This thesis documents the history of a Vancouver theatre company from the time of its inception in 1980 to present day. Headlines Theatre Company formed with a mandate to create socially relevant theatre. This thesis also examines Headlines' life and evolution as a political and popular theatre company; specific plays and productions were selected for examination which were found to be representative of the development of the company's work. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter explores the formation of the collective and the company's successful initial work, which employed agitprop techniques. This chapter also highlights Headlines' follow up venture into the medium of film using material from their theatrical work. The company's next theatrical project, which resulted in a national tour, is also documented. This theatre company's direction underwent an enormous change subsequent to their second theatrical production. Chapter Two introduces the company's move from a collective to a traditional organizational structure while it continued to produce agitprop theatre. As well, this chapter investigates Headlines' introduction o f the theories and practices of Brazilian director Augusto Boal into its new work, Power Plays, to create both conventional and forum theatre. Chapter Three looks at the further development of Headlines' forum theatre productions, the Power Plays, and its experiments with this theatre form. This chapter examines the company's search for an even wider audience through the innovative merging of live interactive theatre with the medium of television. Headlines' brief return to a more conventional style of theatre is discussed in Chapter Four. In both of the productions reviewed in this chapter, the company faced funding obstacles due to the content of the play or the discussion following it. Chapter Five surveys the progression of Headlines' work as it incorporates the later work of Augusto Boal. The company's Theatre for Living programmes and methods of operation are further explored. The final chapter reveals some of Headlines' recent collaborations with other theatre artists as well as with artists in other disciplines, a direction the company will continue to pursue in the future. Headlines is shown to be a small, professional theatre company that is a well-established member of Vancouver's theatre community. B y documenting their history and examining selected productions and projects, this thesis chronicles an extremely active theatre company whose work has evolved greatly over a period of eighteen years. With its evolution in content, form and function, Headlines has been an innovative popular and political theatre company.

M.A. / This study is based on the principles of the subjectivist approach of Cognitive Linguistics, as opposed to the more traditional objectivist view, specifically those principles applicable to the acquisition of mental contact between conceptualizers in a given communication situation. One of the most fundamental points of departure of Cognitive Linguistics is the opinion that abstractions (even linguistic abstractions) are modelled on man's bodily experience of his surrounding reality. These embodied experiences constitute a network of preconceptual and non-propositional image schemas, categorized as space schemas, force dynamic schemas, schemas based on sensation and basic-level objects. Several mapping processes, including metaphor and metonymy, transpose these image schemas from a preconceptual, prelinguistic level to a conceptual and linguistic niveau. A prerequisite for conceptualization through linguistic communication is to constitute mental contact between the speaker and hearer as the conceptualizers. Linguistic communication presupposes the transfer of meaning, which is based on certain cognitive variables determining mental spaces and conceptual blends. Against the preceding background, the newspaper headline, as cognitive entity, constitutes the research domain by means of which the nature of the potential mental contact between the headline writer (as speaker) and the headline reader (as hearer) in a specific communication situation is analysed and evaluated. A seemingly useful and potent cognitive measuring instrument regarding presupposed and actualised mental contact, by means of which any written or spoken communication can be analysed and evaluated, is the outcome of this study. A set of examples of headlines was collected from the Afrikaans daily newspaper, Beeld, and the Afrikaans Sunday paper, Rapport, from February 1996 until September 1998, serving as research material.

This thesis documents the history of a Vancouver theatre company from the time of its inception in 1980 to present day. Headlines Theatre Company formed with a mandate to create socially relevant theatre. This thesis also examines Headlines' life and evolution as a political and popular theatre company; specific plays and productions were selected for examination which were found to be representative of the development of the company's work. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter explores the formation of the collective and the company's successful initial work, which employed agitprop techniques. This chapter also highlights Headlines' follow up venture into the medium of film using material from their theatrical work. The company's next theatrical project, which resulted in a national tour, is also documented. This theatre company's direction underwent an enormous change subsequent to their second theatrical production. Chapter Two introduces the company's move from a collective to a traditional organizational structure while it continued to produce agitprop theatre. As well, this chapter investigates Headlines' introduction o f the theories and practices of Brazilian director Augusto Boal into its new work, Power Plays, to create both conventional and forum theatre. Chapter Three looks at the further development of Headlines' forum theatre productions, the Power Plays, and its experiments with this theatre form. This chapter examines the company's search for an even wider audience through the innovative merging of live interactive theatre with the medium of television. Headlines' brief return to a more conventional style of theatre is discussed in Chapter Four. In both of the productions reviewed in this chapter, the company faced funding obstacles due to the content of the play or the discussion following it. Chapter Five surveys the progression of Headlines' work as it incorporates the later work of Augusto Boal. The company's Theatre for Living programmes and methods of operation are further explored. The final chapter reveals some of Headlines' recent collaborations with other theatre artists as well as with artists in other disciplines, a direction the company will continue to pursue in the future. Headlines is shown to be a small, professional theatre company that is a well-established member of Vancouver's theatre community. B y documenting their history and examining selected productions and projects, this thesis chronicles an extremely active theatre company whose work has evolved greatly over a period of eighteen years. With its evolution in content, form and function, Headlines has been an innovative popular and political theatre company. / Arts, Faculty of / Theatre and Film, Department of / Graduate

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This thesis examines how Taiwan's three English language newspapers covered the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People’s Republic of China (China). By gaining an understanding of the discourse structure of how these newspapers reported ECFA will demonstrate the role they play in either trying to create a nationalistic Taiwanese or pan-Chinese identity to their English speaking audience. This identity construction is important because it will add legitimacy to whichever direction Taiwan eventually sets its social and political course towards. Examining how the Taipei Times, The China Post and The Taiwan New use discourse in their headlines, articles and editorials when reporting and interpreting ECFA, the thesis has found that they all use similar strategies to present their respective position. These strategies can be broken down into the omission of only reporting either the pros or cons of the agreement, the exclusion of the public voice, and the dominant voice of the elite who either support or oppose ECFA. The Taipei Times and The Taiwan News appear to both structure their dominant discourses around overlapping themes that ECFA is a highly controversial agreement that will quickly lead an irreversible loss of sovereignty in Taiwan. In contrast, The China Post establishes a dominant discourse around ECFA’s economic benefits, while ignoring the negative aspects of the agreement.

published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

In the dissertation, the theoretical assumptions proposed by the cognitive model of conceptual blending have been applied to the practical study of irony in Lithuanian and American news website headlines, proving that the theory of blending is able to account for the mechanism of irony processing, and does not conflict with the majority of the other theories of irony processing. The dissertation aims at determining cross-cultural similarities and differences in the structure, processing and functioning of irony in American and Lithuanian news headlines by exploring the integration mechanisms and their constituent parts within the framework of conceptual blending. Based on data collected from Lithuanian and American news websites, the thesis explores empirically the types of integration models, frames, inner and outer vital relations, compressions, means of expression, functions and conventionalization that create irony. In accordance with the main aim the changes in the perception of the phenomenon of irony are identified, the ideas related to the definition of irony are consolidated, a list of possible indicators of irony is composed and the role of context in irony comprehension discussed. The dissertation does not only examine empirically the practical viability of the application of the conceptual blending framework to the analysis of irony, but also, while performing a contrastive analysis, makes an attempt at characterizing common and specific features of Lithuanian and... [to full text] / Disertacijoje teorinės konceptualiojo blendingo prielaidos taikomos praktiniam ironijos tyrimui naujienų antraštėse lietuviškame ir amerikietiškame žiniatinkliuose siekiant įrodyti, kad blendingo teorija yra pajėgi paaiškinti ironijos veikimo mechanizmą neprieštaraujant daugumai kitų ironijos suvokimo teorijų. Remiantis konceptualiojo blendingo teorija disertacijoje keliamas tikslas nustatyti ironijos sukūrimo ir išraiškos struktūros, perteikimo ir funkcionavimo, integracinius mechanizmų bei jų sudedamųjų dalių panašumus ir skirtumus tiriant Amerikos ir Lietuvos žiniatinklių antraštes. Tikslui pasiekti disertacijoje apžvelgiamas ironijos sampratos kitimas, konsoliduojamos ironijos apibrėžimo idėjos, pateikiama ironijos mechanizmo teorijų apžvalga bei kritika, sudaromas galimų ironijos žymiklių sąrašas, bei aptariama konteksto įtaka ironijos suvokimui. Disertacijoje ne tik empiriškai išnagrinėjamas bei pagrindžiamas praktinis konceptualiojo blendingo taikymas ironijai analizuoti, bet taip pat atliekamas lyginamasis tyrimas išskirtiniams Lietuvos ir Amerikos ironiškų naujienų antraščių bruožams nustatyti.

Disertacijoje teorinės konceptualiojo blendingo prielaidos taikomos praktiniam ironijos tyrimui naujienų antraštėse lietuviškame ir amerikietiškame žiniatinkliuose siekiant įrodyti, kad blendingo teorija yra pajėgi paaiškinti ironijos veikimo mechanizmą neprieštaraujant daugumai kitų ironijos suvokimo teorijų. Remiantis konceptualiojo blendingo teorija disertacijoje keliamas tikslas nustatyti ironijos sukūrimo ir išraiškos struktūros, perteikimo ir funkcionavimo, integracinius mechanizmų bei jų sudedamųjų dalių panašumus ir skirtumus tiriant Amerikos ir Lietuvos žiniatinklių antraštes. Tikslui pasiekti disertacijoje apžvelgiamas ironijos sampratos kitimas, konsoliduojamos ironijos apibrėžimo idėjos, pateikiama ironijos mechanizmo teorijų apžvalga bei kritika, sudaromas galimų ironijos žymiklių sąrašas, bei aptariama konteksto įtaka ironijos suvokimui. Disertacijoje ne tik empiriškai išnagrinėjamas bei pagrindžiamas praktinis konceptualiojo blendingo taikymas ironijai analizuoti, bet taip pat atliekamas lyginamasis tyrimas išskirtiniams Lietuvos ir Amerikos ironiškų naujienų antraščių bruožams nustatyti. / In the dissertation, the theoretical assumptions proposed by the cognitive model of conceptual blending have been applied to the practical study of irony in Lithuanian and American news website headlines, proving that the theory of blending is able to account for the mechanism of irony processing, and does not conflict with the majority of the other theories of irony processing. The dissertation aims at determining cross-cultural similarities and differences in the structure, processing and functioning of irony in American and Lithuanian news headlines by exploring the integration mechanisms and their constituent parts within the framework of conceptual blending. Based on data collected from Lithuanian and American news websites, the thesis explores empirically the types of integration models, frames, inner and outer vital relations, compressions, means of expression, functions and conventionalization that create irony. In accordance with the main aim the changes in the perception of the phenomenon of irony are identified, the ideas related to the definition of irony are consolidated, a list of possible indicators of irony is composed and the role of context in irony comprehension discussed. The dissertation does not only examine empirically the practical viability of the application of the conceptual blending framework to the analysis of irony, but also, while performing a contrastive analysis, makes an attempt at characterizing common and specific features of Lithuanian and... [to full text]

Previous research suggested Election 2004 involved many issue regimes and wedge issues (Kaplan, 2004; Drum, 2004; Fagan & Dinan, 2004). Preceding research proposed that the American perception of presidential candidates has been somewhat based on the mass media's increasing priming and agenda setting techniques (Scheufele, 2000; Kiousis & McCombs, 2004). Hence the research addressed two questions: Is there a bias for or against either candidate in the headlines of the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Times? If there is bias, which issues tended to produce the most positive, negative and neutral results? All election headlines, from February to November 2004, pertaining to a specific candidate were recorded and analyzed. The researcher chose to study headlines because they convey the newsworthiness of the story and former research confirms that reader perceptions of a news account can depend on the headline (Pfau, 1995; Tannenbaum, 1953). This study utilized content analysis to assess the word choices and biases of the headlines of the two newspapers. The researcher created definitions for coding, trained two coders, and analyzed and discussed the results. The main findings were the Washington Times contained more headlines that were pro-Bush, while the Los Angeles Times contained more headlines that were pro-Kerry. The key issues that reflected bias included that candidate's campaign, homeland security, and values.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English