The southern - 100 km long Coachella section of the San Andreas fault is the only section of the fault in southern California that has not experienced a historical earthquake, and it may be the most overdue section of the fault. Numerical models of rupture propagation shows that a large earthquake with a nucleation one in the Durmid Hill field area would produce particularly destructive and deadly ground shaking in southern California. This is used as the model earthquake for the ShakeOut exercises in southern California because it is may represent the worst-case scenario for southern California but does not appear to be a very likely scenario following this research. Building on existing geologic mapping that shows major Pleistocene to Holocene contraction near the hypothesized nucleation, we use geologic mapping to develop and validate a competing geometric and kinematic model for the southern tip of the San Andreas Fault. A ladder-like-fault model explains the widespread contraction in the Durmid Hill study area as the result of contraction between the main strand of the San Andreas fault and East Shoreline strand. The East Shoreline strand of the San Andreas fault is the newly discovered fault and is dispersed across a zone between 0.5 to 1 km wide, and encompasses an area on the northeast shore of the Salton Sea. There is persistent and strong contraction across the entire - 1.5 to 3.5 km wide San Andreas fault zone because both dextral "side-rail" faults are counterclockwise, and in a contractional bend, relative to current plate motions. This contractional bend was previously documented for the main strand of San Andreas fault. A new digital geologic map and field studies document the stratigraphy and structures at a range of scales between Bombay Beach and Salt Creek. Numerous folds, narrow strike-slip and oblique-slip faults, and sheared damaged rocks in latest Miocene (?) to Holocene sediment lie within the wide and very complex damage zone of the main strand of the San Andreas fault zone. The East Shoreline strand of the San Andreas fault system buffers the main strand from major stress changes produced by deformation along the sinistral to sinistral-normal Extra fault array under the Salton Sea.

The people of Utah saw the first federal military installation established in the area almost a century ago. They were not pleased in 1857 when they heard that President Buchanan was sending some 2500 soldiers to set up camp in the Salt Lake Valley. As the troops approached the Territory, every available means was used to resist their advance. Trenches and other defenses were prepared and all forage burned on the routes to the Valley to hamper or prevent their approach (17, p.303). When the troops arrived in 1858 they were permitted to enter the territory of Utah without further resistance. But an express condition of the peaceful reception was that their camp be established at least 40 miles from Salt Lake City (17, p.308).

This work on Marquam Hill area in Portland, a relatively undeveloped urban hillside area, is a pilot study in which environmental factors are evaluated quantitatively in order to delineate limitations on development. The study was undertaken at the request of and in cooperation with the City of Portland Planning Commission and with the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Factors considered include various aspects of the land, vegetation and attitudes of inhabitants. Findings are not intended to satisfy need for individual site studies by qualified experts but should show where that expertise is needed. Field data were collected on site by observations, borings, personal interviews and by geophysical surveys; laboratory tests were made on soil samples; studies were compiled of topographic maps and aerial photographs; and pertinent data from available previous works were incorporated. Data were integrated into a series of environmental factor maps including ground slope, bedrock and soil, bedrock structure, soil thickness, ground stability, hydrology, and vegetation. Land use constraints and environmental limitations were defined using u.s. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, soil suitability and limitations criteria as a guide. Mapped geologic and environmental constraints were overlayed with the mapped soil criteria to identify areas by limitations. An interpretive map and chart show that most of the study area is moderately to severly limited for most land uses. Some small areas can be considered as slightly limited, but the majority of these are already developed. The constraints are so severe that most of the area should be left in open space. The major recommendation is that any development must be carefully controlled, utilizing stringent grading codes (such as Chapter 70 of the Uniform Building Code) and professional expertise to assure the safety and environmental compatibility of the site. It is suggested that planned unit development, in the form of clustered or low- to medium-rise structures would optimize design for natural conditions, siting locations, and residential density least affecting the surrounding, naturally vegetated, hazardous slopes.

Denna uppsats har som syfte att undersöka skräckens roll i sympatiskapande, hur denkan användas för att skapa sympati för karaktärer. För att utföra undersökningenanalyseras två karaktärer från skräckserien The Haunting of Hill House (2018), medhjälp av Jens Eders karaktärsklocka som analysmetod. Analysen visar att skräckentillför mycket till vad som gör karaktärerna sympatiska, genom att gestaltakaraktärernas känslor och problem på ett tydligt sätt. Det går att se skräckens möjligaroll som verktyg för att effektivt skapa sympati, till exempel i möjligheten att skapaen vilja hos karaktärerna som publiken kan sympatisera med.

Owing to climate change, natural forest disturbances and consecutive salvage logging are drastically increasing worldwide, consequently increasing the importance of understanding how these disturbances would affect biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem services. In chapter II, I used long-term water monitoring data and mid-term data on α-diversity of twelve species groups to quantify the effects of natural disturbances (windthrow and bark beetle) and salvage logging on concentrations of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streamwater and α-diversity. I found that natural disturbances led to a temporal increase of nitrate concentrations in streamwater, but these concentrations remained within the health limits recommended by the World Health Organization for drinking water. Salvage logging did not exert any additional impact on nitrate and DOC concentrations, and hence did not affect streamwater quality. Thus, neither natural forest disturbances in watersheds nor associated salvage logging have a harmful effect on the quality of the streamwater used for drinking water. Natural disturbances increased the α-diversity in eight out of twelve species groups. Salvage logging additionally increased the α-diversity of five species groups related to open habitats, but decreased the biodiversity of three deadwood-dependent species groups. In chapter III, I investigated whether salvage logging following natural disturbances (wildfire and windthrow) altered the natural successional trajectories of bird communities. I compiled data on breeding bird assemblages from nine study areas in North America, Europe and Asia, over a period of 17 years and tested whether bird community dissimilarities changed over time for taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity when rare, common and dominant species were weighted differently. I found that salvage logging led to significantly larger dissimilarities than expected by chance and that these dissimilarities persisted over time for rare, common and dominant species, evolutionary lineages, and for rare functional groups. Dissimilarities were highest for rare, followed by common and dominant species. In chapter IV, I investigated how β-diversity of 13 taxonomic groups would differ in intact, undisturbed forests, disturbed, unlogged forests and salvage-logged forests 11 years after a windthrow and salvage logging. The study suggests that both windthrow and salvage logging drive changes in between-treatment β-diversity, whereas windthrow alone seems to drive changes in within-treatment β-diversity. Over a decade after the windthrow at the studied site, the effect of subsequent salvage logging on within-treatment β-diversity was no longer detectable but the effect on between-treatment β-diversity persisted, with more prominent changes in saproxylic groups and rare species than in non-saproxylic groups or common and dominant species. Based on these results, I suggest that salvage logging needs to be carefully weighed against its long-lasting impact on communities of rare species. Also, setting aside patches of naturally disturbed areas is a valuable management alternative as these patches would enable post-disturbance succession of bird communities in unmanaged patches and would promote the conservation of deadwood-dependent species, without posing health risks to drinking water sources. / In Folge des Klimawandels treten in Wäldern vermehrt natürliche Störungen auf, wodurch wiederum die Zahl an nachfolgenden Sanitärhieben (Räumungen) drastisch gestiegen ist. Wie sich natürliche Störungen und Sanitärhiebe auf die biologische Vielfalt und die Bereitstellung von Ökosystemleistungen auswirken können, ist bisher jedoch nur unzureichend bekannt. In Kapitel II nutzte ich langfristige Wassermonitoringdaten und mittelfristige Biodiversitätsdaten über zwölf Artengruppen, um die Effekte von natürlichen Störungen (Windwurf und Borkenkäfer) und Sanitärhieben auf die Konzentrationen von Nitraten und gelöster organischer Kohlenstoffe (GOK) in Bächen und Artenzahl zu quantifizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, heraus, dass natürliche Störungen zu einer temporären Erhöhung der Nitratwerte führen, welche dennoch laut Angaben der Weltgesundheitsorganisation immer noch als unbedenklich eingestuft werden können. Die Sanitärhiebe hatten keinen zusätzlichen Einfluss auf die Nitrat- und GOK-Konzentrationen und daher keinen Einfluss auf die Wasserqualität. Daraus lässt sich schließen, dass sich weder natürliche Waldstörungen in Wassereinzugsgebieten noch die damit verbundenen Sanitärhiebe auf die Trinkwasserqualität aus auswirken. Natürliche Störungen erhöhten die Artenzahlen in acht von zwölf Artengruppen. Zusätzlich erhöhten die Sanitärhiebe die Artenzahlen von fünf Artengruppen, welche auf offene Lebensräume angewiesen sind, verringerte jedoch die Artenzahlen von drei xylobionte Artengruppen. In Kapitel III habe ich untersucht, ob Sanitärhiebe nach natürlichen Waldstörungen zu sukzessiven Veränderungen der Vogelgemeinschaften führen. Hierzu habe ich die taxonomische, funktionelle und phylogenetische Diversität von Brutvogelgemeinschaften aus neun Untersuchungsregionen in Nordamerika, Europa und Asien über die Zeit von 17 Jahren verglichen und analysiert, ob sich das jeweilige Diversitätsmaß verändert, wenn seltene, häufige und dominante Arten unterschiedlich gewichtet werden. Ich konnte zeigen, dass Sanitärhiebe zu signifikant größeren Unterschieden geführt haben als zufällig zu erwarten gewesen sind und dass diese Unterschiede über die Zeit sowohl für seltene, häufige und dominante Arten, als auch für evolutionäre Linien, und funktionelle Gruppen fortdauern. Diese Unterschiede waren am größten für seltene, gefolgt von häufigen und dominanten Arten. In Kapitel IV untersuchte ich wie sich die β-Diversität von 13 taxonomischen Gruppen zwischen ungestörten Wäldern, gestörten und ungeräumten Wäldern sowie gestörten und geräumten Wäldern 11 Jahre nach Windwurf und anschließender Räumung unterscheidet. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl Windwurf als auch Räumung Änderungen in der β-Diversität bewirken. Windwurf allein jedoch scheint diese Änderungen in der β-Diversität innerhalb der Behandlung bewirken zu können. Über ein Jahrzehnt nach dem Windwurf war der Effekt des Sanitärhiebes auf die β-Diversität innerhalb der Behandlung nicht mehr nachweisbar. Der Effekt auf die β-Diversität zwischen den Behandlungen blieb jedoch bestehen, wobei sich die xylobionten Gruppen und seltenen Arten stärker veränderten als die nicht-xylobionten Gruppen oder häufigen und dominanten Arten. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen schlage ich vor, dass der Einsatz von Sanitärhieben sorgfältig gegen ihre langfristigen Auswirkungen auf Gemeinschaften seltener Arten abgewogen werden muss. Zusätzlich, besteht mit dem Belassen von natürlich gestörten Waldgebieten eine wertvolle Managementalternative, da diese Flächen eine natürliche Entwicklung von Vogelgemeinschaften ermöglichen und xylobionte Arten fördern, ohne dass die Trinkwasserqualität negativ beeinträchtigt wird.

Proporciona los pasos y procedimientos para acceder al recurso Access Engineering.

Proporciona los pasos y procedimientos para acceder al recurso Access Medicine.

Proporciona los pasos y procedimientos para acceder al recurso Access Physiotherapy.

Early Church member W. W. Phelps wrote, "Cumorah...is well calculated to stand in this generation, as a monument of marvelous works and wonders" (Latter-day Saints' Messenger and Advocate, November 1835, 2:221). With a stately monument of the Angel Moroni cresting its summit, and a yearly pageant commemorating salient events associated with the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, it is fulfilling the exact role that Phelps envisioned. However, the general population of the Church is relatively unfamiliar with the history of this significant Latter-day Saint landmark. The following thesis is an in depth study and documentation of certain historical aspects of the Hill Cumorah as a significant, sacred geographic location to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

<p> A detailed petrographic, geochemical and strontium isotope study of the rocks representing the variations observed across the Coe Hill granite, Grenville Province, southeastern Ontario provides the basis for the determination of the age and possible origin of this pluton. This study also provides insight into the relationships between similar granitoid plutons in the immediate vicinity.</p> <p> The Coe Hill granite is a medium to coarse grained hypidiomorphic to allotriomorphic, leucocratic quartz monzonite with subordinate isolated inclusions of dioritic and gabbroic gneiss. Variations upon this otherwise homogeneous granitoid occur in discordant aplite dykes, assimilating mafic xenoliths and along brecciated contact boundaries.</p> <p> Generally the rocks of this pluton are more basic than the average for similar granitoids in the area (12.4% vs. 6.0% mafics) as observed in both thin section and major element oxide diagrams. Besides this trend major element diagrams have uniform distributions. A Rb-Sr isochron was determined for the rocks of the pluton proper which gave an age representative of the emplacement of these rocks (t = 1063 ± 21 M.a.; Ri = 0.7040 ± 5). Trace element Rb shows a value similar to the norm for granitoids yet is enriched in comparison to values acquired from similar granitoids in the area (144 ppm vs. 63 ppm).</p> <p> Through a synthesis of the available data, and that which was acquired from this study on the Coe Hill granite, a comparison with the available data on the Loon Lake quartz monzonite can be made. This comparison illustrates a great deal of strikingly similar trends which have been taken to represent a lower crustal, or upper mantle origin, cogenetic relationship between these two granitoids.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)