H. pylori has been classified by World Health Organization as type I carcinogen for its association with gastric cancer. Among its suggested pathological pathways is oxidative stress, which may reduce the bioavailability of dietary antioxidants. The main objectives of this thesis were to estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Ontario and to assess its effect on the bioavailability of two main dietary antioxidants, vitamins E and C. To estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection, a volume of 10 ul of plasma was aliquoted from stored blood of 1306 adults from Ontario. The blood samples belonged to controls of a population-based study of colorectal cancer. The overall weighted seroprevalence of H. pylori was 23.1% (95% CI: 17.7-29.5) with males having higher infection rates than females. Seroprevalence of the infection increased with age and number of siblings. Being non-white, born outside Canada and immigrating at an age greater than 20 years increased risk for H. pylori infection. An inverse association with seroprevalence was found for education and alcohol consumption. In order to investigate whether H. pylori positive compared to H. pylori negative subjects have lower changes in plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol when supplemented with these vitamins, H. pylori negative (n=32) and H. pylori positive (n=27) volunteers received vitamin C (500 mg) and alpha tocopherol (400 IU) supplementation daily for 28 days. H. pylori infection status was determined by 13C urea breath test. Post supplementation plasma ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol were significantly higher than pre supplementation concentrations in both groups. The changes in plasma ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol were not significantly different between H. pylori negative and positive groups (ascorbic acid: 13.97±16.86 vs. 20.87±27.66, p=0.76; alpha tocopherol: 15.52±9.4 vs. 14.47±15.77; p=0.39 for H. pylori negative and positive groups respectively). The weighted seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 23.1%. Age, sex, ethnicity, place of birth, age at immigration, education and alcohol consumption were factors associated with the infection prevalence in the population studied. In addition, we found no effect of H. pylori infection on the bioavailability of vitamins E and C.

The purpose of the study was to (1) identify major historical antecedents of urban 4-H and youth programs by the Cooperative Extension Service, (2) describe the evolution of urban 4-H and youth programs in Indiana, (3) illustrate the emergence of 4--H and youth programs in Indiana cities from 1968-1977, (4) investigate and clarify the perceived contemporary role of Extension Agents-Youth, and (5) identify leadership training needs as well as provide information to staff of Cooperative Extension that should assist in training agents corking in urban regions.The population for the study included all Extension AgentsYouth, Extension Boards, and Administrators from Lake, Marion and Vigo Counties that are currently active. The population also included the administrative staff of the Cooperative Extension Service from the State Office. The above counties were selected because of their highly urbanized populations and the program efforts that were initiated in the three counties.For the purpose of this study, the Director of Cooperative Extension Service in Indiana, Dr. Howard Diesslin, provided the approval to work with the three county staffs and administration. An additional Extension Staff was utilized fran Madison County to field test the questionnaire for clarity and relevance.The director of the Indiana Cooperative Extension Service granted approval for the questionnaire to be mailed under Extension mailing priviliges. The Associate Director, Dr. Paul Crooks, scrutinized the language of the instrument to determine whether the franking privilege available to Cooperative Extension Service could be used. Fifteen doctoral candidates and one professor of Educational Administration further critiqued the instrument for clarity, language and style.The questionnaire was mailed or handed to 75 Extension persons from Lake, Marion and Vigo Counties. Fifty-seven questionnaires were returned and 56 were usable. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed, summarized and presented in narrative form. A frequency distribution was utilized for reporting numbers and percentages for each item in the sections relating to program, program responsibility, skills and training.The findings and conclusions of the study support the following recommendations:1. The Extension Service should improve communications with urban audiences through the efforts of Extension professionals, including youth agents, by effective means such as public meetings, media and wholesome programs.2. Program responsibilities should be clarified to increase effectiveness and accountability of Extension Agents-Youth.3. Goals and purposes of programs should receive a high level of agreement among regional staff.4. Professional Extension Agents-Youth employed to work in urban regions should have strong educational preparation in behavioral and social sciences.5. Agents working in urban regions should become familiar and work with other agencies to enhance efforts for meeting the needs of all people of the region.6. Agents in urban regions should have some knowledge in agriculture and related fields.7. A study should be made to determine whether training needsof personnel are being met. If not, immediate efforts should be directed toward such a goal.8. A follow-up study should be conducted to determine the kinds of training opportunities being pursued by the national staff and the state staff.9. A follow-up study should be conducted to compare attitudes of Extension personnel from different urban regions.10. Methods and techniques need to be developed to improve communications between administrators, Extension agents and board members.

H. pylori has been classified by World Health Organization as type I carcinogen for its association with gastric cancer. Among its suggested pathological pathways is oxidative stress, which may reduce the bioavailability of dietary antioxidants. The main objectives of this thesis were to estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Ontario and to assess its effect on the bioavailability of two main dietary antioxidants, vitamins E and C. To estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection, a volume of 10 ul of plasma was aliquoted from stored blood of 1306 adults from Ontario. The blood samples belonged to controls of a population-based study of colorectal cancer. The overall weighted seroprevalence of H. pylori was 23.1% (95% CI: 17.7-29.5) with males having higher infection rates than females. Seroprevalence of the infection increased with age and number of siblings. Being non-white, born outside Canada and immigrating at an age greater than 20 years increased risk for H. pylori infection. An inverse association with seroprevalence was found for education and alcohol consumption. In order to investigate whether H. pylori positive compared to H. pylori negative subjects have lower changes in plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol when supplemented with these vitamins, H. pylori negative (n=32) and H. pylori positive (n=27) volunteers received vitamin C (500 mg) and alpha tocopherol (400 IU) supplementation daily for 28 days. H. pylori infection status was determined by 13C urea breath test. Post supplementation plasma ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol were significantly higher than pre supplementation concentrations in both groups. The changes in plasma ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol were not significantly different between H. pylori negative and positive groups (ascorbic acid: 13.97±16.86 vs. 20.87±27.66, p=0.76; alpha tocopherol: 15.52±9.4 vs. 14.47±15.77; p=0.39 for H. pylori negative and positive groups respectively). The weighted seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 23.1%. Age, sex, ethnicity, place of birth, age at immigration, education and alcohol consumption were factors associated with the infection prevalence in the population studied. In addition, we found no effect of H. pylori infection on the bioavailability of vitamins E and C.

Abstrakt Uppsala Universitet håller för tillfället på med ett nytt slags svänghjul som utnyttjar stor vinkelhastighet istället för stort tröghetsmoment för att buffra rörelseenergi.  För att kunna nå hög hastighet hålls svänghjulet svävande med permanentmagneter och horisontellt hålls svänghjulet rakt med hjälp av 8 stycken aktiva magneter. Varje aktiv magnet regleras med hjälp av semipassiva h-bryggor. Syftet med detta projekt var att ta reda på effektförlusterna i en enskild semipassiv h-brygga och sedan beskriva det med en formel med ström och spänning som inparameter. Den framhållna ekvationen:  säger oss att med värden på spänning och ström som svänghjulet drivs med kommer en effektförlust ligga mellan 0.5-3.5 W i varje h-brygga. Detta ger en effektförlust i hela systemet för alla aktiva magneter mellan 3-28 W beroende på inspänningen och inströmmen.  En tydlig slutsats som kan dras är att den procentuella effektförlusten minskar desto större ström och spänning som används i systemet.

Four small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) isoforms termed SUMO-1, -2, -3 and -4 have been identified in human. Most SUMO-1/2 proteins are localized in nucleus, whereas SUMO-1 protein exhibits 44% homolog with SUMO-2 protein. Over 50 proteins have been identified as the target proteins for SUMO-1 modification and these include transcription factors, their cofactors, regulators, nuclear body proteins, nuclear pore complex proteins, DNA repair proteins, and viral proteins. However, only a handful of SUMO-2 targets are known and SUMO-2 modification may response to environmental stress. SUMO-1 may interact with Fas/APO-1 and TNF receptor 1 on yeast two hybrid interactions; however, it is not clear whether SUMO would enhance apoptosis or response to biological stress. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) defined as a gastric carcinogen is definite a biological stress to the cells. It causes gastric epithelial cell damage by apoptosis. In this study whether the SUMO-1/2 pathway constitutes an element of the cellular response to the H. pylori infection was examined. Overexpression of SUMO-1/2 for 12 hours had no effects on the apoptotic activities of cells; however it enhanced apoptosis during H. pylori infection. Overexpression of SUMO-1/2 for 48 hours increased the apoptosis of cells; however only SUMO-2 enhanced apoptosis significantly during H. pylori infection. The enhancements are more powerful for SUMO-2 than that of SUMO-1. Inactive SUMO, a cytoplasm dispersed sumoylation-incompetent mutant, eliminates such activities, suggesting that sumoylation or SUMO interactions are involved in the apoptotic enhancement. The percentages of cells with cytoplasmic SUMO-2 were increased 22% by H. pylori infection for 2 hours and SUMO-1 were increased 11%. The translocalization of SUMO-1 was blocked by leptomycin B; however, it did not work on SUMO-2. Leptomycin B could also inhibit SUMO-1 enhanced apoptosis during H. pylori infection, whereas it had no effects on SUMO-2. It is concluded that SUMO-1/2 pathway constitutes an element of the cellular response to H. pylori infection by enhancing apoptosis through shuttling from nucleus to cytoplasm. SUMO-1 is via a CRM1-dependent pathway while SUMO-2 is via a CRM1-independent pathway.

The purpose of the study is to examine the variable of empathy, self-esteem, community involvement, and positive view of the future for both 4-H and non-4-H members in an urban setting. The study also evaluates the link of leadership to empathy, self-esteem, positive view of the future, and community involvement. The study utilized a quantitative research model in which a survey was taken of youth presiding in urban areas in the state of Texas. Descriptive statistics were used to report subject responses from each of the four variables for each question. Individual demographic data was reported by each participant. Reliability was calculated for each sub-scale based on the question section. The reliabilities reported internal constancy within the instrument. The study was designed to look at both 4-H and non-4-H participants in an urban population. Seven of the twenty urban and urban initiative counties chose to participate; these counties were Bexar, Denton, Harris, Lubbock, Montgomery, Nueces, and Travis. Data were collected using purposive sampling. County extension agents were targeted who had access to both 4-H and non-4-H groups. Data collection was consistently below the expectation for each county. This resulted in the low number of overall respondents and low representation of both 4-H and non-4-H members. One problem that occurred was the lack of representation of non-4-H members due to the 4-H agent not being able to contact other agencies due to the timing of the questionnaire and the amount of time and depth of the questionnaire. The overall response rate for the study was 27%. This low response rate hinders results and decreases the applicable differences between the two groups. All findings can only be based to the specific group that was sampled. Findings are: 1. Empathy, community involvement, self esteem, and positive view of the future can be indicators of leadership. 2. Race has a significant impact on self-esteem. 3. 4-H involvement has a significant impact on community involvement. 4. Race has a significant impact on positive view of the future.

Univ., Diss.--Milwaukee.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2002. / Field problem. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Göttingen. / Vita. "Bibliographie": p. 107-110.

Inaug.-diss.--Greifswald. / Lebenslauf. At head of title: Romanische philologie. "Literatur": p. [120]-125.