This phenomenological research aimed to illuminate the nature and effects of ordinariness in nursing and to discover whether the phenomenon enhanced the nursing encounter. The researcher worked as a participant observer with six registered nurses in a Professorial Nursing Unit. Following each interaction, the researcher wrote her impressions in a personal-professional journal and audiotaped conversations with the respective nurses and patients to gain their impressions. Using a theoretical framework of the phenomenological concepts of lived experience, Dasein, Being-in-the-world and fusion of horizons as an underpinning methodology, an initial hermeneutical analysis and interpretation of the impressions generated qualities and activities indicative of the aspects of the phenomenon of ordinariness in nursing. The second phase of the analysis and interpretation sought to illuminate the nature of the phenomenon itself. Eight actualities of the nature of the phenomenon emerged: 'allowingness,' 'straightforwardness,' 'self-likeness,' 'homeliness,' 'favourableness,' 'intuneness,' 'lightheartedness' and 'connectedness.' These actualities were described in relation to the phenomenon of interest. The effects of the phenomenon were the creative potential to enhance the nursing encounter and included many and various effects of facilitation, fair play, familiarity, family, favouring, feelings, fun and friendship. The research found that nurses and patients shared a common sense of humanity, which enhanced the nursing encounter. Within the context of caring, the nurses were ordinary people, perceived as being extraordinarily effective, by the very ways in which their humanness shone through their knowledge and skills, to make their whole being with patients something more than just professional helping. The shared sense of ordinariness between nurses and patients made them as one in then- humanness and created a special place, in which the relative strangeness of the experience of being in a health care setting, could be made familiar and manageable.

<p dir="ltr">The rapid expansion of peer-to-peer accommodations has revolutionized the hospitality industry, yet understanding the social dynamics that underpin the host-guest relationship remains limited. Existing research has neglected the social-oriented aspects of P2P accommodations, particularly guest civility—considerate and respectful behavior toward hosts—which is vital for sustaining the sharing economy model. This dissertation addresses this gap by examining how symbolic designs establish territoriality in homeliness perception that communicates social norms deriving from the host’s identity and power, which influences guest civility in P2P accommodations. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as the theory of planned behavior, social influence theory, and social exchange theory, this dissertation explores how these design elements shape guest civil intention through territorial homeliness perception.</p><p dir="ltr">In Chapter 3, semi-structured interviews with hosts and guests revealed that both parties share similar understandings of private home norms. When online symbolic designs—such as home descriptions about host supervision, host profiles, house rules, and pre-stay approval processes—align with the private home schema, guests develop stronger civil intentions. In Chapter 4, a mixed-method approach showed that inhabitation perception (formed through inhabitation design elements) and hospitality perception (formed through hospitality design features) both positively affect guest civil intention. Perceived uncontrol mediates the relationship between inhabitation perception and guest civility, as reduced autonomy leads guests to conform to social norms. In Chapter 5, an experimental study demonstrated that host-led narrative designs (e.g., welcome baskets) enhance guest civil intention by increasing perceived inclusion, while guest-led narrative designs (e.g., guestbooks) moderate this effect.</p><p dir="ltr">By examining how symbolic designs communicate social norms that shape guest civility, this dissertation advances theoretical understanding across the three pillars of customer behaviors, accommodation designs, and accommodation experience. It reframes guest civility as a social-oriented outcome, identifies design elements as symbolic cues, and redefines homeliness as a territorial perception. These insights not only deepen the understanding of the host-guest relationship but also offer practical guidance for hosts and platforms, ultimately fostering trust and sustainable growth of P2P accommodations.</p>