While there is a vast amount of research focusing on the importance of school connectedness for short-term outcomes related to alcohol use, few studies have looked at the longer-term consequences of poor school connectedness. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the gender-specific association between school connectedness (1966) and alcohol- related hospitalization in adulthood (1973-2007). Moreover, the role of adjustment problems in adolescence was examined. Logistic regression analysis was based on a cohort of Swedish children, born in 1953 in Stockholm, Sweden, including 6,269 males and 6,106 females. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between having a lower level of school connectedness in childhood and an increased risk of hospitalization due to alcohol misuse in adulthood, among males. The findings for females were less conclusive. Controlling for socioeconomic background and adjustment problems in adolescence reduced the strength of the association but did not explain it. In sum, this study shows that school connectedness appear to have long-term consequences for alcohol-related diseases, but further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this finding.