High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a well-known and widely used analytical technique which is prevalent throughout the pharmaceutical industry as a research tool. Despite its prominence HPLC possesses some disadvantages, most notably slow analysis time and large consumption of organic solvents. Ultra Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) is a relatively new technique which offers the same separation capabilities of HPLC with the added benefits of reduced run time and lower solvent consumption. One of the key developments which facilitate the new UPLC technology is sub 2-µm particles used as column packing material. These particles allow for higher operating pressures and increased flow rates while still providing strong separation. Although UPLC technology has been available since early 2000, few laboratories have embraced the new technology as an alternative to HPLC. Besides the resistance to investing in new capital, another major roadblock is converting existing HPLC methodology to UPLC without disruption. This research provides a framework for converting existing HPLC methods to UPLC. An existing HPLC method for analysis of Galantamine hydrobromide was converted to UPLC and validated according to ICH guidelines. A series of statistical evaluations on the validation data were performed to prove the equivalency between the original HPLC and the new UPLC method. This research presents this novel statistical strategy which can be applied to any two methodologies to determine parity. / Chemistry

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, halophilic pathogen that occurs naturally in coastal and estuarine environments. This human pathogen is frequently isolated from a variety of seafood, particular oysters, and is the leading cause of gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. Several outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus infections linked to consumption of raw oysters have been documented. Contamination of oysters with V. parahaemolyticus is a concern for public health. This study investigated the efficacy of high pressure processing (HPP) in inactivating V. parahaemolyticus in raw Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and identified a process condition capable of achieving greater than 3.52-log reductions of V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters for commercial application. Raw Pacific oysters were inoculated with a clinical strain of V. parahaemolyticus 10293 (O1:K56) to levels of 10⁴⁻⁵ cells per gram and processed at 293 MPa (43K PSI) for 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 s. Populations of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters after processes were analyzed with the 5-tube most probable number (MPN) method. A minimum HPP of 293 MPa for 120 s at groundwater temperature (8±1 °C) was identified capable of achieving greater than 3.52-log reductions of V. parahaemolyticus in Pacific oysters. The HPP (293 MPa for 120 s at 8±1 °C) was validated at a commercial scale according to the FDA's National Shellfish Sanitation Program Post Harvest Processing (PHP) Validation/Verification Interim Guidance for Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Negative results obtained by the MPN method were confirmed with a multiplex PCR detecting genes encoding thermolabile hemolysin (tl), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). Oysters processed at 293 MPa for 120 sec had a shelf life of 6-8 days when stored at 5 °C or 16-18 days when stored in ice. This validated HPP was accepted by the FDA as a post harvest process to eliminate V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters. / Graduation date: 2012

Orientador: Marcelo Cristianini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:17:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Porto_BrunaCastro_M.pdf: 1622072 bytes, checksum: 6514e53552e6ebb0dd11ed91b7443580 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A goma do cajueiro (GC) é um produto isolado do exsudado bruto do cajueiro e tem sido mencionada como uma possível alternativa a substituir a goma arábica na indústria de alimentos. A alta pressão dinâmica (APD) é apresentada como uma opção a modificação física dos polissacarídeos a fim de melhorar suas propriedades tecnológicas. Dessa forma, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da APD nas características tecnológicas da GC. O exsudado bruto foi purificado e a goma caracterizada quanto à composição centesimal, potencial zeta e reologia. Em seguida GC nativa (sem processamento-controle) e processada a APD foram investigadas quanto suas características tecnológicas (solubilidade e capacidade de absorção de água (CAA) nas temperaturas 30, 60 e 90ºC, capacidade de absorção de óleo (CAO), reologia e propriedades emulsificantes) comparando-as com os resultados obtidos para goma arábica (GA). A GC apresentou 10,5% de umidade, 0,8% de cinzas, 0,9% de proteínas, 0,01% de lipídios e 87,7% de carboidratos. O ponto isoelétrico encontrado foi de 3,2. A CAA para a GC controle foi no mínimo 50% maior que a da GA em todas as temperaturas avaliadas. Entretanto, apresentou CAO 35% menor, solubilidade 4% menor e consistência inferior. A APD aumentou a solubilidade da GC em 5% a 30°C, 4% a 60°C e 12% a 90°C, e reduziu a CAA em 66% a 30°C, 44% a 60°C e 25% a 90ºC. A APD também reduziu a CAO da GC em 63%. Quanto as características reológicas, o processamento da GC por APD a 30 MPa quando comparada com a GC controle resultou em diminuição do índice de consistência (k) em 69% e elevação do índice de fluxo (n) em 16%, aproximando o comportamento ao fluxo da goma ao de um fluido Newtoniano. O efeito da APD nas emulsões produzidas com GC promoveu redução de 14% no diâmetro médio volumétrico (D4,3) e 17% no diâmetro médio de área superficial (D3,2). O potencial zeta permaneceu constante quando a GC foi processada a 20 MPa, mas reduziu quando processada a 40 MPa. A reologia das emulsões permaneceu constante, já o processamento com APD melhorou a estabilidade da emulsão (menor índice de cremeação e maior turbidez). A turbidez das emulsões aumentou em 25%. Por fim, conclui-se que a GC apresenta boa capacidade de absorção de água, alta solubilidade em água (acima de 80%), baixa capacidade de absorção de óleo e baixa viscosidade aparente mesmo em soluções mais concentradas (20% m/v) quando comparada com a goma arábica. A APD é capaz de modificar as características tecnológicas da GC (solubilidade, CAA, CAO e reologia) e melhorar suas propriedades emulsificantes (menor tamanho médio de partículas, maior turbidez e redução no índice de cremeação) / Abstract: The cashew tree gum (CG) is a product isolated by exudate of cashew tree and has been mentioned as possible replacer to arabic gum in food industry. The dynamic high pressure (DHP) is presented as option to physical modification on polysaccharides to improve their technological properties. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of DHP on technological properties of CG. The exudate was purified and centesimal composition, zeta potential and rheology of the gum were determined. After that, native CG (without processing-control) and processed at DHP were evaluated in terms of its technological properties (solubility and water absorption capacity (WAC) at 30, 60 and 90ºC, oil absorption capacity (OAC), rheology and emulsifying properties) comparing it with the results obtained from arabic gum (AG). CG presented 10,5% of moisture, 0,8% of ash, 0,9% of proteins, 0,01% of fat and 87,7% of carbohydrates. The isoeletric point encountered was 3,2. The WAC for the control CG was at least 50% higher than AG in all temperatures evaluated. However, it presented lower values regarding to OAC (35%), solubility (4%) and consistency. The DHP increased the solubility of CG in 5% at 30ºC, 4% at 60ºC and 12% at 90ºC, decreased the WAC in 66% at 30ºC, 44% at 60ºC and 25% at 90ºC. The DHP decreased the OAC of CG in 63% as well. In terms of rheological characteristics, the processing of CG by DHP at 30 MPa when compared with control CG resulted in decrease of consistency index (k) with a increment of pressure in 69% and elevation of flow index (n) in 16%, making the behavior to the gum flow closer to the Newtonian fluid. The effect of DHP on CG emulsions resulted in a reduction of 14% on average volumetric diameter (D4,3) and 17% on average superficial area diameter (D3,2). The zeta potential remained constant when the GC was processed at 20 MPa, but decreased when processed at 40 MPa. The rheology of the emulsions remained constant, but the processing with APD improved emulsion stability (lower creaming index and higher turbidity). The turbidity of emulsions increased in 25%. Finally, CG presented good WAC, high solubility (up 80%), low OAC and low apparent viscosity even in more concentrated solutions (20% w/v) when compared with arabic gum. The DHP is capable to modify the technological properties of CG (solubility, WAC, OAC and rheology) and improve their emulsifying properties (lower average particle size and creaming index and higher cloudiness) / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestra em Tecnologia de Alimentos

This thesis deals with the installation of high-pressure common rail injection system for six-cylinder tractor diesel engine. In the first part of the thesis is dismantled issue injection systems and related aspects. The next part is the installation of a fuel injection system, which involves placing components common rail system, the implementation of necessary interventions in engine design and the design of new components. The final section effect control calculations and stress analysis of new injection system components.

This thesis is focused on defects occurring in products made by high pressure die casting of aluminum alloys. The theoretical part includes introduction to high pressure die casting technology and description of individual defects, causes and corrective procurations. The practical part focuses on the determination of the defect on the pre-selected casting, which is cast in the foundry ALW INDUSTRY, s.r.o. Based on the identification of the defect, there is a corrective procuration to reduce its occurrence.

This master´s thesis deals with instalation of high pressure injection system Common Rail on four-cylinder tractor CI engine. Thesis introduces in the first part the injection systems of CI and tractor engines and related issues. In the next part is solved the conversion of engine, design of most important components - injetor, high pressure pump, pressure accumulator and high-pressure pipes and then stress analysis of new components.

This thesis deals with the installation of high-pressure common rail injection system for six-cylinder tractor diesel engine. In the first part of the thesis is dismantled issue injection systems and related aspects. The next part is the installation of a fuel injection system, which involves placing components common rail system, the implementation of necessary interventions in engine design and the design of new components. The final section effect control calculations and stress analysis of new injection system components.

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This thesis consists of a thermodynamically based kinetic model that more accurately predicts grain boundary mobility (GBM) over a large range of thermodynamic states including changes in temperature, pressure and shear stress. The form of the model was validated against calculated GBM values for Al bicrystals via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A total of 98,786 simulations were performed (164 different GBs, each with a minimum of 250 different thermodynamic states, and 2 different driving forces). Methodology for the computation of the GBM via MD simulations is provided. The model parameters are directly linked to extensive thermodynamic quantities and suggest potential mechanisms for GBM under combined thermal and triaxial loads. This thesis also discusses the influence of GB character on the thermodynamic mobility parameters. The resulting insights about GB character and thermodynamic state on GBM suggest an opportunity to achieve designed microstructures by controlling thermodynamic state during microstructure evolution.

In modern gas turbines, with the increase of inlet gas temperature to raise thework output, the importance of accurate aero-thermal analysis has become of vitalimportance. These analysis are required for temperature prediction throughoutthe turbine and to predict the thermal stresses and to estimate the cooling requiredfor each component.In the past 20 years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods have becomea powerfool tool aero-thermal analysis. Due to reasons including numericallimitation, flow complications caused by blade row interactions and the effect offilm cooling, using simple steady state CFD methods may result in inaccuratepredictions. Even though employing transient simulations can improve the accuracyof the simulations, it will also greatly increase the simulation time and cost.Therefore, new methods are constantly being developed to increase the accuracywhile keeping the computational costs relatively low. Investigating some of thesedeveloped methods is one of the main purposes of this study.A simplification that has long been applied in gas turbine simulations hasbeen the absence of cooling cavities. Another part of this thesis will focus onthe effect of cooling cavities and the importance of including them in the domain.Therefore, all transient and steady state simulations have been examined for twocases; a simplified case and a detailed case. The results are then compared tothe experimental measurements to evaluate the importance of their presence inthe model. The software used to perform all simulations is the commercial codeANSYS CFX 15.The findings suggest that even though including cooling cavities would improvethe results, the simulations should be run in transient. One important finding wasthat when performing transient simulations, especially the Time Transformationmethod, not only is the pitch ratio between every subsequent blade row important,but also the pitch ratio between the stators is highly influential on the accuracyof the results.