Nowadays the insufficient facilities of social and health care institutions in Rokycany region don{\crq}t get a motivation to participate in finance of different institutions, in spite of the fact that they are placed in its territory, and provide services for their citizens.From the point of view of residential structure in Rokycany region it seems to be clear that the region itself has to play a big role so that the services would be provided even in small municipalities, and distant urban areas of the region. The above remarks confirm the hypothesis: 1. Social hospitalization in a health care institution results in insufficient facilities of places in retirement homes and in residence institutions of social care. I propose to improve the organiation of social and health care services for old and handicapped people in SO ORP Rokycany region, which I can regard as an availability of social and health care services in the whole region, as an icrease and enlargement of the social services mainly in non-governmental and nonprofitable sector, and as an increase of the quality of provided social services. The range of social hospitalization in Rokycany hospital, Corp., conditions was investigated within the practical part of my thesis. Both aims were fulfilled by working up the practical part of the thesis, and by carrying out the social demographic analysis. By observing the basic data and information while observing the social care in the health care institution, it definitely bears to the hypothesi 2.: The refund of social hospitalization doesn{\crq}t include the costs of sickbed in a health care institution, which is contributing tounfavourable economical situation in a health care institution. The new law doesn{\crq}t solve this problem of financing the social sickbeds. This law insufficiently solves conditions of social allowance belonging, on the contrary, the allowence depends on agreement.This results in repeated and longtime people{\crq}s hospitalization,who are being given this health care allowance. I think it is necessary to ammend the accepted law 108/2006, of Law Digest, abot social services. The matter of finance of longtime hospitalization in health care institution could be solved by the items up increase for longtime lying people. I can see the other aspect of solution in setting up the clear conditions to provide the social care allowance.

Nowadays the parental presence in the pediatric intensive care units (PICU) is quite common. Building a fellowship between parents and health care staff and high quality parents' integration into the care is a very demanding process. First of all, the success of this process largely depends upon the nurse. It is the very nurse who leads, educates, supports and also professionally integrates parents into their child's care. In addition, critically ill child's care in cooperation with parents is complicated by a high parental stress level, child's serious condition and high professional and technical requirements posed to the nurse. The graduation thesis concentrates on the parents' integration into the care of a critically ill child from the nurse's point of view. The goal of this thesis was to describe the general conditions of parents' integration into the critically ill child's care and to map the actual state of the cooperation within the nurse ? parent ? critically ill child relation from the nurse's point of view. Other goals included the analysis of nurse's feeling of readiness for work with parents of critically ill children, and elaboration of a booklet concerning the initial introduction of an intensive care and resuscitation unit for infants and older children for better parents' awareness. In the research part of the thesis a qualitative research was used. The data collection technique was a semi-standardized interview. A research sample was represented by seven nurses working in the sphere of the critically ill children care in four selected hospitals in the Czech Republic. The study took place in the period starting May 2011 till July 2011. The research results revealed that the parental integration conditions are not quite optimal. First of all, in this sphere the nurses pointed to a limited accommodation capacity for parents, lack of supporting services and unsatisfactory site layout of the intensive care units. The nurses expressed their readiness to the closer cooperation with critically ill children's parents in the basic nursing sphere, mostly, thereafter, in the sphere of hygiene care. The parental cooperation in the special-care sphere was accepted rather negatively by the respondents. As the research results show, most of the nurses consider the work with parents psychologically very demanding and during their school education they had never been prepared for it by anybody. Findings flowing from the research results gave birth to the information booklet that is a basic informational and educational material for parents of children admitted to the intensive and resuscitation care unit for older children and infants in Hradec Králové University Teaching Hospital. It also represents a detailed instruction for a similar material for other facilities of this type and, last but not least, it facilitates the whole process of initial parents' education for nurses. This graduation thesis can also assist in the education of children's nurses, help students and nurses working with critically ill children's parents understand the "Family-centered care" principles and their practical introduction.

Hospitalization means a lot of changes for a child. A child does not feel well, is isolated from home, friends, and comes to a new unknown environment full of white coats, fear, and different illnesses. After coming to hospital, a child loses the feeling of safety and is afraid. Fulfilling the child´s needs of certainty and safety is crucial for the child´s healthy development that is why the thesis deals with this topic. The aim of the thesis is to map to what extend the needs of safety and certainty of children are fulfilled in chosen departments. The thesis aims to find out in what way the asked children adapt to the hospital environment and to map the nurses´ approach to the children in the context of fulfilling the needs of safety and certainty as well. In the theoretical part, classification of children´s needs is described and the needs of certainty and safety are characterized. This part deals with adaptation of a child to the hospital environment and cooperation with the family, the role of parents during child´s hospitalisation, and the issue of hospitalism. For the empirical part, qualitative research was chosen via a method of semi-structured interviews with hospitalized children and nurses. The research sample was created by 17 children of younger school age and 6 nurses in the same ratio from three children´s department of Motol University Hospital. When interviewing children, we were finding out how they feel at hospital, what they experience, if they have visitors, if they are not afraid, and how they are informed about the diagnosis, check-ups, and the length of hospitalization. We were interviewing nurses about ensuring the needs of certainty and safety, decreasing fear and pain, common hospitalization of parents and children, and preparation of children for check-ups. On the basis of the analysis of results, we made a conclusion that the needs of safety and certainty are fulfilled to a great extend at children. Children generally adapt to the hospital environment well. Nurses treat them with love and try to devote themselves to them, encourage them and substitute their parents if they are not hospitalized with them. We think, however, that they do no devote enough time to psychosocial anamnesis and that is why an adaptation questionnaire was created which will serve nurses after admitting a child to hospitalization.