According to Hobbes sensation is a process in which the organism responds to the stimulation of objects in the external world. Motion is propagated through the nerves and conveyed to the brain. Endeavour is the reaction of the heart towards the surface of the organism which is produced by the transmitted motion. When a stimulating agent is no longer present certain vestiges of previous sensations remain. Imagination is the reproduction of an image in the absence of the original stimulus, and Memory is the ability to recall the relics of past sensations when the sense organs have ceased to operate. From a psychological point of view Prudence is mental discourse in which recollections of associated sensations in the past are combined with a present sensation in order to predict future sensations. We experience not only single images but whole trains of representations in which one member calls up another according to the laws of Contiguity and Similarity. Some sequences of images are random, in that no desire is involved to direct the flow of images that follow upon a given Image. Other trains of conceptions exhibit a high degree of regularity due to some purpose which controls the associations. Names ordered according to rules of syntax allow us to transcend the level of perception, by operating as substitutes for images. A Name functions as a Mark when it is used to recall any one of a number of similar images, and as a Sign when used to communicate the thoughts of the individual to others. However, general appellations do not denote anything "universal" in nature or in our minds. In the external world the extension of a universal term comprises all those singulars to which it refers. In our minds a particular image which represents indifferently any one of the things designated corresponds to the class term. For Hobbes a proposition is true when the extension of the subject is included in that of the predicate and false otherwise. Error differs from falsity in that it arises when an anticipated fact fails to conform to our expectation. Necessary propositions for him are those in which the subject term is always contained in the extension of the predicate due to linguistic conventions. Contingent propositions are those in which the inclusion of the subject term in the extension of the predicate depends on empirical facts, and is liable to exceptions. On the other hand, type confusions are due to the combination in one sentence of two names which belong to logically incompatible kinds. Such expressions Hobbes sometimes regards as devoid of cognitive meaning and therefore Absurd and at other times as merely false. Attention is focused upon the empirical factor which is present in Hobbes’ thought. This tendency is exhibited in at least two ways; in the first place in his emphasis upon images as the content of the analytical and synthetical methods; and in the second place by his estimation of the reliability of induction, which he describes as Prudential reasoning, in terms of the frequency with which past associations of events have been observed to hold. / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Tesi di perfezionamento--Pisa--Scuola superiore di studi universitari e di perfezionamento "S. Anna", 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 179-196.

Orientador: Yara Adario Frateschi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T08:48:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Segala_VaniaDantas_M.pdf: 518928 bytes, checksum: 63931e2937ece8594b282cdf259bfb66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente trabalho pretende analisar os conceitos de razão e reta razão em Hobbes com o objetivo de compreender melhor o estatuto das leis de natureza nessa Teoria. Pois ainda que Hobbes afirme que a razão é frágil perante as paixões, que é capaz de erro e engano, que não é uma faculdade infalível, ele também nos diz que o uso diligente e rigoroso da razão possibilita a ciência bem como a dedução das regras de comportamento que conduzem à paz e à preservação de si. Como as leis de natureza são deduzidas a partir da razão, consideramos que uma investigação dessa faculdade, aliada à consideração da natureza humana, nos permite compreender melhor a questão da obrigação em Hobbes. Para tanto, pretendemos resgatar o uso que Hobbes faz dos termos razão e reta razão e comparar com os conceitos de razão e reta razão na tradição. Também nos propomos a tratar brevemente da questão da obrigação em Hobbes e como ela foi é compreendida pelos comentadores. / Abstract: The present work intends to analyze the reason and right reason in Thomas Hobbes. In this manner we aim to understand the operation of natural laws on this theory. Hobbes recognizes the fragility of reason confronted to passions, he tells us reason is prone to mistakes and deceive and it is not an infallible faculty. But in the other hand he supports that the very use of reason allows the existence of science, and through reason we can obtain that conduct rules necessary to lead us to self-preservation and peace. Since natural laws are deduced from reason, inquiring into this faculty allow us a better comprehension of the obligation in Hobbes. To achieve this, we intend to analyze the Hobbes's use of terms reason and right reason and proceed with a confrontation on traditional conceiving of reason and right reason. We also propose to deal briefly about obligation in Hobbes and how this subject is understood by Taylor e Warrender. / Mestrado / Filosofia / Filosofia

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Peter Dalton, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Philosophy. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 11,2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-204).

Diss.--Philosophischen Fakultät--Münster--Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, 1994. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. [393]-417. Index.

Tesis para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía / La teoría política del autor inglés es un capítulo de la filosofía que sigue abriendo debates y profundizaciones. Los conceptos de contrato social, Estado de naturaleza y formación del Estado Civil, se han estandarizado en el ámbito de la filosofía política como pilares para su reflexión tanto clásica como posterior. Para volver a analizar estos conceptos, con miras a una mejor comprensión y profundización, se indagará en las raíces del contractualismo hobbesiano, especialmente con su par griego Protágoras, quien dentro de un contexto sofista, dio el inicio a este modo de pensar político que vio en el filósofo inglés su más importante desarrollo. Bastante se ha hablado de Thomas Hobbes sobre lo anteriormente dicho, pero poco se ha rescatado acerca de sus consideraciones sobre el proceso educativo, y la importancia que tiene sobre sus ciudadanos. Pilar fundamental y eje en su proyecto social, es imposible no revisar y criticar estas aristas de su pensamiento.Las conclusiones que esperan ser fruto de esta tesis esperan ser las más acertadas, a modo de una nueva contribución al pensamiento de la filosofía moderna, enlazada a nuestros días, para una mejor comprensión de los hechos educativos actuales.

Texte remanié de: Ph. D. th.--Hull, 2002. / Bibliogr. p. 226-240. Index.

Diss., 2004. / Bibliogr. p. 349-373.