As early as in the late nineteenth century when bubonic plague was severe, public bathhouses had appeared in the form of matshed and accommodated in rental tenements by the government in the City of Victoria. With a view to providing a desirable public health environment, the first public bathhouse was constructed in Wan Chai in 1903, in which time the amended Public Health and Buildings Ordinance came to effect. Numbers of public bathhouses serving the poor working Chinese in the City of Victoria followed. Not until 1925 public bathhouses were built beyond the Hong Kong Island, constructions reached its peak during the post-war years of 1950s – 1960s. As at 2012, a total number of 28 public bathhouses are managed to survive in Hong Kong. According to the statistics provided by the government reports, average daily attendance of a public bathhouse was high before the wartime. Today, though many members of the society find odd on their existence, they remain servicing in some older districts where poor housing accommodation still exists. This dissertation aims at, by desktop study on the public bathhouse in urban Hong Kong (those on the Hong Kong Island in particular) and the referential instances of the development of public bathhouse in history and it in the Great Britain and the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and the Imperial China (Chapter 1), to trace the development of the public bathhouse in Hong Kong, how it reflects the development of the society and the community (Chapters 2 & 3), to provide a list of inventory of the general design and basic information for those surviving on the Hong Kong Island (Chapter 4) and to raise questions on the cultural significances and the means of conservation of such changing (and disappearing) heritage item that relates to the way we live (Chapter 5). The scope of the research is confined to the public bathhouses managed by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (The Sanitary Board and Urban Council as the forerunners) on the Hong Kong Island (7 nos. in total) where the first public bathhouse in Hong Kong was built and some long-standing ones still exist, meanwhile post-war constructions in various phases are available. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Hong Kong is currently facing the insufficient flat supply to cope with the growth of population and foreign investment from mainlanders. Over the past decade, there has been an escalating force to explore the land supply in many village area in the New Territories due to its low land premium to be paid to the Government. While some of the village are located far away from the urban area in Kowloon peninsula and the Hong Kong Island, some of the typical villages in the New Territories, with the benefit of railway development by West Railway, have been drawn developer’s attention to start acquisition of the village area and commence property redevelopment by change of land use through planning application to Town Planning Board. Yuen Long District, one of the longest history and full of typical villages’ characteristics in Hong Kong, also face the threats and opportunities from local developer. Tai Kiu Tsuen is a typical example to examine how local developers could explore the redevelopment potential of the entire village area and preserve the character defining elements of the village during the current planning and design stage. The issue of the redevelopment and preservation of the village rest on the effort and contribution mainly from three parties, including the various government departments such as Planning Department and Town Planning Board, Antiquities and Monument Office from Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Lands Department and Buildings Department and various works departments, local developer’s side include the Project Management Team and Conservation Architect Team and the local stakeholders including the indigenous villagers, the neighborhoods and relevant Yuen Long citizens has attachment to the village. The key issue address by this dissertation is that while the redevelopment potential of certain prime village area could be explored and utilized to satisfy the local domestic needs, it is also equally important to preserve the tangible and intangible value of the village. This values should be preserved and passed to next future generation to continue the tradition and customs of Yuen Long District. The dissertation will focus on Tai Kiu Tsuen in Yuen Long District as a case study. The purpose is to identify the character defining elements of the typical village in the New Territories and its cultural significance. The dissertation also examines the evidential, historical, aesthetical and communal values of Tai Kui Tsuen in the development of Yuen Long District. This research will answer the conservation principles could be adopted in preserving a heritage village in Yuen Long District or New Territories and suggest how to integrate the heritage significance into future property development in order to maintain the significant values, especially communal value, of the village in Yuen Long District or New Territories. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Between 1940 and 1950, many Shanghainese immigrants carried their capital and skills into Hong Kong. Among these immigrants were Shanghai-style barbers who brought with them their concept of grooming to retune and upgrade Hong Kong’s grooming culture in those earlier times, and who found that the changing situation in the British Colony allowed them to express their professional skills in this new environment. The distinctive characteristics of Shanghai-style barber shops include three elements: such as image and style, male grooming skills and shop services, all elements highlight the ideas of professional, hygienic and enjoyable experience with a customer-first orientation in whole grooming process. The numbers of Shanghai style barber shops are getting less-and-less in Hong Kong in recent years. For a large part of the latter half of the 20th century, this Shanghai-style grooming service was part of the everyday lives of Hong Kong people. Because of some existing challenges in the survival of Shanghai-style barber shops such as retirement of barbers, lack of new blood participation, rising rents and the changing of trends, now Shanghai-style barbering is a sun-set trade. It is living heritage, but one that is not sustainable due to changing expressed needs and tastes, and therefore this characteristic service with its tonsorial skills and distinctive business form needs to be documented before it disappears from the cultural landscape of Hong Kong. Published studies of Shanghai-style barber seem to focus only on the history of the trade and its practitioners, in terms of where they came from and why they came to Hong Kong. There is almost no published record of Shanghai-style barbers’ distinctive skills, traditions and ethnicity, or of the differences of characteristics such as business form, tonsorial skills, and people services in barber shops between Shanghai-style barbers and Cantonese barbers. In other words, the character-defining elements (CDEs) that identify the trade as Shanghainese barbers have not been documented – filling this research gap is what this dissertation is about. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

The main goal of this paper is to study early lexicography in Hong Kong in the 1841-1914 period by focusing on the contexts, the texts and their facilitators. It also aims to explore the problems and issues emerging from the discussion of Chinese-English-Chinese lexicography in early Hong Kong. Lexicography in early Hong Kong grew out of the increasing need for intercultural communication between the Chinese and the foreign communities there. The pre-existing lexicographical traditions established in Mainland China and Macau in the nineteenth century created the foundations for lexicography in early Hong Kong. Learning and borrowing a great deal from their predecessors, two groups of lexicographers in colonial Hong Kong, Chinese and Western, contributed much to facilitate intercultural communication by compiling English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries for two different groups of target users: Chinese learners of English and Western learners of Chinese. Such lexicographic works have both merits and defects. Also discussed in this paper are the use of written Cantonese, culture, phraseology as well as tradition and innovation, all of which are as relevant today in the fields of lexicography and linguistics as they were more than 100 years ago. This paper ends by summarizing the main findings and pointing out the limitations of the study like the unavailability of some editions of the lexicographic texts discussed. In addition, it suggests possible implications for future research such as building a large database of Cantonese as observed in the early English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries for diachronic studies on Cantonese. / published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

Objectives To analyze the prevalence and pattern of HPV infection in women of different age groups in Hong Kong, with respect to liquid-based cytologic diagnosis. Materials and Methods A total of 2,055 liquid-based gynecologic cytology cases using either SurePath or ThinPrep during the period from July 1, 2007 to July 31, 2012 were retrieved from the archival files of CH Pathology Limited for retrospective analysis. Cytologic diagnosis was first given. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping was subsequently performed in cases either as requested simultaneously by gynecologists or if the cytologic diagnosis was “atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)” or above. IBM SPSS statistics 20 was used for data analysis and assessment of possible statistical significance. Results The overall prevalence of HPV infection in the studied population was 67.7%, with 37.2% cases with “negative” cytologic findings being HPV positive. Cases with “lowgrade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)”, “atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H)” and “high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)” were highly associated with HPV infection (97.8%, 91.5% and 98.4%, respectively). Amongst the “ASC-H” and “HSIL” cases, most of them were shown to harbor high-risk HPV DNA (87.2% and 93.4%, respectively). The overall prevalence of HPV infection was higher in women younger than 25 years and in women older than 54 years, with the peak at post-menopausal age group. The patterns for infection by single HPV genotype or high-risk HPV genotype(s) alone were similar to the overall pattern, with the first peak at women younger than 25 years, followed by a drop at aged 25 to 34 and rebound again when age afterward. As for infection by multiple HPV genotypes or low-risk HPV genotype(s) alone, the patterns were less consistent. Amongst all the HPV-positive cases, the commonest high-risk HPV genotypes were type 52 and type 16. HPV type 62 and type 81 represented the commonest low-risk HPV genotypes detected in the population studied. Infection by other HPV genotypes showed various patterns in different age groups. Conclusions The overall prevalence of HPV infection in Hong Kong females correlates with age of the patients and corresponding cytologic diagnosis. Women younger than 25 years and older than 54 years are more likely to harbor HPV. The patterns of HPV infection in local patients can be useful in future preventive measures such as vaccination. / published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

A study of the origin of the boulder fields at Shek Lung Tsai, Ma On Shan has been carried out because of the mystery surrounding their origin, which has yet to be formally investigated. The objective of the study was to give a descriptive analysis of the geometry of the boulders, and to examine if they are jointed columns like those of the High Island Formation in Sai Kung, by obtaining data on aspect ratio and interfacial angles. Data has been obtained from the boulders and is presented in the form of a table detailing their individual measurements. The data has been interpreted in relation to the concept that Y-intersections and hence interfacial angles of 120˚ are indicative of columnar-jointed rocks. It is concluded that there is a possibility of the boulders being cooling-jointed columns, and their failure may have been triggered by a tilting of southeastern Hong Kong to the east was as much as 30˚ in the Quaternary. / published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

As Hong Kong is a densely populated metropolis, efficient public transport is needed to maintain an acceptable level of mobility. Transport policies have been developed with this aim and railways have been given a unique role in the passenger network. One of the objectives in Hong Kong Moving Ahead - A Transport Strategy for the Future was to use railways as the backbone of the transport network. Besides this, the Railway Development Study and Railway Development Study 2000 also showed strong government support for expanding the railway network. In 2000, the MTRC was privatized and became a listed company on the stock exchange. It carried on using the integrated railway – property development model to finance its operations. Moreover, it continued to enjoy privileges and advantages usually given to statutory corporations. After the merger with KCRC in 2006, the MTR became a railway monopoly earning substantial profits every year. With beneficial government policies, the relationship was defined as a railway policy regime. Moreover, a policy regime change has not occurred and improvements in public participation and railway governance were proposed. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

The purpose of this research was to investigate how intrapersonal and environmental factors shape the beliefs and experiences of talented athletes in Hong Kong, using a case study approach. The four participants involved in the study were elite athletes recognised for their outstanding sporting achievements. A literature review of previous studies suggested that genetic and environmental factors influence talent development in the sporting domain, with four key themes worthy of further investigation: self-perceptions of natural abilities in sport (talent), self-motivation, coach, and family and school. To achieve a deeper understanding of these variables, a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews was used to examine the nature and complexity of the process of talent development. The results indicated that the participants did not tend to perceive themselves as significantly talented or “very special”. However, there was evidence that the four factors identified above critically influenced the development of their talent, both positively and negatively. Based on the participants’ stories, a conceptual framework was constructed to represent the interplay among the major influences on talent development. The findings have implications for improving or modifying the strategies commonly used to maximise talent development in elite athletes in Hong Kong. However, the limitations of this small-scale research study are acknowledged. / published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture