In block-selective solvent, the rod-coil block copolymers can form various micellar structures. With block copolymers that contain a conjugated polymer block, the conformation of the conjugated polymer can be reflected by spectral changes in the solution. Therefore, it is of interest to study the relationship between the spectral changes and the nature of the conjugated polymer. The fundamental physical properties of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) were studied. Five P3HT samples with different molecular weights were used. We have determined the relationship between physical and spectral properties of this polymer and its molecular weight. In particular, we have found that the refractive index increments, the maximum absorbance wavelength, extinction coefficients, and the emission wavelengths, increase with molecular weight. Diblock copolymers of poly(3-hexyl thiophene)-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P3HT-b-PHEMA) were also studied. The morphological and spectral changes of these block copolymers were studied at various stages of micelle formation in block selective solvents. The relationship between the volume fraction of the P3HT block and their physical and spectral properties were also discussed. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2010-03-31 11:30:44.539

1-Decene is a valuable product in linear alpha olefins plants that is contaminated with 2-EHA (2-ethyl hexyl amine). Using organic solvent nanofiltration membranes for this separation is quite challengeable. A membrane has to be a chemically stable in this environment with reasonable and stable separation factor. This paper shows that Teflon AF 2400 and cellulose acetate produced interesting results in 1-decene/2-EHA separation. The separation factor of Teflon AF 2400 is 3 with a stable permeance of 1.1x10-2 L/(m2·h·bar). Likewise, cellulose acetate gave 2-EHA/1-decene separation factor of 2 with a lower permeance of 3.67x10-3 L/(m2·h·bar). A series of hydrophilic membranes were tested but they did not give any separation due to high degree of swelling of 2-EHA with these polymers. The large swelling causes the membrane to lose its diffusivity selectivity because of an increase in the polymer's chain mobility.

Because of the structural analogies between these compounds and several other physiologically active compounds, such as chloroamphenicol, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, and 2,2-bis-(p-aminophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, a more complete study of the reduction products and the sequence of catalytic reduction of N-(4-nitrophenacyl)-4-(1-hexyl)pyridinium bromide was made in this investigation.

This dissertation focuses on the solution-state polymer assembly of conjugated polymers with specific attention to nano- and molecular-scale morphology. Understanding how to control these structures holds potential for applications in polymer-based electronics. Optimization of conjugated polymer morphology was performed with three objectives: 1) segregation of donor and acceptor materials on the nanometer length-scale, 2) achieving molecular-scale ordering in terms of crystallinity within distinct domains, and 3) maximizing the number and quality of well-defined donor/acceptor interfaces. Chapter 1 introduces the development of a mixed solvent method to create crystalline poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) fibrils in solution. Chapter 2 describes fibril purification and approaches to robust and functional fibrils, while chapters 3 and 4 demonstrate the formation of hybrid nanocomposite wires of P3HT and cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles by two methods: 1) co-crystallization of free and P3HT-grafted CdSe for composite nanowires and 2) direct attachment of CdSe nanoparticles at fibril edges to give superhighway structures. These composite structures show great potential in the application of optoelectronic devices, such as the active layer of solar cells. Finally, ultrafast photophysical characterization of these polymers, using time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption, was performed to determine the aggregation types present in suspended fibrils and monitor the formation and decay of charged species in fibrils and donor-acceptor systems

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13241号 / 論工博第4179号 / 新制||工||1720(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉崎 武尚, 教授 中村 洋, 教授 古賀 毅 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Binding of volatile flavour compounds to plant proteins is known to be an issue, particularly for developers of flavoured gluten-free snacks made with pea protein. This project used a model system to describe the effects of extraction and heat on the binding of hexanal (Hex), hexyl acetate (HxAc) and 2-octanone (2-Oct) to pea protein isolate and to evaluate any resulting change in protein functionality.

Petrochemical and fine chemical industries face a daunting problem in recovering acetic acid from its aqueous solutions. The recovery of acetic acid could be done through esterification reaction. However, esterification is an equilibrium limited reaction. Multi-functional reactors such as chromatographic reactor (CR) and reactive distillation column (RDC) are promising technologies mainly for equilibrium limited reactions wherein reaction and separation of products are carried out in a single equipment that tends to shift the equilibrium towards the desired direction which is not possible in a classical batch reactor. Physical and chemical characterisation of ion exchange resin catalysts such as scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, pore size distribution, elemental analysis, true density and particle size distribution were carried out to access the catalysts performance for n-hexyl acetate synthesis. Esterification of acetic acid with n-hexanol was studied with both dilute and concentrated acid in the presence of cation exchange resins (macroporous and gelular) in a jacketed stirred batch reactor to synthesise a value added ester, namely n-hexyl acetate and also to study the recovery of acetic acid from the waste aqueous streams. The effect of various parameters such as speed of agitation, catalyst particle size, feed mole ratio of n-hexanol to acetic acid, reaction temperature, catalyst loading and reusability of catalysts was studied for the optimisation of the reaction condition in a batch reactor. The non-ideality of each component in the reacting mixture was accounted for by using the activity coefficient via the use of the UNIFAC group contribution method. The kinetic data were correlated with both pseudo-homogeneous (PH) and adsorption based heterogeneous reaction rate models, e.g., Eley-Rideal (ER), Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW), and the modified LHHW (ML). Pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model gave the best representation of the kinetic data found experimentally. The feasibility of reactive distillation for the recovery of acetic acid using n-hexanol was evaluated through residue curve map (RCM) determination experiments. RCM provides information to a design engineer of the existence of separation boundaries imposed by the singular points corresponding to the reactive/non-reactive azeotropes, thus provides an insight into the feasibility of reactive distillation for this purpose. A laboratory scale batch chromatographic reactor was designed and constructed. Batch chromatographic reactor experiments were carried out using different parameters such as feed flow rate, feed mole ratio of n-hexanol to acetic acid, desorbent (n-hexanol) flow rate and reaction step to maximise the formation of n-hexyl acetate as well to achieve complete conversion of acetic acid. Continuous chromatographic reactor was designed, constructed and commissioned on the basis of the results obtained from the batch chromatographic reactor experiments. The experiments carried out in continuous chromatographic reactor correlated very well with the results from the batch chromatographic reactor for the optimised condition.

No description available.

Com o aumento da população mundial, o desenvolvimento de novas fontes e conversores de energia tornou-se uma necessidade. As células a combustível mostram-se como uma alternativa viável devido principalmente a duas razões, sua alta eficiência e a utilização de combustíveis renováveis. No presente trabalho se estuda a influência da temperatura de operação e o conteúdo de álcali no combustível sobre a densidade de potencia para uma célula a combustível de glicerol direto. Como combustível foi utilizado uma solução de glicerol:KOH (1M:xM, x=0, 1, 3, 5), como membranas foram utilizados filmes de polibencimidazol impregnado com ácido fosfórico (PBI/H3PO4, relação molar 1:11) ou 1-hexil-3-metilimidazol trifluorometanosulfonato (PBI/HMI-Tf relação molar 1:1.5), e finalmente, nano partículas de Pt suportadas em carbono (60% w/w) como catalizador no ânodo e no cátodo. Em geral, o incremento da temperatura e conteúdo de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito favorável na densidade de potencia do sistema. Numa célula a combustível unitária de glicerol direto utilizando membranas de PBI/ H3PO4 e PBI/HMI-Tf foram obtidas densidades de potencia de 0.54mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 0.599mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente, para uma solução de glicerol de (1M); enquanto que, para uma solução com um conteúdo maior de álcali, glicerol:KOH (1M:5M), foram obtidas densidades de potencia maiores, 44.1mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 29mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente. O efeito combinado do incremento da temperatura e concentração de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito maior em relação ao efeito só da temperatura. / With the increasing world population, the development of new energy sources or energy converters has become a necessity. Fuel cells show up as a viable alternative due mainly to two reasons, their high efficiency and the use of renewable fuels. In the present work we study the influence of operating temperature and alkali content in the fuel on the power density for a direct glycerol fuel cell. A glycerol:KOH (1M: xM, x = 0, 1, 3, 5) solution was used as fuels, as membranes were used polibencimidazol films impregnated with phosphoric acid (PBI/H3PO4, molar ratio of 1:11) or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PBI/HMI-Tf), and finally, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (60% w / w) as catalyst in the anode and cathode. In general, increasing the temperature and alkali content in the fuel shows a favorable effect in the system power density. In a direct glycerol fuel cell using PBI/H3PO4 and PBI /HMI-Tf membranes were obtained power density of 0.54mW.cm-2 at 175°C and 0.599mW.cm-2 at 130°C, respectively, for a 1M glycerol solution; while for a glycerol solution with a higher content of alkali, glycerol:KOH (1M: 5M), were obtained higher power densities, 44.1mW.cm-2 at 175 ° C and 29mW.cm-2 at 130 ° C, respectively. The combined effect of increased temperature and alkali concentration in the fuel shows a greater effect compared to the effect of temperature only.

Com o aumento da população mundial, o desenvolvimento de novas fontes e conversores de energia tornou-se uma necessidade. As células a combustível mostram-se como uma alternativa viável devido principalmente a duas razões, sua alta eficiência e a utilização de combustíveis renováveis. No presente trabalho se estuda a influência da temperatura de operação e o conteúdo de álcali no combustível sobre a densidade de potencia para uma célula a combustível de glicerol direto. Como combustível foi utilizado uma solução de glicerol:KOH (1M:xM, x=0, 1, 3, 5), como membranas foram utilizados filmes de polibencimidazol impregnado com ácido fosfórico (PBI/H3PO4, relação molar 1:11) ou 1-hexil-3-metilimidazol trifluorometanosulfonato (PBI/HMI-Tf relação molar 1:1.5), e finalmente, nano partículas de Pt suportadas em carbono (60% w/w) como catalizador no ânodo e no cátodo. Em geral, o incremento da temperatura e conteúdo de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito favorável na densidade de potencia do sistema. Numa célula a combustível unitária de glicerol direto utilizando membranas de PBI/ H3PO4 e PBI/HMI-Tf foram obtidas densidades de potencia de 0.54mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 0.599mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente, para uma solução de glicerol de (1M); enquanto que, para uma solução com um conteúdo maior de álcali, glicerol:KOH (1M:5M), foram obtidas densidades de potencia maiores, 44.1mW.cm-2 a 175°C e 29mW.cm-2 a 130°C, respectivamente. O efeito combinado do incremento da temperatura e concentração de álcali no combustível mostra um efeito maior em relação ao efeito só da temperatura. / With the increasing world population, the development of new energy sources or energy converters has become a necessity. Fuel cells show up as a viable alternative due mainly to two reasons, their high efficiency and the use of renewable fuels. In the present work we study the influence of operating temperature and alkali content in the fuel on the power density for a direct glycerol fuel cell. A glycerol:KOH (1M: xM, x = 0, 1, 3, 5) solution was used as fuels, as membranes were used polibencimidazol films impregnated with phosphoric acid (PBI/H3PO4, molar ratio of 1:11) or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PBI/HMI-Tf), and finally, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (60% w / w) as catalyst in the anode and cathode. In general, increasing the temperature and alkali content in the fuel shows a favorable effect in the system power density. In a direct glycerol fuel cell using PBI/H3PO4 and PBI /HMI-Tf membranes were obtained power density of 0.54mW.cm-2 at 175°C and 0.599mW.cm-2 at 130°C, respectively, for a 1M glycerol solution; while for a glycerol solution with a higher content of alkali, glycerol:KOH (1M: 5M), were obtained higher power densities, 44.1mW.cm-2 at 175 ° C and 29mW.cm-2 at 130 ° C, respectively. The combined effect of increased temperature and alkali concentration in the fuel shows a greater effect compared to the effect of temperature only.