Historical evidence has shown that incidents due to hazardous materials (HazMat) releases during transportation can lead to severe consequences. The public and some agencies such as the Department of Transportation (DOT) show an increasing concern with the hazard associated with HazMat transportation. Many hazards may be identified and controlled or eliminated through use of risk analysis. Transportation Risk Analysis (TRA) is a powerful tool in HazMat transportation decision support system. It is helpful in choosing among alternate routes by providing information on risks associated with each route, and in selecting appropriate risk reduction alternatives by demonstrating the effectiveness of various alternatives. Some methodologies have been developed to assess the transportation risk; however, most of those proposed methodologies are hard to employ directly by decision or policy makers. One major barrier is the lack of the match between available data/database analysis and the numerical methodologies for TRA. In this work methodologies to assess the transportation risk are developed based on the availability of data or databases. The match between the availability of data/databases and numerical TRA methodologies is pursued. Each risk component, including frequency, release scenario, and consequence, is assessed based on the available data/databases. The risk is measured by numerical algorithms step by step in the transportation network. Based on the TRA results, decisions on HazMat transportation could be made appropriately and reasonably. The combination of recent interest in expanding or building new facilities to receive liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, along with increased awareness and concern about potential terrorist action, has raised questions about the potential consequences of incidents involving LNG transportation. One of those consequences, rapid phase transition (RPT), is studied in this dissertation. The incidents and experiments of LNG-water RPT and theoretical analysis about RPT mechanism are reviewed. Some other consequences, like pool spread and vapor cloud dispersion, are analyzed by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) model.

Historical evidence has shown that incidents due to hazardous materials (HazMat) releases during transportation can lead to severe consequences. The public and some agencies such as the Department of Transportation (DOT) show an increasing concern with the hazard associated with HazMat transportation. Many hazards may be identified and controlled or eliminated through use of risk analysis. Transportation Risk Analysis (TRA) is a powerful tool in HazMat transportation decision support system. It is helpful in choosing among alternate routes by providing information on risks associated with each route, and in selecting appropriate risk reduction alternatives by demonstrating the effectiveness of various alternatives. Some methodologies have been developed to assess the transportation risk; however, most of those proposed methodologies are hard to employ directly by decision or policy makers. One major barrier is the lack of the match between available data/database analysis and the numerical methodologies for TRA. In this work methodologies to assess the transportation risk are developed based on the availability of data or databases. The match between the availability of data/databases and numerical TRA methodologies is pursued. Each risk component, including frequency, release scenario, and consequence, is assessed based on the available data/databases. The risk is measured by numerical algorithms step by step in the transportation network. Based on the TRA results, decisions on HazMat transportation could be made appropriately and reasonably. The combination of recent interest in expanding or building new facilities to receive liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, along with increased awareness and concern about potential terrorist action, has raised questions about the potential consequences of incidents involving LNG transportation. One of those consequences, rapid phase transition (RPT), is studied in this dissertation. The incidents and experiments of LNG-water RPT and theoretical analysis about RPT mechanism are reviewed. Some other consequences, like pool spread and vapor cloud dispersion, are analyzed by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) model.

Routing and designing are essential for transportation networks. With effective routing and designing policies, transportation networks can work safely and efficiently. There are two transportation problems: hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation and warehouse logistics. This dissertation addresses the routing of networks for both problems. For hazmat transportation, the routing can be regulated via network design. Due to catastrophic consequences of potential accidents in hazmat transportation, a risk-averse approach for routing is necessary. In this dissertation, we consider spectral risk measures, for risk-averse hazmat routing. In addition, we introduce a network design problem to select a set of closed road segments for hazmat traffic with conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) to regulate hazmat routing. In warehouses, the routing of electric forklifts with sufficient battery levels is for material handling. The optimization model of dynamic wireless charging lane location is proposed under the workflow congestion in parallel-aisle warehouses. Considering the uncertainty of demands, the wireless charging lane location problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming model. We confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithms in solving these problems and the key advantages of use the proposed routing and designing policies via case studies.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-04-13T18:18:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Cabrini Pompone.pdf: 2553567 bytes, checksum: b689c2ddbb4e2081574e60b4948820d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T18:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Cabrini Pompone.pdf: 2553567 bytes, checksum: b689c2ddbb4e2081574e60b4948820d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27 / Urban areas growth stimulates consumption and, consequently, industrial production. As a result, as the chemicals are consumed by almost all industries, their distribution flow is increasing in cities. By their nature, these products pose risks to society and the environment. Therefore, the intensification of the flow increases the society's exposure to such risks. In this scenario, risk management in the transportation of dangerous products is a topic of academic, public management and managerial concern. The objective of this research is to propose a framework for risk management in the transportation of dangerous products to contribute to urban mobility improvement. The method adopted began with the bibliometric and systematic literature review for the identification of risk factors, mitigation measures and response actions in the transport of dangerous products. These elements made up the theoretical framework analyzed empirically in three case studies of accidents in the transport of dangerous products occurred in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo from 2006 to 2016. Cases were selected due to the repercussions of the accidents, the occurrence of victims and the availability of respondents. Data collection of multiple cases occurred through documentary research, semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The results showed that there is no linear correspondence between risk, mitigation and response: the elements organize themselves in the form of a broad range of risk factors that converges to a smaller and central group of possible incidents, which, again, diverge for a wider range of consequences. In this structure, there are actions that can prevent the risk factors from triggering the incident (mitigation actions) or that the incident unfolds into consequences (response actions). If the unfolding occurs and reaches the environment, remediation actions of impacts (resilience plan) are also necessary. The structure described was well represented by the bow-tie type tool. It was shown that the tool is suitable for risk management in transporting dangerous products. In addition, it was possible to conclude that: (i) for each risk there is at least one associated mitigation; (ii) for each incident, there are different possible responses, depending, in this case, on the accident characteristics; (iii) for inefficient responses, unfolding consequences may occur, requiring resilience measures (iv) there are transversal mitigation actions, such as the training and collection of transport information, that have the potential to mitigate diverse risks; (v) elements in the Brazilian scenario of dangerous products transportation, that were not yet reported in the literature, should be considered in the framework, such as public safety risk (and associated mitigation actions "use of intelligent traffic lights", "improvement of public safety", "use of cargo escort") and financial compensation as a resilience plan action. / O crescimento das áreas urbanas estimula o consumo e, consequentemente, a produção industrial. Com isso, por serem os produtos químicos consumidos por quase todas as indústrias, seu fluxo de distribuição vem aumentando nas cidades. Por natureza, esses produtos oferecem riscos à sociedade e ao meio ambiente. A intensificação do fluxo aumenta, portanto, a exposição da sociedade a tais riscos. Dessa maneira, a gestão de riscos no transporte de produtos perigosos é um tema de preocupação gerencial, de gestão pública e acadêmica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor framework para gestão de riscos no transporte de produtos perigosos para contribuir com a melhoria da mobilidade urbana. O método adotado iniciou-se com a revisão bibliométrica e sistemática da literatura para a identificação dos fatores de risco, ações de mitigação e ações de resposta no transporte de produtos perigosos. Esses elementos compuseram o framework teórico analisado empiricamente em três estudos de caso de acidentes no transporte de produtos perigosos ocorridos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo entre os anos de 2006 e 2016. Os casos foram selecionados pela repercussão dos acidentes, pela ocorrência de vítimas e pela disponibilidade dos entrevistados. A coleta de dados dos múltiplos casos ocorreu por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta. Os resultados demonstraram que não há correspondência linear entre risco, mitigação e resposta: os elementos organizam-se sob a forma de um leque variado de fatores de risco que converge para um grupo menor e central de incidentes possíveis, que novamente diverge para um leque maior de consequências. Nessa estrutura, existem ações que podem evitar que os fatores de risco acionem o incidente (ações de mitigação) ou que o incidente se desdobre em consequências (ações de resposta). Caso os desdobramentos ocorram e atinjam o meio, são necessárias, ainda, ações de remediação dos impactos (plano de resiliência). A estrutura descrita mostrou-se bem representada pela ferramenta do tipo bow-tie. A ferramenta construída mostrou-se adequada para gestão de riscos no transporte de produtos perigosos. Ademais, foi possível concluir que: (i) para cada risco há, ao menos, uma mitigação associada; (ii) para cada incidente, há diferentes respostas possíveis, dependendo, neste caso, das características do acidente; (iii) para respostas ineficientes, desdobramentos poderão ocorrer, sendo necessárias medidas de resiliência; (iv) há ações de mitigação transversais, como o treinamento e levantamento de informações sobre o transporte que têm potencial de mitigar riscos diversos; (v) elementos no cenário brasileiro de transporte de produtos perigosos, ainda não relatados na literatura, devem ser considerado no framework, como o risco de segurança pública (e as ações de mitigação “uso de semáforos inteligentes”, “melhoria da segurança pública” e “uso de escolta de carga”) e compensações financeiras como ação do plano de resiliência.

El transporte de carga por medio terrestre es una de las actividades con altos números de accidentes e incidentes en la actualidad debido a los diversos factores que influyen en esta tarea. Si a esto se le añade el transporte de materiales peligrosos como los hidrocarburos (combustible), explosivos y lubricantes la probabilidad de que se maximice el evento es elevado y perjudicial para todos los actores externos e internos de la actividad. En el Perú existen leyes y normativas que regulan el transporte de materiales peligrosos, así como también el cumplimiento total de cada una de estas. Por ello, que las empresas brindan las capacitaciones y condiciones a los trabajadores que desempeñan esta labor, sin embargo, existe un factor elemental para evitar la ocurrencia de accidentes/incidentes la cual está arraigada al comportamiento del trabajador; así como también a la motivación y concientización de realizar sus actividades de forma segura. En este contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación plantea la implementación del Coaching en el Programa de Seguridad Basada en el Comportamiento (SBC) para disminuir los accidentes e incidentes, así como también para aumentar las conductas seguras de los trabajadores dentro de una empresa de transporte de materiales peligrosos. Este proyecto ejecutará el diseño y la aplicación del Coaching en el área de operaciones que se encuentra relacionada directamente al transporte de los materiales peligrosos. / Freight transportation by land is one of the activities with high numbers of accidents and incidents today due to the various factors that influence this task. If to this is added the transport of hazardous materials such as hydrocarbons (fuel), explosives and lubricants, the probability that the event will be maximized is high and detrimental to all the external and internal actors of the activity. In Peru there are laws and regulations that regulate the transport of hazardous materials, as well as the full compliance with each of these. Therefore, the companies provide training and conditions to workers who perform this work, however, there is an elementary factor to avoid the occurrence of accidents / incidents which is rooted in the behavior of the worker; as well as the motivation and awareness to carry out their activities safely. In this context, this research work proposes the implementation of Coaching in the Behavior Based Safety Program (SBC) to reduce accidents and incidents, as well as to increase the safe behaviors of workers within a transportation company of hazardous materials. This project will execute the design and application of Coaching in the area of operations that will be directly related to the transport of hazardous materials. / Tesis