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Abstracts Under the medical environment change, medical institutions must take the strategy of diversification for personalized health management services, such as high-grade health examination. High-grade health examination has a extensive of medical market, becoming the main target markets of the various medical institutions. The high-grade consumers are the target customer of high-grade health examination. Knowing their demands is necessary. This study sample consists of two major groups: 16 persons who in charge of health examination department, and 31 high-grade consumers. The data was collected by questionnaires and based on the statistical analysis to investigate the demands of high-grade health examination. The purpose of this study is to identify the difference between the customers and the medical institutions. Providing information for high¡Vgrade health examination marketing. The results show that high-grade consumers more emphasis on "progressive facilities ", "doctors¡¦speciality", " hygienic environment", "explain the details before examination "and "explain the results by the doctors ". Medical institutions more care the factors about "dealing with customers¡¦ complaints "," reasonable price "," customization "," doctors¡¦speciality " and" explain the process of examination ". A comparison of the two groups indicates that the medical institutions care much more than consumers on ¡§ insurance provided "," reasonable price "," dealing with customers¡¦ complaints "," medical information providing "," health promotion consultation "and" customized exercise prescription " . Attention on " environment comfortable and spacious " is pronounced in high-grade consumers . Key words ¡Ghealth examination, high-grade consumers, choice of hospital

BACKGROUND:Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) and the p53 signature in tubal mucosa have been supported to be precursor lesions in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the fallopian tube, ovary, and peritoneum. It remains critical to find biomarkers for precursor lesions in order to detect HGSCs efficiently. IMP3 is an oncoprotein that has been explored in human malignancies. No studies have specifically addressed the expression of IMP3 in precursor or early lesions of HGSC. The main purposes of this study are to evaluate if IMP3 plays any role in the process of pelvic serous carcinogenesis by examining its expression in HGSC precursor lesions, to examine the relationship between IMP3 and p53 in those precursor lesions, and to check if IMP3 can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis.METHODS:Immunohistochemistry for IMP3 and p53 was performed and evaluated in 48 HGSCs with STIC, 62 HGSCs without STIC, and 60 benign cases as negative controls. Sections of fallopian tubes with or without STIC , as well as cancers within the ovaries, were studied. IMP3 signature was defined as strong IMP3 cytoplasmic staining in 10 or more consecutive benign-looking tubal epithelial cells. The relationship between IMP3 and p53 overexpression was examined.RESULTS:In the 48 HGSC patients with STIC, IMP3 was positive in 46% of STIC lesions and had a similar positive rate in the invasive components of HGSC. IMP3 was also expressed in normal appearing tubal epithelia (IMP3 signature) in 15 (31%) of 48 HGSC cases with STIC and 10 (16%) of 62 cases without STIC. In contrast, no single IMP3 signature was found in the benign control group. Concordant expression of IMP3 and p53 signatures in the STIC group was found in up to one-third of the cases. There were also five (10%) STIC cases with positive IMP3 and negative p53.CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that IMP3 may be involved in the process and progression of pelvic HGSC and may serve as a complimentary biomarker in diagnosing STIC.

Background: Mounting evidence suggests the fallopian tube as the origin for ovarian high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). We attempted to identify the tubal cytological features that allow us to distinguish malignant from benign conditions. Methods: Tubal specimens (n = 56) were collected from patients who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) due to various clinical indications. A standard procedure to collect fallopian tube brushings from freshly received surgical specimens was developed. Cytological diagnoses were classified into three categories: benign, atypical, and suspicious for malignancy/malignant. Cytological variables of individual cells and epithelia were subjected to statistical analysis. The fallopian tube histology was used as diagnostic reference for confirmation of cytology diagnosis. Results: Among the 56 fallopian tube specimens, 2 (3.7 %) showed inadequate cellularity preventing further evaluation, 11 (20.4 %) were diagnosed as malignant or suspicious of malignancy, 7 were atypical, and 36 were benign. The presence of three dimensional clusters (p < 0.0001, Fisher's Exact Test), or prominent nucleoli (p = 0.0252, Fisher Exact test) was highly correlated with the diagnosis of malignancy. The suspicious malignant/malignant cytological diagnosis was also highly correlated with presence of HGSC with or without serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). Conclusions: Tubal cytology may be useful for ovarian cancer screening and early detection.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of inflammatory infiltrates and chemokines in metastasis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, HGSC, to the omentum using human tissue biopsies and a 3- dimensional (3D) cell culture model. In ten patients with metastatic HGSC, omental tumour deposits contained a prominent leukocyte infiltrate of CD3+ T cells (9% of total cells) and CD68+ macrophages (11% of total cells). The presence of CD68+ macrophages showed a significant positive correlation with tumour cell proliferation analysed by Ki67 expression. Four ovarian cancer cell lines were co-cultured on a 3D model mimicking the microenvironment of the omentum for two weeks. The model was composed of collagen embedded human fibroblasts covered in a confluent layer of human primary mesothelial cells. The mesothelial cells in the 3D model significantly increased the growth (p = 0.002) and invasion (p = 0.0004) of the ovarian cancer cells. CXCL12 is the macrophage chemoattractant and ligand for the major chemokine receptor expressed on ovarian cancer cells. An association between CXCL12 and extracellular matrix remodelling was identified in two independent gene expression microarrays of ovarian cancer biopsies. The expression of CXCL12 in the HGSC omental metastases measured by quantitative Real Time-PCR positively correlated with decorin expression. Antibody mediated neutralisation of CXCL12 reduced growth (p = 0.012) and invasion (p = 0.029) in the 3D model. Mimicking an infiltrate of CD68+ macrophages in this multicellular 3D in vitro system also produced measurable changes in inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression. There is currently a demand for more accurate models of HGSC and a necessity to study its metastasis that presents itself as the major clinical problem in patients. Therefore the development of this 3D model to mimic tumour-promoting inflammation in HGSC metastasis will provide researchers with an essential tool for testing novel therapeutic strategies.

High grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) are two pathological lesions associated with prostate adenocarcinoma. HGPIN is an architectural finding, while ASAP is a term used to describe a lesion that cannot confidently be diagnosed as prostate adenocarcinoma. The mean incidence rate for HGPIN is 7.7% with a median of 5.2% and range of 0-24.6% and the cancer detection rate mean is 18.1%. The mean incidence rate for ASAP is 5.0% with a median of 4.4% and a range of 0.7-23.4%. The mean cancer detection rate is 40.2%. Currently, the incidence and cancer detection rates for HGPIN and ASAP for Winnipeg, Manitoba, have not been published. A retrospective study was conducted on all prostate biopsies collected from the Manitoba Cancer Care Prostate Centre (MCCPC) from 2008 and 2009. Prostate biopsies with a diagnosis of isolated HGPIN and or ASAP and no previous history of cancer were included in this study. In Winnipeg, Manitoba, from 2008-2009, the mean HGPIN incidence rate was 5.0% and the mean cancer detection rate was 46.1%. The mean ASAP incidence rate was 4.6% and the mean cancer detection rate of 48.2%. As a control, the cancer detection rate following a benign diagnosis was also calculated at 33.3%. The mean incidence and cancer detection rates for HGPIN and ASAP for Winnipeg, Manitoba are slightly lower than literature, but still fall within the published range. In addition, the mean ASAP cancer detection rate is similar to the cancer detection rate following a benign diagnosis indicating that, in our study, both a benign finding and a diagnosis of ASAP hold the same predictive value for cancer on a subsequent re-biopsy.

Orientadores: Albina Messias de Almeida Milani Altemani, Marinus Antonius Jacobus Hermsen / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T20:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_AnaFlaviadeMattos_D.pdf: 73992592 bytes, checksum: 3b90deaed579b13c568eeda812a10ef2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O carcinoma adenóide cístico pode raramente sofrer desdiferenciação, um fenômeno também referido como transformação para alto grau. Contudo, alguns casos de carcinoma adenóide cístico foram descritos mostrando transformação para adenocarcinomas que não são pobremente diferenciados, indicando que a transformação para alto grau pode não refletir necessariamente um estágio mais avançado da progressão tumoral, mas sim uma transformação em uma outra forma histológica, que pode abranger um amplo espectro de carcinomas em termos de agressividade. Inicialmente, investigamos a expressão das proteínas reguladas pela hipóxia (HIF-1?, VEGF, GLUT-1 e CD105), dado que a hipóxia contribui para a agressividade tumoral e, pode, também, promover um fenótipo desdiferenciado em certos tipos de câncer. Em seguida, analisamos um importante ponto de interesse em relação ao carcinoma adenóide cístico com transformação para alto grau, o seu pior prognóstico, que é sugerido ser comparável ou até pior do que o subtipo sólido. Para isso, comparamos as alterações genéticas do carcinoma adenóide cístico com transformação para alto grau com o subtipo sólido e, com os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de ambos os tumores. Além disso, em outro trabalho, usamos a hibridização genômica comparativa em microarranjo para comparamos o perfil genético de ambos os componentes histológicos do carcinoma adenóide cístico com transformação para alto grau. Atenção especial foi dada à expressão da proteína e à translocação cromossomal do gene MYB, que está sendo considerado o maior evento precoce e oncogênico do carcinoma adenóide cístico clássico. Nossos resultados mostraram que o carcinoma adenóide cístico com transformação para alto grau pode apresentar uma complexidade genética similar ao subtipo sólido e, também, que o processo de transformação não é sempre acompanhado pelo acúmulo de alterações genéticas, o que indica uma progressão paralela de ambos os componentes do carcinoma adenóide cístico transformado. Em contrapartida à expressão da proteína MYB, a translocação entre MYB/NFIB não é necessariamente um evento precoce e, bem como a hipóxia, não são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento destes tumores. Finalmente, o estudo advindo do carcinoma adenóide cístico com transformação para alto grau, também nos permitiu fazer uma revisão sobre o assunto. Neste outro estudo fizemos um panorama sobre os recentes conceitos na classificação histopatológica dos tumores de glândula salivar com desdiferenciação/transformação para alto grau descritos na literatura. Destaque também foi dado aos achados imuno-histoquímicos e genéticos que podem ajudar no diagnóstico de cada um destes tumores / Abstract: Adenoid cystic carcinomas can occasionally undergo dedifferentiation, a phenomenon also referred to as high-grade transformation. However, cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas have been described showing transformation to adenocarcinomas that are not poorly differentiated, indicating that high-grade transformation may not necessarily reflect a more advanced stage of tumor progression, but rather a transformation to another histological form, which may encompass a wide spectrum of carcinomas in terms of aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to gain more insight in the biology of this pathological phenomenon. Firstly, we investigated expression of proteins regulated by hypoxia (HIF-1?, VEGF, GLUT-1 and CD105), given that hypoxia contributes to aggressive tumor behavior and can also promote a dedifferentiated phenotype in certain types of cancer. Hereafter, we analyzed an important point of interest of adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation that is its proposed poor prognosis to be comparable to or even worse than solid subtype. Therefore, we compared the genetic changes of transformed and solid subtype adenoid cystic carcinomas and correlated the results to their clinico-pathological features. In addition, in another work, we used microarray comparative genomic hybridization to compare the genetic profiles of both histological components of adenoid cystic carcinomas with high-grade transformation. Special attention was given to chromosomal translocation and protein expression of MYB, recently being considered to be an early and major oncogenic event in adenoid cystic carcinomas. Our data showed that transformed adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation may present a genetic complexity similar to the solid subtype and, also that the process of high-grade transformation is not always be accompanied by an accumulation of genetic alterations; which indicate a parallel progression of the two histological components of transformed adenoid cystic carcinoma. In contrast to MYB protein expression, MYB/NFIB translocation is not necessarily an early event and, as hypoxia, not fundamental for the development of these tumors. Finally, the study that comes from of adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation also allowed us to do a review about it. In this study we made an overview of the latest concepts in histopathological classification of salivary gland tumors with dedifferentiation / high-grade transformation described in the literature. Highlight was also given to immunohistochemical and genetic findings that can help in the diagnosis of each of these tumors / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20662号 / 医博第4272号 / 新制||医||1024(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 松田 道行, 教授 原田 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM