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[en] THE SKY IS THE LIMIT, BUT IT IS INDISPENSABLE TO KEEP FEET ON THE GROUND: A (RE)CREATION OF ACTION STANDARDS IN A HIGHLY REGULATED ENVIRONMENT / [pt] O CÉU É O LIMITE! MAS É IMPERATIVO MANTER OS PÉS NO CHÃO: A (RE)CRIAÇÃO DOS PADRÕES DE AÇÃO EM AMBIENTE ALTAMENTE REGULAMENTADONICÁSSIA FELICIANA NOVÔA 18 December 2017 (has links)
[pt] Como os padrões de ação são (re)criados em um ambiente altamente regulamentado? Este estudo objetiva apresentar proposições teóricas acerca de que quanto mais as pessoas vivenciam rotinas adaptativas em um ambiente altamente regulamentado, mais os padrões de ação são recompostos e legitimados a partir do repertório de práticas. Devido ao seu papel efetivo no organizing e ao seu poder generativo em produzir novos padrões de ação ao longo do tempo (PENTLAND e HAEREM, 2015), as rotinas foram aplicadas como unidades de análise para compreender os elementos constituintes da rotina adaptativa no contexto social (PENTLAND et al., 2011) de uma organização altamente regulamentada, além de possibilitar a análise de como ocorre o processo de (re)criação dos padrões de ação tendo como fundamento os Estudos Baseados na prática (FELDMAN e ORLIKOWSKI, 2011). A regulamentação foi analisada abordando as dimensões apresentadas no trabalho de Pentland (1995), com foco na estrutura organizacional, cultura, tecnologia, coordenação e processos, aplicados ao modelo construtivista de Orlikowski (2000), que contribuiu para a construção da visão macro de distintos contextos presentes nas práticas sociais analisadas na organização. Após a construção da visão macro do contexto do ambiente altamente regulamentado, aplicou-se o modelo do sistema generativo interacionista simbólico de Dionysiou e Tsoukas (2013), que proporcionou o entendimento de como os padrões de ação na prática são criados, compartilhados, mantidos e alterados coletivamente, por meio de ciclos de interação coletivos a partir do mecanismo de tomada de papéis de Mead (1934). Assim, por meio do método do estudo de caso interacionista simbólico, a pesquisa de campo foi dividida em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa de coleta de dados realizou-se a observação direta, que ocorreu no período de 22 de agosto a 14 de outubro de 2016, gerando dados primários das práticas dos sujeitos in loco, evidenciados pelas notas de campo, e dados secundários oriundos da análise documental das políticas internas da empresa, documentos normativos, múltiplos documentos do sistema de gestão da qualidade como as instruções de trabalho, formulários de distintos setores e informações sobre as tecnologias e sistemas de TI para execução dos procedimentos da empresa. A segunda etapa de coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas com 24 pessoas, para captar a percepção dos atores sobre suas práticas. Os dados foram sistematizados pela análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011) com auxílio do sistema ATLAS.ti. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram três formas distintas de como os padrões de ação podem variar em ambiente altamente regulamentado, sustentando, assim, que o tipo de agencement (GHERARDI, 2016), ou seja, o tipo de conexões estabelecidas na relação entre agentes, agência, estrutura, artefatos falantes e silenciosos, componentes não humanos e ação que compõem o contexto, e sua conexão com os elementos intervenientes (estilo de gestão, tipo de área funcional, accountability, integração da equipe, experiência, cognitivo, motivação, engajamento de recursos pessoais, engajamento afetivo e amplitude da network) afetam a variação dos padrões de ação. Outro aspecto relevante é que quanto maior a necessidade de inclusão de indivíduos de grupos distintos (outras áreas e de níveis hierárquicos diferentes) no processo de validação consensual coletiva, maior a necessidade de ciclos de interação para o alinhamento das ações. Assim, aumenta-se a complexidade desse processo, além de diminuir a sua dinâmica e fluidez para a adaptação das ações dos atores diante das incertezas do contexto. Enfim, o estudo propõe ponderações para a literatura das rotinas organizacionais na prática social, explorando as rotinas adaptativas em ambiente altamente regulamentado que induzem a (re)recomposição de padrões de ação a partir do repertório de práticas. Nesse contexto, o céu é o limite para criatividade dos atores / [en] How are action patterns (re) created in a highly regulated environment? This study aims to present theoretical propositions about how more people experience adaptive routines in a highly regulated environment, but the patterns of action are recomposed and legitimized from the repertoire of practices. Due to its effective role in organizing and its generative power to produce new patterns of action over time (PENTLAND and HAEREM, 2015), routines were applied as units of analysis to understand the constituent elements of the adaptive routine in the social context PENTLAND et al., 2011) of a highly regulated organization, besides allowing the analysis of how the process of (re) creation of action patterns occurs on the basis of Practice-Based Studies (FELDMAN and ORLIKOWSKI, 2011). The regulation was analyzed by addressing the dimensions presented in the work of Pentland (1995), focusing on the organizational structure, culture, technology, coordination and processes, applied to the constructivist model of Orlikowski (2000), which contributed to the construction of the macro view of different Contexts present in the social practices analyzed in the organization. After constructing the macro view of the highly regulated environment context, the Dionysiou and Tsoukas (2013) symbolic interactional generative system model was applied, which provided an understanding of how patterns of action in practice are created, shared, maintained and Altered collectively, by means of collective interaction cycles from the paper-making mechanism of Mead (1934). Thus, through the method of the symbolic interactionist case study, field research was divided into two stages. In the first stage of data collection, a direct observation was performed, which occurred from August 22 to October 14, 2016, generating primary data of the in loco practices, evidenced by field notes, and secondary data Document analysis of the company s internal policies, normative documents, multiple quality management system documents such as work instructions, forms from different sectors and information on IT technologies and systems to carry out company procedures. The second stage of data collection took place through the interviews with 24 people, to capture the actors perception of their practices. The data were systematized by the content analysis (BARDIN, 2011) with the aid of the ATLAS.ti system. The results of the study presented three different ways in which patterns of action may vary in a highly regulated environment, thus maintaining that the type of agencement (GHERARDI, 2016), in other words, the type of connections established in the relationship between agents, agency, (Management Style, Functional Area Type, Accountability, Team Integration, Experience, Cognitive, Motivation, Engagement) Of Personal Resources, Affective Engagement, and Network Amplitude) that all of these aspects together affect the variation of action patterns. Another relevant aspect is the greater the need to include individuals from different groups (other areas and different hierarchical levels) in the collective consensual validation process, the greater the need for interaction cycles for the alignment of actions and, thus, increases The complexity of this process, in addition to reducing its dynamics and fluidity for the adaptation of the actors actions in the face of the uncertainties of the context. Finally, the study proposes weightings for the literature of organizational routines in social practice, exploring the adaptive routines in a highly regulated environment that induce (re) recomposition of action patterns from the repertoire of practices. In this context, the sky is the limit for the creativity of actors to (re) create their action patterns, but it is imperative to keep your feet on the ground revering the mantle of regulation.
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A model for effective curriculum implementation in accredited private higher education institutions in BotswanaRudhumbu, Norman 05 December 2018 (has links)
The purpose of the study was to propose a model (framework) for effective implementation of curricula in accredited Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) operating in a highly regulated higher education environment in Botswana. The study used a mixed methods research approach that employed concurrent triangulation design. A structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect data on the views of both 306 lecturers and 12 academic middle managers (AMMs) respectively, on how the curriculum is implemented in the accredited PHEIs. Data analysis was done using statistical tables, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Mann Whitney U-Test, regression analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM).
Results of the study showed that characteristics of the external environment, lecturer, institution as well as characteristics and conception of the curriculum were all statistically, significantly and positively related to effective curriculum implementation in accredited PHEIs and hence acted as predictors of effective curriculum implementation in these institutions. The study also showed that factors in the above predictor variables which included heavy workloads, lack of training on pedagogical issues, limited opportunities for staff development in some of the PHEIs, limited teaching resources as well as a highly regulated higher education environment were major challenges affecting effective curriculum implementation in the PHEIS. It emerged from the study that a 1% improvement on each of the predictor variables could lead to improvements in the way curriculum is currently implemented in these institutions. Based on these results, a framework was proposed for enhancing curriculum implementation in accredited PHEIs. / Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwabe kuwukuthuthukisa imodeli yokuqaliswa kwekharikhulamu ngempumelelo eziKhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme Zangasese ezigunyaziwe (ama-PHEI) eziqhuba umsebenzi wazo ngaphansi kwesimo semfundo ephakeme esilawulwa kakhulu. Lolu cwaningo lwasebenzisa indlela yokucwaninga exubile ngokulandela i-concurrent triangulation design. Ucwaningo lwasebenzisa i-structured questionnaire kanye ne-semi-structured interview guide ukuqoqa idatha mayelana nemibono yabafundisi basenyuvesi abangama-306 kanye nabaphathi bezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme abasezikhundleni zokuphatha ezimaphakathi (ama-AMM) abayi-12, ngokulandelana, mayelana nendlela okuqaliswa ngayo ikharikhulamu kuma-PHEI agunyaziwe. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amathebula ezibalo, i-Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), i-Mann Whitney U-Test, i-regression analysis, i-correlation analysis kanye ne-structural equation modelling (SEM).
Imiphumela yocwaningo yabonisa ukuthi izici zobunjalo besimo sangaphandle, izici zomfundisi, izici zesikhungo kanye nezici eziphathelene nekharikhulamu kanye nomsuka womqondo wokusungulwa kwayo, konke kwabe kukhombisa ukuhlobana okucacile futhi obuboniswa nayizibalo phakathi kwalokhu nokuqaliswa kwekharikhulamu ngempumelelo kuma-PHEI agunyaziwe futhi ngalokho-ke lokhu kwasebenza njengezibikezeli zokuqaliswa kwekharikhulamu ngempumelelo kulezi zikhungo.
Ucwaningo lwabonisa nokuthi ezinye izimo, ngaphezu kwezibikezeli, ezibandakanya umsebenzi omningi ngokweqile okumele wenziwe ngumfundisi ngamunye, ukuntuleka kokuqeqeshwa mayelana nezindaba eziphathelene nokufundisa, amathuba ayingcosana kakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi kwezinye zalezi zikhungo ezingama-PHEI, izinsizakufundisa eziyingcosana kanye nesimo semfundo ephakeme esilawulwa kakhulu, kwabe kuyizinselelo ezinkulu ezinomthelela ekuqalisweni kwekharikhulamu ngempumelelo ezikhungweni ezingama-PHEI. Kwahlaluka ocwaningweni ukuthi ukuphuculwa kwesimo nge-1% esibikezelweni ngasinye kungaholela ekutheni ibe ngcono indlela okusetshenziswa ngayo ikharikhulamu kulezi zikhungo. Ngokususela kule miphumela, kwathuthukiswa imodeli yokwenza ngcono ukuqaliswa kwekharikhulamu kuma-PHEI agunyaziwe. / Die doel van die studie was om ʼn model (raamwerk) voor te stel vir doeltreffende kurrikulumimplementering in geakkrediteerde private hoëronderwysinstellings (PHEIs) wat in ʼn hoogs gereguleerde hoëronderwysomgewing funksioneer. ʼn Gemengdemetode-navorsingsbenadering is gevolg, met gebruik van gelyktydige-triangulasie-ontwerp. ʼn Gestruktureerde vraelys en ʼn halfgestruktureerde onderhoudsgids is gebruik om data in te samel oor die sienings van 306 dosente en 12 akademiese middelbestuurders (AMMs) onderskeidelik, oor hoe die kurrikulum geïmplementeer word in die geakkrediteerde PHEIs. Data is ontleed met behulp van statistiese tabelle, Analise van Variansie (ANOVA), die Mann Whitney U-Test, regressieontleding, korrelasieontleding en strukturele vergelykingsmodellering (SEM).
Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat eienskappe van die eksterne omgewing; van die dosent; van die instelling, sowel as eienskappe en beskouings van die kurrikulum, almal positiewe, beduidende en statistiese verwantskappe met doeltreffende kurrikulumimplementering in geakkrediteerde PHEIs het, en dus as voorspellers van doeltreffende kurrikulumimplementering in hierdie instellings opgetree het. Die studie het ook getoon dat faktore in die bogenoemde voorspellerveranderlikes – insluitende aansienlike werkslas, gebrek aan opleiding oor pedagogiese kwessies, beperkte geleenthede vir personeelontwikkeling in sommige van die PHEIs, beperkte onderrighulpbronne, sowel as ʼn hoogs gereguleerde hoëronderwysomgewing – groot uitdagings was wat doeltreffende kurrikulumimplementering in die PHEIs beïnvloed het. Dit het uit die studie geblyk dat ʼn 1%-verbetering in elk van die voorspellerveranderlikes verbeteringe kan teweegbring in die manier waarop die kurrikulum in hierdie instellings geïmplementeer word. Op grond van hierdie resultate is ʼn raamwerk voorgestel om kurrikulumimplementering in geakkrediteerde PHEIs te versterk. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)
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Role of knowledge management enablers in facilitating knowledge management practices in selected private higher education institutions in BotswanaMakambe, Ushe 02 1900 (has links)
This research was set out to investigate the role of knowledge management as a coping strategy for PHE institutions in Botswana, especially given that they operate in a highly regulated environment. One of the major drivers of volatility in the educational sector is
intensely volatile regulatory environment in which the institutions operate. Further, a large portion of the stakeholder community of these institutions hold a strong believe that these institutions offer poor quality education to maximise profit. The primary objective of this
study is therefore to determine the role of knowledge management (KM) enablers in facilitating KM practices in selected PHE institutions in Botswana that operate in this highly regulated environment and to develop a model for effective KM in these institutions. The study adopted a survey research design and collected quantitative data through a structured self-administered questionnaire and document reviews. The subjects comprised all five degree-awarding PHE institutions, which were strictly regulated by the Tertiary
Education Council (TEC). The population surveyed came to 670 and sample size was 350. Data was analysed through various statistical measures such as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in the form of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and Chi-square test. The results of the study revealed that KM enablers were playing an insignificant role in facilitating KM practices in selected PHE institutions in Botswana. Results of the study can be generalised to similar institutions elsewhere operating in similar environments. In order to enhance KM practices in PHE institutions, it is recommended that the institutions adopt a systematic approach to KM, establish an organisational culture and structure that promote KM practices, and enhance the quality of their human capital including leadership. It should be noted that the state of KM in organisations operating in an uncertain environment can be enhanced if the leadership carefully controls the family-owned setting and organisational culture as these factors can detract from the organisation’s effective practising of KM. However, strategic leadership, organisational structure, and the role played by stakeholders played positive deterministic factors in ensuring an enhanced KM drive. / Business Management / D.Admin. (Business Management)
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