 6,44% e 63,25 ± 4,63% respectivamente e deslocamento significativo à direita (pCE50 controle = 7,08 ± 0,04 para pCE50 = 5,46 ± 0,28 e 5,54 ± 0,19) respectivamente. Quando o EASa (250 e 500 µg/mL) foi associado ao HXZ houve potencialização significativa da redução do Emáx 32,72 ± 1,95% e 17,83 ± 2,48% respectivamente, todavia, os deslocamentos das curvas cumulativas à direita (pCE50 = 5,13 ± 0,23 e 4,80 ± 0,74) não foram estatisticamente diferentes das obtidas na presença de hidroxizina. O conjunto dos resultados sugere possível ação espasmolítica não seletiva do extrato aquoso da casca de Simarouba amara, a qual foi correlacionada inicialmente ao bloqueio do influxo de cálcio através dos canais de cálcio voltagem dependentes. / Simarouba amara (Simaroubaceae) is popularly known as "pau-paraíba" or "marupá". In Brazil, it is found throughout the Brazilian coast and has been used in traditional medicine, especially in the treatment of disorders of inflammatory origins, gastric and respiratory. This study evaluated the possible spasmolytic activity of the aqueous extract of the bark of Simarouba amara . Accordingly, in vitro concentrationeffect curves (CCE) were obtained from single or cumulative histamine, carbachol, KCl and CaCl2 in the absence or presence of this or verapamil on isolated guinea pig ileum. The results show that the EASa (125, 250 and 500 µg / ml), and VRP (3,2 0.025 mM) statistically reduced the phasic and tonic components of the single CCE histamine, carbachol and KCl. The cumulative CCE induced by histamine and carbachol, the VRP and this produced a significant reduction of the maximum effect (Emax) without shifting the curves to the right, antagonism characteristics of the noncompetitive type. In the cumulative curve CaCl2, and EASa VRP Emax significantly reduced, yet with displacement of the right turn, in which case the EASa was observed only at the highest dose. In the presence of H1 antihistamine hydroxyzine (HXZ, 0.125 and 0.250 mM), there was reduction of Emax pCE50 cumulative 100.00 ± 0.00 to 84.53 ± histamine 6.44% and 63.25 ± 4.63% respectively and significant shift to the right (pCE50 control = 7.08 ± 0.04 to 5.46 ± 0.28 = pCE50 and 5.54 ± 0.19) respectively. When the EASA (250 and 500 mg / mL) was associated with HXZ significant potentiation of the decrease Emax% 32.72 ± 1.95 and 17.83 ± 2.48%, respectively, however, the displacements of the curves to the right of cumulative (pCE50 = 5.13 ± 0.23 and 4.80 ± 0.74) were not statistically different from those obtained in the presence of hydroxyzine. The set of results suggests possible nonselective spasmolytic action of the aqueous extract of Simarouba loved bark, which was initially correlated to block the calcium influx through voltage gated calcium channels.

This work is concerned with an attempt to clarify the role of cortisone in both the immune complement response and the progression of mouse leukemic tumor.