Angl. resumé

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This diploma thesis are focused on the comparison of integrated and organic production. The literary part deals with the problems of production systems in viticulture and explain their influence on the quality of grapes. It also describes plant extracts, used plants and their production. It describes the main fungal diseases that the vines invade. The experimental part describes the experiment itself, the plant protection products used and the methods used to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative parameters of Riesling grapes that have been observed during maturation. It deals with the evaluation and comparison of the monitored parameters. The thesis recommends an appropriate system of cultivation in organic and integrated production.

This Masters thesis contains possibility in using plant extracts as alternative options for protecting grapevine against fungal diseases. Also Impact using of water plant extracts to grapevine state of health and their quantity and qualitative parameters. Theoretic part of this masters thesis describe the most significant fungal diseases of grapevines. In following article are described manufacturing possibilities and usefulness of plant extracts. Plants convenient to produce extracts. The last paragraph in theoretical part contains characterization of defending reactions of grapevines, attacked by pathogens. Beginning of experimental part deals with influence of plant extracts to grapevine state of health. There is also comparison followed parameters between all tested variants.

Valorization of the growth, harvesting and qualitative characteristics of apple tree varieties which are characterized by columnar growth pattern at ŠZP Žabčice. Focusing on the incidence of fungal diseases (apple scab, apple powdery mildew). Review of literature focusing on the characteristics of growth properties, harvesting data including the quality of fruits and their keeping.

This thesis focuses on the possibility of environmental protection of PIWI vine varieties against fungal diseases. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes information about organic viticulture, vine resistance against fungal diseases, explains the importance of PIWI varieties and describes the most important fungal diseases of vine. In the experimental part, an experiment using ecological preparations against fungal diseases is described. The effectiveness of these formulations and the content of grapevine elements is evaluated here. Furthermore, qualitative parameters of grapes and aromatic substances in wine are analyzed and statistically processed.

The dissertation thesis deals with the problems of the use of plasma technologies in agriculture for the purpose of improving the quality of feedstuffs for agricultural animals. The attention is focused above all on the use of low-temperature gliding arc plasma discharge generated by the atmospheric pressure for the elimination of model fungal pathogens (T. virens) and for the testing of the possibility of the use of plasma for the decreasing of mycotoxin load (DON and D3G). The professional orientation of the dissertation thesis is strongly interdisciplinary with the overlap to the area of the physics of plasma, microbiology, zootechnics and the proposal and construction of technical facilities. With that corresponds also the division of thesis into individual chapters. In the research part, there is a summary of actual pieces of knowledge from the area of fungal microorganisms and mycotoxins produced by these with the view on their presence in feedstuffs. There follows a research of pieces of knowledge of low-temperature plasma and its applications in the food industry and feeding. In the chapter Material and Methodology, the applicated methods of work, employed instruments and biological material are described. The resulting part is, for its clear arrangement, divided into five subchapters ? stating of selected parameters of plasma device, influence of plasma on nutritional parameters, influence of plasma on the model fungus Trichoderma virens and possibilities of the use of plasma discharge for the decreasing of concentration of mycotoxins in feedstuffs. The final part is dedicated to the description of system which enables the treatment of samples in continuous regime. The treatment of mycelial discs by plasma discharge lead to the decrease of germination capacity of spores of fungi, while there was experimentally proven the synergic effect of the influence of individual mechanisms by which the plasma interacts with the surface of biological material. At the same time, there was not observed a more significant change in the composition of feedstuffs, more significant is only the change of humidity of sample. In the laboratory conditions, the decreasing of concentration of mycotoxins spread on laboratory glass was proven. At the samples of feedstuffs contaminated by natural way, it was not successful to reliably provedecreasing of concentration of mycotoxins in a sample as a result of plasma activity.

The history of cultivating barley dates back to the beginning of conscious agriculture, accompanying humans together with wheat, as the second oldest grain. It is not possible to understand the current role barley plays in our economy only from the perspective of its use of malting, although we regard it as a priority, both in light of breeding and cultivating, and its research. With regard to the short growing season, the weaker root system and its biological character, barley reacts sensitive to stressful conditions of all kind, and thus also to any br1eeding mistake. Throughout its entire vegetation period, spring barley is exposed to the pressure of a number of fungal diseases. Especially in regard to the malting barley, it is necessary to fight against this danger effectively. High demands are put on the quality of malting barley and diseases can - to a large extent - decide on economic breeding results. It says: For successful breeding of malting barley, its outcome is the tax of the complex breeding proceedings. The fight against fungal diseases is a significant part of agricultural engineering. A series of preparations against fungal diseases exist and further registrations of preparations continue to occur. The laboratory Kluky s.r.o. is one of the companies that makes registered experiments of the preparations. Within this recognized laboratory, the experiment of monitoring diseases of the spring barley was carried out while applying chosen beneficent substances.

This dissertation describes the development of new genetic resources of spring barley in a process called prebreeding. Suitable genotypes were detected by using appropriate methods of selection (greenhouse tests, molecular markers, filed tests in provocative conditions). They could be used directly in the next breeding programmes for increased resistance to pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres causing net form of net blotch or for improved grain quality usable in the food industry and in nutrition of farm animals.

Seagrasses are the only group of submerged plants that are permanently growing in marine environment. They play an important role in the sea bottom ecosystem. Seagrasses are primary producers capable of accumulation and deposition of carbon. They influence water flow at the sea bottom and form symbioses with variety of organisms. Our knowledge of symbiotic interactions of seagrasses is still limited even though several studies of the topic have been carried out in recent years. Unlike most of terrestrial plants, seagrasses are generally considered as plants that do not form any specific associations with mycorrhizal or endophytic fungi. Surprisingly, we have discovered a novel fungal endophytic association in roots of Mediterranean endemic seagrass species Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Morphology of this symbiotic fungi strongly resembles common symbiotic fungi of terrestrial plants, dark septate endophytes (DSE). We sampled roots of P. oceanica in large area of the Mediterranean from southeastern Spain to Albania and described range and taxonomical classification of the endophyte using microscopy, in vitro cultivation and molecular determination. Roots of P. oceanica in whole area of study are colonized by mere two endophytic fungal species. Over 90 % of the fungal symbionts belong to a single...