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Developing a habitat suitability model for the spotted turtle using a hybrid-deductive approach /Correa-Berger, Bryan P. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91).
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Conservation of the spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) identifying critical demographic and environmental constraints affecting viability /Harms, Hillary M. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Bowling Green State University, 2008. / Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 99 p. : maps. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mating decisions and associated behaviours in the zebra finchFutter, James January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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The natural history and thermal ecology of a population of spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) and wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in West VirginiaBreisch, Ariana N. January 2006 (has links)
Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains xi, 319 p. including illustrations and maps. Bibliography: p. 228-234.
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Habitat comparison of pseudacris f. feriarum and pseudacris c. crucifer with emphasis on associated plant communities and distribution of clemmys guttata and pseudacris f. feriarum in West VirginiaAlbaugh, Scott Joseph. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains ix, 83 p. Includes bibliographical references p. 82-83.
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Biologia pesqueira das raias Dasyatis guttata (bloch & schneider, 1801) e Dasyatis Americana Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928, no Estado do Cearà / Fisheries biology of rays Dasyatis guttata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and Dasyatis Americana Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928 in the state of CearÃGuelson Batista da Silva 06 July 2005 (has links)
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / As raias das espÃcies Dasyatis guttata e Dasyatis americana constituem importantes recursos pesqueiros no Estado do CearÃ. O objetivo geral desta DissertaÃÃo à estudar a biologia pesqueira dessas espÃcies com vistas ao uso das informaÃÃes como constituintes de eventuais medidas de gerenciamento de sua exploraÃÃo. Dentro desse contexto geral, foram abordados aspectos relacionados com a biometria e suas relaÃÃes morfomÃtricas, dieta alimentar e reproduÃÃo, quanto ao comprimento mÃdio na 1 maturidade sexual e fecundidade. As amostragens foram realizadas nos MunicÃpios de Fortaleza, Caucaia e Aquiraz, no Estado do CearÃ, Brasil, a partir da captura como fauna acompanhante das pescarias com rede-de-arrasto e rede-de-espera, e dos desembarques das pescarias com linha-de-mÃo e mergulho (arpÃo), durante os perÃodos de julho e agosto de 1997; fevereiro a julho de 1999; agosto de 2000; marÃo a junho de 2001; outubro a dezembro de 2003; e janeiro de 2004 a maio de 2005. O crescimento relativo das medidas lineares comprimento do disco (CD), distÃncia focinho-olho (FO), distÃncia focinho-boca (FB), largura da boca (LB), comprimento dos clÃspers (CC) e peso total (PT) â variÃveis dependentes, como proporÃÃo da largura do disco (LD) â variÃvel independente, foi estimado atravÃs do Ãndice MorfomÃtrico (IM) e das relaÃÃes moformÃtricas lineares CD/LD, FO/LD, FB/LD, LB/LD e CC/LD e PT/LD. A ocorrÃncia de dimorfometria sexual foi avaliada atravÃs do teste t, aplicado ao coeficiente angular para machos (b1) e fÃmeas (b2). DiferenÃas no tamanho entre machos e fÃmeas tambÃm foram avaliadas pelo teste t. A alimentaÃÃo foi analisada quanto ao Ãndice de RepleÃÃo Estomacal, e quanto à dieta pelos mÃtodos da freqÃÃncia de ocorrÃncia, avaliaÃÃo volumÃtrica e avaliaÃÃo gravimÃtrica. A reproduÃÃo foi estudada quanto ao desenvolvimento da maturaÃÃo sexual e estimaÃÃo do comprimento na 1Â. maturidade sexual atravÃs do mÃtodo da ogiva. A fecundidade das espÃcies foi estimada atravÃs da contagem do nÃmero de embriÃes por fÃmea grÃvida. A anÃlise dos dados permitiu a obtenÃÃo dos seguintes resultados: (1) D guttata foi considerada como espÃcie-alvo das pescarias com linha-de-mÃo, sendo tambÃm capturada como fauna acompanhante nas pescarias direcionadas a camarÃes e lagostas com redes de arrasto e de espera, enquanto D. americana foi considerada como espÃcie-alvo das pescarias com linha-de-mÃo e mergulho, sendo capturadas em fundos lamosos e arenosos, respectivamente; (2) D. americana apresentou um porte bem maior que D. guttata, as fÃmeas sÃo maiores do que os machos; (3) foram observadas diferenÃas entre sexos quanto ao crescimento relativo das variÃveis âdistÃncia focinho-bocaâ em ambas as espÃcies, e âdistÃncia focinho-olhoâ em D. americana; (3) a dieta apresentou a seguinte estrutura: alimentos essenciais - crustÃceos (D. guttata), crustÃceos e peixes (D. americana); alimentos secundÃrios - peixes, poliquetas e sipunculas (D. guttata); alimentos ocasionais - moluscos e outros (D. guttata), poliquetas, sipunculas e moluscos (D. americana); (4) D. americana parece fazer um melhor aproveitamento dos itens alimentares disponÃveis, como o indica seu maior Ãndice de repleÃÃo estomacal; (5) a capacidade de reproduÃÃo à atingida nas classes de 50-60 cm LD e 60-70 cm LD (machos) e 60-70 cm LD e 80-90 cm LD fÃmeas), para D. guttata e D. americana, respectivamente; (6) os clÃspers apresentaram comprimentos mÃdios de 11,2 e 11,8 cm em D. guttata e D. americana, com proporÃÃes praticamente iguais nas duas espÃcies, valores que definem o tamanho mÃdio na 1Â. maturidade funcional; (7) s D. guttata e D. americana apresentaram baixa fecundidade e neonatos com tamanho mÃdio de nascimento estimados em 14,0 cm LD e 29,0 cm LD, respectivamente. / The stingray species are important fishing resources in Cearà State, Brazil. The main objective of this Dissertation was to study the fishery biology of the species Dasyatis guttata e Dasyatis americana, with the aim of using the results as tools in the issuing and enforcing of the appropriate measures for managing their exploitation. Various aspects were studied, such as: biometry, morphometric relationships, feeding diet, and reproductive activity as to the maturation development and mean size at the first sexual maturity and fecundity. Sampling for the stocks was carried out in Fortaleza, Caucaia and Aquiraz counties, in Cearà State, Brazil, as by-catch material by the trawlnet and gillnet fisheries and landings from the hook-and-line fishery and harpooning fisheries, during the period of July and August of 1997; February to July of 1999; August of 2000; March to June of 2001; October to December of 2003; and January of 2004 to May of 2005 . The relative growth of the body measures disk length (DL), distance snout-eye (SE), distance snout-mouth (SM), mouth breadth (MB), claspers length (CL) and total weight (TW) â dependent variables â as a proportion of disk width (DW) â independent variable - was estimated by means of the Morphometric Index and the morphometric relationships DL/DW, SE/DW, SM/DW, MB/DW e CL/DW and TW/DW. The occurrence of sexual dimorphism was assessed through Studentâs t-test applied to the slope coefficient for males (b1) and females (b2). Differences in size between males and females were also evaluated by means of the t-test. Feeding was investigated by the Index of Gut Fullness and diet by the frequency of occurrence and volumetric and gravimetric evaluation methods. Reproduction was investigated as to gonad development and estimation of the mean size at first sexual maturity, the latter by the ogive method. Fecundity of both species was estimating by counting the number of embryos per pregnant female. The data analysis generetd the following results: (1) Dasyatis guttata was considered a target specie of hook-and-line fishery, being also caught as by-catch in the shrimp and lobster fisheries with trawlnets and gillnets and Dasyatis americana was a target species of hook-and-line fishery and harpooning fisheries, they are caught in mud and sand bottoms, respectively; (2) D. americana was larger that D. guttata, and likewise, females were bigger than males; (3) sex differences as to relative growth of variables âdistance snout-mouthâ in both species, and âdistance snout-eyeâ in D. americana; (3) the feeding diet has the following structure: essential foods - crustaceans (D. guttata), crustaceans and fish (D. americana); secondary foods â fish, worms, fish and sipunculids (D. guttata); occasional foods â mollusks and other items (D. guttata), worms, sipunculids and mollusks (D. americana); (4) the stingray D. americana seems to make the most of the ingested food as indicated by the Index of Gut Fullness; (5) the onset of reproduction is attained in length classes de 50-60 cm DW and e 60-70 cm DW (males), and 60-70 cm DW e 80-90 cm DW (females), for D. guttata and D. americana, respectively; (6) the mean length of claspers was estimated as 11.2cm (D. guttata) and e 11.8 cm (D. americana), with roughly equal proportions in both species, values which are thought to define the mean size at first functional maturity; (7) D. guttata e D. americana showed a low fecundity index, with the mean length free-living neonates being estimated as 14.0 cm DW and 29.0 cm DW, respectively.
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Acoustic communication in female songbirds : functions, flexibility and plasticity in calls / Communication acoustique chez les passereaux femelles : fonctions, flexibilité et plasticité des crisVillain, Avelyne 12 December 2016 (has links)
La théorie de la sélection sexuelle a drastiquement orienté l’effort de recherche sur la communication acoustique chez les oiseaux : les mâles apprennent et produisent des chants élaborés et les femelles choisissent. Par conséquent (1) la production vocale chez les femelles a été négligée, (2) les cris (la majorité de la communication sociale) ont été peu étudiés. Contrairement aux chants, les cris ont été considérés comme innés et aucun effet de l’environnement sur leur structure n’était attendu. J’ai donc posé la question de la flexibilité vocale (court-terme) et de la plasticité vocale (au cours du développement) chez les femelles, en étudiant les cris majoritairement. J’ai étudié deux contextes où les deux sexes vocalisent: la communication dans le couple au nid et la communication parent-jeunes. Les vocalisations produites au nid par les couples montrent-elles de la flexibilité en réponse au bruit? Le développement des cris est-il influencé par l’environnement social ? J’ai travaillé sur deux espèces: le cincle plongeur, Cinclus cinclus et le diamant mandarin, Taeniopygia guttata. Chez les deux espèces, en réponse au bruit, les couples augmentent l’amplitude de leurs vocalisations. Chez le cincle une variation de la structure spectrale est observée dans les notes de chant mais pas dans les cris. Chez le diamant mandarin, les cris montrent des changements de leur structure spectrale: ils peuvent donc être flexibles en réponse au bruit. Les changements sont similaires chez les femelles et les mâles : la flexibilité n’est pas spécifique du sexe. Enfin, j’ai montré que l’environnement social précoce influence le développement des cris de quémande alimentaire chez le diamant mandarin : il existe une plasticité précoce des cris chez les mâles. J’ai montré que les femelles expriment des degrés de flexibilité similaires aux mâles mais que leur développement vocal peut prendre des trajectoires différentes. Les cris sont de bons objets de recherche pour étudier des variations de comportement vocal liées au sexe / The theory of sexual selection has drastically oriented research on acoustic communication in birds: males learn and sing conspicuous songs and females choose. Consequently, (1) female vocal production has been neglected, (2) birdcalls (most bird social communication) have been understudied. Birdcalls were supposed to be non-learned and no effect of the environment was expected on their structure (no flexibility, no learning). I thus focused my thesis on vocal flexibility (short-term) and vocal plasticity (developmental) of female vocalizations (mainly calls). I studied two contexts in which both sexes produce vocalizations: intrapair communication at the nest and parent-offspring communication. Do pairs express vocal flexibility in their calls in response to environmental noise? Is call development influenced by social environment? I studied two species: the white-throated dippers, Cinclus cinclus. (in which both sexes produce calls and songs) and the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, (in which only males sing but both sexes use the same calls). I showed in both species, that in response to environmental noise, pairs increased the amplitude of their calls or song notes. In dippers, spectral flexibility was observed in song notes but not in calls. However, zebra finch calls showed spectral flexibility in response to noise. Both sexes showed similar changes in their calls: call spectral flexibility is not sex specific. Last, I showed that the structure of male begging calls changed in response to the early social environment, bringing evidence of early vocal plasticity in males. No change was found in females, showing that they either differ in their plasticity abilities or do not express plasticity because they receive different social feedbacks. My work showed that females and males show vocal flexibility but their vocal developmental trajectories may differ. Calls are thus good study objects to investigate sexual dimorphism in vocal behaviour
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AbundÃncia de raias demersais apÃs proibiÃÃo de pesca de arrasto por embarccaÃÃes motorizadas na costa / Abundance of demersal rays after ban on trawling by motorized embarccaÃÃes coastInah SÃtiro 29 July 2013 (has links)
A pesca de fauna acompanhante, o âbycatchâ, pode ser considerada uma das maiores ameaÃas à vida nos oceanos. A influÃncia das capturas de fauna acompanhante nos ecossistemas marinhos faz com que esta seja uma das questÃes de conservaÃÃo da natureza mais importantes atualmente. Por vÃrias dÃcadas existiu na costa de Fortaleza uma intensa atividade da pesca de arrasto de camarÃo, que acidentalmente capturava raias, com o uso de embarcaÃÃes motorizadas. Tal atividade foi proibida a partir de 2003, pela Portaria no 35 do MinistÃrio do Meio Ambiente (Instituto do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais RenovÃveis). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a proibiÃÃo da pesca de arrasto de camarÃo utilizando-se embarcaÃÃes motorizadas em Ãreas costeiras (1) afeta a abundÃncia de raias demersais; (2) que
parcela das populaÃÃes dessas raias està sujeita ao efeito da proibiÃÃo da referida atividade pesqueira; (3) se espÃcies consideradas pela LegislaÃÃo Brasileira atual como sob algum grau de ameaÃa tambÃm sÃo afetadas por esta proibiÃÃo. No presente estudo, foram realizadas 14 amostragens cientÃficas na enseada do Mucuripe, Fortaleza/CE, entre setembro de 2004 e novembro de 2010, cada uma com 10 arrastos
de fundo a cerca de 14 m de profundidade, utilizando rede de arrasto-de-portas. Foram ainda, compilados dados nÃo publicados de abundÃncia de raias capturadas como fauna acompanhante da pesca de arrasto de camarÃo, utilizando-se embarcaÃÃo motorizada, na enseada do Mucuripe, entre 1997 e 1998. A proibiÃÃo da pesca de arrasto de camarÃo utilizando-se embarcaÃÃes motorizadas, em Ãreas costeiras, afeta positivamente a abundÃncia de raias demersais previamente impactadas por essa atividade. AlÃm disso, Ãrea costeira investigada abriga todas as classes de tamanho das raias Dasyatis guttata e Gymnura micrura e portanto pode ser considerada uma Ãrea
importante para a reproduÃÃo destas espÃcies. Por fim, essa mesma Ãrea abriga, ainda, diversas espÃcies consideradas pela LegislaÃÃo Brasileira atual como ameaÃadas (n=4) ou sobreexplotadas ou ameaÃadas de sobreexplotaÃÃo (n=7). / Bycatch fisheries may be considered one of the greatest threats to marine life. The influence of these captures in marine ecosystems makes it one of the most pressing issues on nature conservation today. For decades, there was in Fortaleza, CE, a shrimp otter trawl fisheries activity conducted by motorized boats that accidently captured batoids. This activity has been prohibited by the Brazilian Ministry of Environment since 2003. The goal of the present study was to evaluate if the prohibition of shrimp otter trawl fisheries activity conducted by motorized boats on coastal areas (1) affects the abundance of demersal batoids; (2) which portion of these batoidsâ populations is under the effect of the prohibition of this fishery
activity; and (3) if species considered by the current Brazilian legislation as under any level of threat also are effected by this prohibition. In the present study, fourteen scientific sampling were carried out on Mucuripe Bay, Fortaleza, CE, between September 2004 and November
2010. During each survey, 10 stations were sampled with otter trawl net, circa 14 m depth. In addition, unpublished data on the abundance of batoids captured as bycatch by shrimp fisheries in this same bay, between 1997 and 1998, were compiled. The prohibition of the shrimp fisheries using motorized boats, in coastal areas, affects positively the abundance of demersal batoids previously impacted by this activity. Furthermore, the coastal area studied is
used by all size classes of the batoids Dasyatis guttata and Gymnura micrura and, therefore, it may be considered important for reproduction of these species. Lastly, this same Bay is also home for several species that currently are considered by the Brazilian legislation as endangered (n=4) or overexploited or threatened of overexploitation (n=7).
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Conservation Genetics of Freshwater TurtlesDavy, Christina M. 19 March 2013 (has links)
Turtles have long life spans, overlapping generations and promiscuous mating systems. Thus, they are an ideal system with which to investigate the application of conservation genetics methods and assumptions to long-lived organisms. Turtles are also one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates and conservation genetics studies are essential to effective recovery of turtle species. This thesis has two main objectives: 1) to evaluate some common population genetics assumptions with respect to turtles and other long-lived organisms, and 2) to collect important information on the population genetics of threatened turtles in Ontario, which can be used to inform species recovery. In Chapters Two and Three, I describe the development of novel microsatellite markers for the snapping turtle and spiny softshell. In Chapter Four I demonstrate significant genetic structure in populations of the endangered spotted turtle in Ontario, and find that “bottleneck tests” may fail to detect recent population declines in small turtle populations. I also show that spotted turtles do not show the typical correlation between population size and genetic diversity. In Chapter Five I use microsatellite markers developed in Chapter Two and document population structure in the widespread snapping turtle for the first time. I compare these results with results from Chapter Four to test the traditionally accepted hypothesis that genetic diversity is reduced in small, isolated populations compared to large, connected populations. As in Chapter Four, my results suggest that the usual patterns of genetic structure and loss of diversity may not apply to turtles. In Chapter Six I conduct a conservation genetics study of the endangered Blanding’s turtle. Finally, in Chapter Seven I combine results from spotted, snapping and Blanding’s turtles to test whether vagility predicts population structure, genetic diversity and significant barriers to gene flow in three species sampled across a single landscape. Analyses reveal minimal congruence in barriers to gene flow and the three species show unexpected and contrasting patterns of diversity across the landscape. Discordant patterns among species highlight areas for further research and shed light on possible cryptic behaviour, and I discuss potential further directions for research in the Summary.
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Conservation Genetics of Freshwater TurtlesDavy, Christina M. 19 March 2013 (has links)
Turtles have long life spans, overlapping generations and promiscuous mating systems. Thus, they are an ideal system with which to investigate the application of conservation genetics methods and assumptions to long-lived organisms. Turtles are also one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates and conservation genetics studies are essential to effective recovery of turtle species. This thesis has two main objectives: 1) to evaluate some common population genetics assumptions with respect to turtles and other long-lived organisms, and 2) to collect important information on the population genetics of threatened turtles in Ontario, which can be used to inform species recovery. In Chapters Two and Three, I describe the development of novel microsatellite markers for the snapping turtle and spiny softshell. In Chapter Four I demonstrate significant genetic structure in populations of the endangered spotted turtle in Ontario, and find that “bottleneck tests” may fail to detect recent population declines in small turtle populations. I also show that spotted turtles do not show the typical correlation between population size and genetic diversity. In Chapter Five I use microsatellite markers developed in Chapter Two and document population structure in the widespread snapping turtle for the first time. I compare these results with results from Chapter Four to test the traditionally accepted hypothesis that genetic diversity is reduced in small, isolated populations compared to large, connected populations. As in Chapter Four, my results suggest that the usual patterns of genetic structure and loss of diversity may not apply to turtles. In Chapter Six I conduct a conservation genetics study of the endangered Blanding’s turtle. Finally, in Chapter Seven I combine results from spotted, snapping and Blanding’s turtles to test whether vagility predicts population structure, genetic diversity and significant barriers to gene flow in three species sampled across a single landscape. Analyses reveal minimal congruence in barriers to gene flow and the three species show unexpected and contrasting patterns of diversity across the landscape. Discordant patterns among species highlight areas for further research and shed light on possible cryptic behaviour, and I discuss potential further directions for research in the Summary.
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