The inscription of a strange-looking industrial site- coalmine on Hashima- on the World Heritage Site has proved to be the most publicly contested debate of heritage making work between Japan and Korea The debate about this place brings up poignant questions with regard to not only the significance of this heritage, but also the subsequent use of this island. The failure of reconciliation between countries especially, but also of reparation, restitution since the end of the Second World War and the issues of identity and memory have been brought to the fore. This paper seeks to challenge the dominant modes of heritage making and, in so doing, offer an analysis of influences from political, social and economic factors or an improved understanding of the dynamics of capitalistic production expansion. The origin and transformation of tradition is invoked in attempts to explain the pervasiveness and power of historical temporality and continuity. A critical approach to canonisation is employed whereby the choice of heritage resources is done in a more limited and cogent manner. It is argued that currently heritage-making functions as both value distribution and intentional perception for a people in a nation. Above all, the social life of those living in industrial ruins is positioned in the new perspective that as heritage resources they cannot be separated from capitalistic production and world history. Following from this, it is said that the temporality and spatiality of ruins need a political, social and economic debate in which the myths of the nation are forged, transmitted, negotiated and reconstructed constantly. Through employing these ideas, one can relate the thematic approach of heritage selection to commodification, collective memory, capitalism and nationalism in a theoretical and analytical way.

This mini-dissertation is a study of the phenomenon of life-casting and the display of these in the museum space. It looks specifically at the practice as it came into use at the turn of the twentieth century at the South African Museum in the Western Cape. The research aims to place the practice in context with the historical triggers and larger perspectives of the subject of indigenous races. A focus on particular life-casts and its display in designed productions allows the reader insight into knowledge production. I point to this to unpack a loaded history informing deeply seated identity constructs and prejudices. A trajectory of the use of the life-casts is supported by visual records included in this text. The museum's archive also affords a plethora of correspondence and research giving context and insight. A close analysis of the archive exposes the museum's processes and the exchange in consumption and production by museum visitors and related institutions both private and state supported. The making and unmaking of the life-casts acts as proxy for peoples brutally subjugated.

Includes bibliographical references. / This dissertation is an interdisciplinary study of the Rex Trueform garment manufacturing factory in Salt River, Cape Town. It follows the narrative of the site from the date of completion of the first factory in 1938 up until conversion of the site into an office park in 2013. Architecturally, the buildings are key works by pioneer modernist architects, Policansky, Andrews and Niegeman . The analysis of the form and the space of the buildings is interlocked with an analysis of the conditions with in which these distinct buildings were conceived and built. As 20th century industrial buildings in Cape Town, they are representative of a particular kind of modernity, one that is entangled with constructions of race, class and gender. The dissertation looks at how particular notions of race, class and gender were constructed, materialised and inscribed in the architectural form and space. The buildings are a primary archival source, but conversational interviews with ex-workers begin to give a glimpse of what it was like to work for Rex Trueform, considered as a significant company in the clothing manufacturing industry. Visual material, drawings and film footage, tracks the architectural development of the site, linking it with key moments in the political life of South Africa. This raises questions around the relations hip between the apartheid state - endorsed white capital and disenfranchised black labour. Race and identity is a key theme, questioning the role that industry, sociology and apartheid played in the constructions and stabilising thereof with the Cape factory as a primary site. The buildings, situated both in the historical time as well as in the contemporary postapartheid framework, offer multiple readings of how space and architecture contributed towards ascribing identities onto people and how these ascribed identities were and are being contested and disrupted. The dissertation thus raises questions of how the modern city of Cape Town was produced by looking at some of the socio-political conditions under which Rex Trueform, a major industrial site, was developed.

Digitisation is occurring all over the world today. So to bring it to South Africa is one step in changing people’s understandings of Africa, because the information would be accessible to the world and the rest of South Africa. There are many challenges that have been debated around digitisation in Africa such as technological challenges, international relations or external institutions, the creation of a new kind of archive and the various digitising projects that have occurred in Africa specifically for creating online libraries. This study’s focal point is on two collections that are housed at the University of the Western Cape Archive; The Sarah Baartman and Khoi San Collections. The documents with regards to Sarah Baartman are the books of her story and how she became famous, but there is more to the books that we see in the shops or hear of. The collection of documents hold valuable information about her return to her homeland and the research of her descent. The Sarah Baartman Collection consists of the documentation that helped with the return of her remains. The University of the Western Cape Khoi San Collection consists of documentation of the Khoi San Conference that was held in 1994, with regards to the notion of becoming an identity and to view the Khoi San as people and not as just objects of study. The documents are basically faxes and letters that were sent to a Professor Bredekamp at the University of the Western Cape who was a participant in the conference. The University of the Western Cape Khoi San Collection is different from the Bleek and Lloyd Collections in that it is not someone’s journal or research but peoples voices of protecting the Khoi San Heritage. The two collections were chosen due to the fact that there was a gap in how to digitise collections that belonged to indigenous people/ descendent communities within South Africa and how to access these collections. The key purpose of the study is to determine the implications that digitisation has on Public Access. The aims of the study were to investigate the factors that determined decisions about how to digitise an Archive and how does Access impact digitisation. The data for this study was collected by the help of Archivists. The subjects of this study were archivists with the respected expert knowledge in digitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was emailed to six Archivists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the same six Archivists; the interviews were recorded on audiotape or hand written. On the basis of the results of this research it can be concluded that archives need to develop policies that incorporate consultations and take into consideration the descendent communities before the digitisation process occurs. There need to be cultural sensitivity towards collections of indigenous people which rarely occurs during digitisation. The recommendations that flowed from this study are: there needs to be further research in the curation of digital archives, needs to be more communication between archives and communities and digitisation policies need to be standardized.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages and Culture at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014. / This document consists of eight chapters which are as follow: Chapter One : is an introductory part where the establishment and historical background of Lamontville is discussed. It is the general introduction of the research topic where the following topics form part of the research proposal. These include: introduction, statement of research problem, purpose of the study, delimitation of the study, research methodology, beneficiaries of the research, structure of the chapters and conclusion. Chapter Two : is where the term heritage will be defined and discussed at length. The importance of heritage and preservation of history in general will be discussed and data about Lamontville will be collected. Hostels as the first form of accommodation which was available to black workers will be touched upon. Chesterville as well as Baumanville (eKwatasi) will be mentioned. Chapter Three : is where the preservation of history and heritage of Lamontville citizens will be discussed. The researcher will also identify heroes and heroines of Lamontville. These include Cothoza Junerose Nontsikelelo, Dube Msizi, Mkhize Florence, Msimang George, Sithole Dalton Jacob Skhumbuzo and Cynthia Shange. Chapter Four : is where the evolution, growth and development of life of Lamontville into a township will be discussed. The term township will be defined. The researcher will also look at the first houses of Lamontville, sports and recreation and schools. The transport system in Lamontville and administration including community structures of Lamontville as a township will be touched upon. iv Chapter Five : is where health and welfare facilities of Lamanotville will be looked at. The researcher will take a closer look at the Issy Geshen Lamontville Home for the Aged and Thembalethu Care Centre. The importance of social responsibility will be discussed. Chapter Six : is where the researcher will look at the old and new street names in the eThekwini Municipality in general and street names of Lamontville in particular. The objections to new street names will be highlighted. The researcher will also analyse data about houses and schools in Lamontville. Chapter Seven : is where the researcher will look at ways of collecting data as well as interviewees/sources. A naturalistic approach of gathering information will be used. Information will be, therefore be gathered by means of interviews, questionnaires, photographic method and recordings. Chapter Eight : is where the researcher will look at the assumption that those who were involved in the building of the new democratic South Africa should be acknowledged and that such contributions be recorded. The researcher will also recommend that Lamontville should be properly linked to the KwaZulu-Natal liberation heritage route because of the role this township played in building the new South Africa.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of IsiZulu at the University of Zululand, 2002. / The study aims at re-awakening the interest in the places of importance in KwaZulu Natal, interest in the revival of the cultural traditions, the beliefs, food preparations, crafts and being aware of the job opportunities offered by the government's plans about the Lebombo Spatial Development Initiative (LSDI). The underlying motive of the study is to create awareness that KwaZulu Natal is, and forever will be a tourist attraction destination. It is aimed at encouraging the people in their communities to be involved in one way or another in creating a conducive atmosphere that will make tourists feel welcome in KwaZulu Natal. The satisfied tourists will keep on coming back again and again which will in turn create job opportunities and result in alleviation of poverty and unemployment in our province. Speaking of the benefits of tourism, Gill (1996: vi) says in his preface; Tourism today has been acknowledged as an industry, and both the government and the private sector have planned tourism as an essential component of their economics. For further development tourism needs planning investment and scientific study. This acknowledgement of tourism as a viable industry by the government has been shown by our Government by structuring a number of Spatial Development Initiatives, such as Lebombo SDI which is part of this study. This study serves to show that there should be a link m a relationship between history and tourism and that the two can work wonders in contributing towards the development of the country's economy. Natural resources and the places of historical importance make KwaZulu Natal the most attractive tourist destination of the world, with its World Heritage site at St Lucia. KwaZulu Natal offers everything in a rich variety - its mountains and bills, valleys, scenic beauty, monuments and memorials, traditional arts and dances, fairs and festivals and dozens of other precious things that make the country a mosaic of living traditions. So the objective of this study is to remind the people in their communities that, as schools today speak of outcomes based education with its emphasis on entrepreneurial skills and job creation rather than job-seeking, so does the government speak of mobilizing communities to work together to bring about change and better life for all its citizens. It is therefore the objective of this study to make the communities aware that it is not too late to start being involved in building our communities. Let us dream and have high hopes and visions for the future of our province, our country and ultimately our future generations.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2017 / The key purpose of this study was to evaluate how heritage resources are managed, assessing various strategies of management used and how these management strategies are implemented at tourism destinations. The effectiveness of these management strategies rely on the skills of those who manage heritage resources and their underlying understanding of cultural heritage tourism. The overall purpose of this study was based on the ‘objectives’ of heritage tourism; amongst the objectives mentioned, is the evaluation of the management strategies of heritage resources and the accurate interpretation of resources at destinations. It was vital to know that heritage tourism is not only concerned with identification of resources but the management and protection of heritage values has a great impact on the sustaining of heritage tourism. The potential of heritage tourism should be valued and fully realised. There should be an integrated framework on the management of heritage resources at tourism destinations. Heritage resources tend to be misrepresented through uninformed interpretation during tours and this compromises the integrity and authenticity of heritage tourism. Findings of the study indicated that, management of heritage resources at these provinces is mainly based on policies formulated at national or local level. It was evident that management of heritage resources was often done for economic purposes at local communities. The local community described indigenous knowledge implementation as a management strategy which should be the primary strategy since it adds value to the culture of the community.

Nearly 400 years ago during the Late Iron Age, a farming community called the Koni’s, lived on the escarpment in Mpumalanga who practiced cattle farming and crop cultivation by using stone. They migrated north in a linear direction from the current day towns of Carolina towards Ohrigstad. This community left remarkable stone walls behind that represent farming traditions worthy of being preserved as a World Heritage site. However, their culture and heritage have been abandoned and forgotten by many South Africans since the 1830s. The lack of awareness and protection of the archaeological remnants lead to the destruction and demolition of many stone structures. Today the stone walls remain hidden behind grasses and bounded by private farming properties which fragments this archaeological landscape. In response to these problems, a pilgrimage route is proposed that cuts through private properties which allows for the movement of people and cattle. Movement in this sense refers to historic farming functions such as grazing which will be continued within the pilgrimage route by the community to revive and manage the nominated World Heritage site to become a living heritage. The dissertation aims to showcase how landscape systems such as grazing can manage and revive an abandoned archaeological landscape while creating an opportunity for landscape design interventions. / Mini Dissertation (ML (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Architecture / ML (Prof) / Unrestricted

Research on disability tourism and accessibility has predominantly focused on visible disabilities, while research on invisible disability and tourism has received very limited attention. For the most part, work on invisible disability and tourism has featured primarily on social media platforms and has been written by individuals who are themselves People with Disabilities (PWDs). This has resulted in a gap in scholarly research on invisible disability and tourism and one which this dissertation sets out to address. This study considers invisible disabilities and how they feature within the tourism industry with the focus on accessibility. A Tourism Journey Model was devised within this context and a study was made of three counties: India, South Africa and Australia. The legislation and tourism experiences relating to invisible disability were analysed and compared in these countries that represent the global South and global North. While the most recent legislation and regulations in these respective countries were consulted as primary documents, the experiences of tourists with invisible disabilities were assessed through the creation of a fictitious scenario based on social media sources. This research intends to draw attention to the accessibility of tourism regarding disabilities, with a specific focus on invisible disabilities. It highlights the gaps in the legal systems of South Africa, Australia and India regarding invisible disability tourism and accessibility, as well as the issues experienced by tourists within this realm. As regards all the phases of the Tourism Journey Model, it appears that Australia and India have a slight advantage over South Africa in terms of accommodating invisible disabilities. However, in the final analysis the study emphasises the importance of making the invisible visible. / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria 2020. / Andrew Mellon Foundation / Historical and Heritage Studies / MSocSci / Unrestricted

Motivations behind heritage site selection was researched to glean information regarding heritage site selection. The objectives of the study were to determine: (1) The type of experience someone with an environmental preservationist and historic preservationist attitude seeks at a heritage site and (2) If the type of experience sought at a heritage site is related to the type of services and benefits sought at a heritage. Data was collected by utilizing a mailed questionnaire. Correlation analysis was used to determine if there were any relationships between Environmental Preservationist Attitude, Historic Preservationist Attitude, Benefits Sought at a Heritage Site, and Service Sought at a Heritage Site and the type of Heritage Experience preferred. The sample size consisted of 197 respondents or 29% of the 679 surveys successfully mailed. Of these respondents 37% were male and 67% were female. Most of the respondents were married (74%) and travel with their family (83%). Although no statistically significant relationships were found concerning the research hypotheses some interesting relationships surfaced relating to the value society has placed on heritage site visitation. Mainly, the great interest in a more authentic and rugged experience at a heritage site was a pattern found in the responses. This study gave a basis in which to build future research efforts in the area of heritage tourism. / Ph. D.