Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. [60]-64.

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The purpose of this study was to study the essential• factors involved in the execution of the parallel arm downswing in the sequence of the backward giant swing on the still rings. Comparisons were made among gymnasts who had had different amounts of experience in the use of the parallel arm downswing technique.The subjects were four male American collegiate gymnasts. Selected as the experienced performers were an Olympic gymnast from Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, and. a specialist on the still rings from Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Selected as the less experienced performers were two all around gymnasts from the Ball State University men's gymnastic team.The cinematographic method was used to collect the data. In order to identify the biomechanical differences between the subjects, seven categories were considered to be the essential factors possibly involved in the execution of the parallel arm downswing. The horizontal and linear velocities of the wrist, the body angles, the angular velocity of the body segments, and the total body's tangential forces were graphed and studied. Plots of the trajectory of the center of gravity and plots of the loci of the body joints were compared and interpreted. The performance times of the subjects were compared in terms of the time elapsed during the whole and a part of the downswing.It was concluded that for these subjects, the successful parallel arm downswing should be accomplished by using the following factors: a faster push of the rings, a lean of the shoulders, a straighter body, a stronger beat action of the trunk, a proper timing (after the bottom of the downswing) of the legs and. a closer trajectory of the center of gravity throughout the downswing. The total body's tangential force and the performance time, appeared to be essential factors for the successful parallel arm downswing. However, it was not determined whether a greater amount of force or a shorter execution time is necessary for the ideal execution of the reverse giant swing on the still rings.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated viewings of gymnastics routines on the accuracy of judges' scores. More specifically, the purposes were threefold: firstly, to determine if the accuracy of judges' scores improved with repeated viewings of the same routines; secondly, to determine the number of repeated viewings required to optimally improve the scorers' accuracy; and thirdly, to determine the relationship between the number of viewings established and the participating judges' levels of proficiency. Criterion scores for four selected vault performances and four selected optional uneven parallel bars routines were established by two women's gymnastics judges, one of national and one of international certification. Four treatment conditions were established, each having a different routine shown one, two, three or four times. Eight regional judges and eight national judges were presented with the vault and bars test videotapes; all judges viewed the same treatments but the presentation order was determined by the Latin Square design. The judges recorded their deductions for each vault performance and their values for each of the component part scores for each bars performance. The experimenter tabulated the final scores for each event and calculated the absolute deviations of the experimental scores from their respective criterion scores. The results indicate that scores for vault become more accurate with repeated viewings and that uneven bars scoring, though reasonably accurate after a single viewing, improved in terms of reduced variability after more than one viewing. The increased accuracy in scores implies that repeated viewings reduce the limiting effects of human information processing capacities on judges' scoring accuracy. No significant differences were found between judges of regional and national proficiency levels. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

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