This work is about lighting equipment of modern vehicles, its historical development, present condition and possibilities of its further progress and measuring of the range of visibility of the rear lights. First part is aimed at lighting equipment used in modern vehicles as a whole. It describes sources of light, their principle, construction, advantages and disadvantages. Next it deals with searchlights and other lighting devices, their gradual development, construction and modern solutions which are used in them, and also their future development. Second part of the work is aimed at characterization of ways of measuring the range of visibility used in practice, their possible application to measuring of the range of visibility of the rear lights and on proposal of presentive methodics for this measurement. Realization and interpretation of practical measurement by this methodics is included.

The subject of this thesis is to make production processes more efficient on the basis of material flow. In the theorical part are discribed the history of light production, construction and types of headlight and also optimalization tools. The practical part focuses on the using of optimization tools, especially the materiál flow simulations. By using this method is selected the ideal variant of the process which is decribed and evaluated.

The task of my work is to describe and analyse tightness control of front headlights in automotive industry. This work is concerned with theoretical indi-cative allocation according to the light source, development and contruction of headlights in preamble. There is shown the way of disclosing the outflow pres-sure area at loose headlight in next part of this work. It defines the most proba-bly caused reason of untightness with help of Ishikawov diagram. There is also made evaluation of measured values and determined the main cause of un-tightness. At the end there are shown possibilities of statistic´s evaluation of measured values and made changes necesarry for untightness elimination.

This master’s thesis deals with the possibilities of illumination of motor vehicles. Thesis is divided into two sections, from which the first discusses precisely the possibilities of lighting of motor vehicles at the present time. What are the modern lighting techniques, that can be found on the market and what is their impact on safety enhancement in road traffic. Second section is about the practical measurement of low and high beam afterglow. This measurement is being compared between two types of headlamps, namely halogen headlights and xenon headlights. Part of the measurement is as well measurement of illumination intensity precisely for these headlights. The output of measurement is the creation of own illumination intensity diagrams and afterglow diagrams of particular headlights, in comparison to isolux diagrams provided by the headlights manufacturer. Consequently are solved the issues about utilization of the isolux diagrams in expert praxis.

L'utilisation d'algorithmes de vision permettrait d'élargir le domaine d'application des systèmes d'aide à la conduite à d'autres situations telles que : les scènes urbaines ou les conditions météorologiques dégradées. À cette fin, trois nouvelles applications sont étudiées dans cette thèse pour la pluie et les feux tricolores. La pluie est la condition météorologique dégradée la plus fréquente. Nous comparons les modèles physiques et photométriques existants pour la pluie et les gouttes de pluie. Lors d'une conduite en temps de pluie de jour, les gouttes sur le pare-brise diminuent considérablement la visibilité du conducteur. Lorsqu'elles sont vue par une camera embarquée standard celles-ci apparaissent défocalisées. Ainsi, nous proposons de détecter ces gouttes hors-focus en utilisant soit une approche par manque de gradients soit par l'évaluation locale du flou. Lors d'une conduite de nuit sous la pluie, ce sont les phares qui paradoxalement diminuent la visibilité car leur lumière est réfléchie par les gouttes vers le conducteur. Nous appuyant sur la conception d'un simulateur physique, nous proposons un éclairage adaptatif qui illuminerait la scène sans éclairer les gouttes qui tombent. Les résultats de notre simulateur et le premier prototype construit montre que l'idée avancée pourrait efficacement améliorer la visibilité générale d'une scène. D'autre part, nous étudions la détection et le suivi de gouttes de pluie à grande vitesse. Les feux tricolores ont un rôle crucial dans la compréhension des scènes urbaines. Bien qu'il existe déjà des systèmes de détection de feux tricolores, les algorithmes actuels ne fonctionnent que dans des conditions simples. Ainsi, nous avons développé un algorithme de détection de feux tricolores qui utilise une détection en niveau de gris des spots lumineux et une classification par reconnaissance de modèle. L'approche ainsi conçue est assez flexible pour détecter différents types de feux tricolores même avec une camera à faible dynamique. Notre proposition a été évaluée sur des séquences acquises en France, Chine et Suisse. / Vision algorithms can be used to expand the working range of the assistance systems so as to deal with urban scenes or degraded weathers. To this end, three novel applications are investigated in this thesis for both rain and traffic lights. Rain is the most frequent degraded weather condition. We review the various physics and photometry models for rain and raindrops, and highlight some of the misuses. When driving in daytime the raindrops on the windscreen lower the driver visibility. For standard on-board camera these drops appear as unfocused. Hence, we investigate the detection of unfocused raindrops using blur maps or lack of gradients with photometry. For nightime driving in rain, the headlights paradoxically reduce the visibility due to light reflected off of raindrops back toward the driver. Relying on a physic-based simulator, we propose to build an illumination device that would illuminate the scene without shining the falling particles. The performance of the simulator and a proof-of-concept prototype sustain that our idea can efficiently improve the overall scene visibility. Fast reactive drops detection and tracking is also investigated.To deal with urban scenes, traffic lights play a key role. Though traffic light recognition was attempted in the past, the existing algorithms can't handle complex scenarios. Hence, we have developed a traffic light recognition algorithm that uses a grayscale spot light detection and a template matching classification. Our approach is modular and capable of detecting various kind of traffic lights even when using a low-dynamic camera. We have evaluated our algorithm on sequences from France, China and Switzerland.

The diploma thesis presents the usability of a new thermosetting material BMC for the construction of a car headlight. In the theoretical part there are described headlights, basic characteristics and properties of plastics focussing on polymer composite materials and material testing. The practical part deals with the processing of test samples for mechanical testing by compression moulding and also with the production of real samples of reflectors and carrier frames by injection moulding. The evaluation is based on comparison of the results of the performed tests of alternative material and the currently used BMC TETRADUR TD 492/2 in HELLA Autotechnik Nova s.r.o. Basic physical-mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, toughness and hardness are tested and monitored. The reflectors and carrier frames are assembled into the headlight and then tested according to legal and customers´ requirements for climate and vibration resistance and photometry.

This thesis is focused on comparison of parameters of light sources (halogen, xenon, LED) installed in Skoda Octavia 3rd generation. The opening part solves analysis of the current state of lighting technology and its impact on traffic safety. The next part is focused on general parameters of light, construction of light sources, optical systems and adaptation of the human eye to various light conditions, especially contrast. The practical part is focused on comparing the contrast values of individual light sources in relation to the dark and lightly dressed pedestrian in the area without artificial lighting.

The project developed within the Master's degree is proposing a technology of manufacturing a headlight housing from the high temperature polycarbonate Apec 1695 with wall thickness of 1.8 mm. The batch size is set at 100,000 units / year. Based on literature studies of injection moulding and also on the calculation method, the injection moulding tool with the heated injector has been proposed. The injection moulding machine Allrounder 630 S 2500-800 from Arburg is used for the production of the plastic headlight housing.

Research has shown that riding a motorcycle can potentially be much more dangerous than operating a conventional vehicle. There are factors inherent in driving or riding a small two wheeled vehicle, such as a motorcycle, moped or even bicycle that can potentially decrease their ability to be seen or noticed by other drivers. This disadvantage is reflected in the disproportionate over-representation of injuries and/or fatalities incurred by this particular driving group. This creates a significant problem which deserves dedicated evaluation as to causative factors and/or influential variables. The following research was conducted with intentions to investigate the topic of motorcycle conspicuity so as to further explain the variables which positively contribute to a motorcycle being seen and to supplement the body of knowledge that currently exists on this topic. This study specifically evaluated the influence of sex, age, motorcycle lighting conditions, and vehicular daytime running lights upon one's ability to effectively detect a motorcycle within a "high fidelity" simulated environment. This research additionally sought to examine the feasibility and validity of using a novel fixed base "high fidelity" simulator for the evaluation of motorcycle conspicuity. The results from this research clearly indicate a link between vehicular DRLs and the effective detection of motorcycles and also support previous research as to the effectiveness of motorcycle DRLs. Additionally, these results suggest that as one ages, certain degradations in vision, cognition, and physiology occur which decrease one's performance in detecting and responding to a motorcycle. These findings additionally provide support for the use of a "high definition" fixed base simulator as a valid technology for the evaluation of motorcycle conspicuity.

The subject of this master’s thesis is a design of a single-purpose assembly machine for automotive industry. The assembled component is a part of a headlight of a passenger car consisting of a heatsink, a PCB and a reflector which are mutually connected by screws. The result of the thesis is detailed 3D model of the single-purpose machine made in Creo Parametric software and drawing documentation of the designed machine.