In this thesis, we study integral representations of Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions, that is to say holomorphic functions defined on a product of several copies of the complex upper half-plane having non-negative imaginary part. The manuscript is divided into three parts, beginning with a general introduction followed by two papers. In the general introduction, we familiarize ourselves with the concept of a Herglotz-Nevanlinna function as well as providing a comprehensive introduction into the theory of integral representations for this particular class of functions. Paper I treats exclusively the two-variable case and presents an integral representation of Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions in two complex variables in terms of a real number, two non-negative numbers and a positive Borel measure satisfying two properties. Three properties that hold for the class of measures appearing in such integral representations are also proven. In Paper II, we provide an integral representation for the class of Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions in arbitrarily many complex variables in terms of a real number, a linear term and a positive Borel measure satisfying two properties. Properties of the class of measures appearing in this representation are then discussed in detail as well as alternative descriptions of said class. Finally, a symmetry formula satisfied by Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions is proved at the end.

Analytic functions in a domain Ω are uniquely determined by their values on any curve Γ ⊂ Ω. We provide sharp quantitative version of this statement. Namely, let f be of order E on Γ relative to its global size in Ω (measured in some Hilbert space norm). How large can f be at a point z away from the curve? We give a sharp upper bound on |f(z)| in terms of a solution of a linear integral equation of Fredholm type and demonstrate that the bound behaves like a power law: E^γ(z). In special geometries, such as the upper halfplane, annulus or ellipse the integral equation can be solved explicitly, giving exact formulas for the optimal exponent γ(z). Our methods can be applied to non-Hilbertian settings as well. Further, we apply the developed theory to study the degree of reliability of extrapolation of the complex electromagentic permittivity function based on its analyticity properties. Given two analytic functions, representing extrapolants of the same experimental data, we quantify how much they can differ at an extrapolation point outside of the experimentally accessible frequency band.

On s'intéresse au problème de retrouver la forme d'un objet 2d par la mesure des ondes qu'il diffracte. On développe ainsi des couplages de méthodes issue des méthodes d'échantillonnage et des méthodes d'optimisation de forme dans les cadres des conducteurs parfaits et des objets diélectriques. Après avoir calculé les dérivées de forme (du premier ou second ordre) et/ou topologiques et avoir effectué des tests numériques en scilab/Fortran dans ces deux cadres, cette thèse a permis de créer un couplage LSM-DGLS2-GT précis et robuste avec un coût de calcul modéré. On y recherche aussi d'autres types de fonctionnelles à minimiser et cherchons à calculer la dérivée seconde de forme difficile à obtenir dans une forme pratique à implémenter afin d'accélerer la convergence du précédent couplage mis en place.

Efficient design of high-voltage power cables is important to achieve an economical delivery of electric power from wind farms and power plants over the very long distances as well as the overseas electric power. The main focus of this thesis is the investigation of electromagnetic losses in components of high-voltage power cables. The objective of the ongoing research is to develop the theory and optimization techniques as tools to make material choices and geometry designs to minimize the high-frequency attenuation and dispersion for HVDC power cables and the power losses associated with HVAC cables. Physical limitations, dispersion relationships and the application of sum rules as well as convex optimization will be investigated to obtain adequate physical insight and a priori modeling information for these problems. For HVAC power cables, the objectives are addressed by performing measurements and estimation of complex valued permeability of cable armour steel in Papers I and II. Efficient analytical solutions for the electromagnetic field generated by helical structures with applications for HVAC power cables have been obtained in Paper III. For HVDC power cables, estimation of insulation characteristics from dielectric spectroscopy data using Herglotz functions, convex optimization and B-splines, has been investigated in Papers V and VI. The unique solution requirements in waveguide problems have been reviewed in Paper IV.